Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Song of Songs, Chapter 4שיר השירים 4

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Song of Songs 4 (16 verses in the MT) opens: Behold, you fair, my love; behold, you fair; you doves' eyes within your locks: your hair as a flock of goats, that appear from mount Gilead. The middle of the chapter continues: You have ravished my heart, my sister, spouse; you have ravished my heart with one of your eyes, with one chain of your neck. It closes: Awake, O north wind; and come, you south; blow upon my garden, the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his pleasant fruits.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Song of Songs 4 comprises 16 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Behold, you fair, my love; behold, you fair; you doves' eyes within your. Behold, you fair, my love; behold, you fair; you doves' eyes within your locks: your hair as a flock of goats, that appear from mount Gilead. Your teeth like a flock shorn, which came up from the washing; whereof every one bear twins, and none barren among them. Your lips like a thread of scarlet, and your speech comely: your temples like a piece of a. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Your two breasts like two young roes that are twins, which feed among th. Your two breasts like two young roes that are twins, which feed among the lilies. Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, I will get me to the mountain of myrrh, and to the hill of frankincense. You all fair, my love; no spot in you. Come with me from Lebanon, spouse, with me from Lebanon: look from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — You have ravished my heart, my sister, spouse; you have ravished my hear. You have ravished my heart, my sister, spouse; you have ravished my heart with one of your eyes, with one chain of your neck. How fair is your love, my sister, spouse! how much better is your love than wine! and the smell of your ointments than all spices! Your lips, O spouse, drop the honeycomb: honey and milk under your tongue; and the smell of your. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — Your plants an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire,. Your plants an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, Spikenard and saffron; calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices: A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and streams from Lebanon. Awake, O north wind; and come, you south; blow upon my garden, the spices. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

הִנָּ֨ךְ יָפָ֤ה רַעְיָתִי֙ הִנָּ֣ךְ יָפָ֔ה עֵינַ֣יִךְ יוֹנִ֔ים מִבַּ֖עַד לְצַמָּתֵ֑ךְ שַׂעְרֵךְ֙ כְּעֵ֣דֶר הָֽעִזִּ֔ים שֶׁגָּלְשׁ֖וּ מֵהַ֥ר גִּלְעָֽד

Behold, you fair, my love; behold, you fair; you doves' eyes within your locks: your hair as a flock of goats, that appear from mount Gilead.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'that / which'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
הִנָּ֨ךְbeholdadv. + sfx 2fs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
יָפָ֤הbeautifulAdj · יָפֶה (H3303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפֶה (H3303) 'beautiful'.
רַעְיָתִי֙andN c · רַעְיָה (H7474)Construct chain (genitival)רַעְיָה (H7474) 'and'.
הִנָּ֣ךְbeholdadv. + sfx 2fs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
יָפָ֔הbeautifulAdj · יָפֶה (H3303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפֶה (H3303) 'beautiful'.
עֵינַ֣יִךְyour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'your eyes'.
יוֹנִ֔יםthe doveN c · יוֹנָה (H3123)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹנָה (H3123) 'the dove'.
מִבַּ֖עַדthroughprep + prep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
לְצַמָּתֵ֑ךְlocksprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2fs · צַמָּה (H6777)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַמָּה (H6777) 'locks'.
שַׂעְרֵךְ֙hairN c · שֵׂעָר (H8181)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׂעָר (H8181) 'hair'.
כְּעֵ֣דֶרdroveprep + N com m sg constr · עֵדֶר (H5739)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדֶר (H5739) 'drove'.
הָֽעִזִּ֔יםthe goatsart + N com f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵז (H5795) 'the goats'.
שֶׁגָּלְשׁ֖וּthat / whichrel. שֶׁ + Qal perf 3cp · גָּלַשׁ (H1570)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלַשׁ (H1570) 'that / which'.
מֵהַ֥רfrom Mountprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'from Mount'.
גִּלְעָֽדGileadN · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְעָד (H1568) 'Gilead'.
2

שִׁנַּ֨יִךְ֙ כְּעֵ֣דֶר הַקְּצוּב֔וֹת שֶׁעָל֖וּ מִן הָרַחְצָ֑ה שֶׁכֻּלָּם֙ מַתְאִימ֔וֹת וְשַׁכֻּלָ֖ה אֵ֥ין בָּהֶֽם

Your teeth like a flock shorn, which came up from the washing; whereof every one bear twins, and none barren among them.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
שִׁנַּ֨יִךְ֙toothN c · שֵׁן (H8127)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁן (H8127) 'tooth'.
כְּעֵ֣דֶרdroveprep + N com m sg constr · עֵדֶר (H5739)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדֶר (H5739) 'drove'.
הַקְּצוּב֔וֹתandart + Qal ptc fp · קָצַב (H7094)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָצַב (H7094) 'and'.
שֶׁעָל֖וּand he went uprel. שֶׁ + Qal perf 3cp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הָרַחְצָ֑הwashingart + N com f sg abs · רַחְצָה (H7367)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַחְצָה (H7367) 'washing'.
שֶׁכֻּלָּם֙allrel. שֶׁ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַתְאִימ֔וֹתpairedHiphil ptc fp · תְּאוֹם (H8382)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתְּאוֹם (H8382) 'paired'.
וְשַׁכֻּלָ֖הbarrenconj וְ + Adj · שַׁכּוּל (H7909)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁכּוּל (H7909) 'barren'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
בָּהֶֽםin themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
3

כְּח֤וּט הַשָּׁנִי֙ שִׂפְתֹתַ֔יִךְ וּמִדְבָּרֵ֖יךְ נָאוֶ֑ה כְּפֶ֤לַח הָֽרִמּוֹן֙ רַקָּתֵ֔ךְ מִבַּ֖עַד לְצַמָּתֵֽךְ

Your lips like a thread of scarlet, and your speech comely: your temples like a piece of a pomegranate within your locks.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כְּח֤וּטfrom a threadprep + N com m sg constr · חוּט (H2339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּט (H2339) 'from a thread'.
הַשָּׁנִי֙the scarletart + N com m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנִי (H8144) 'the scarlet'.
שִׂפְתֹתַ֔יִךְthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
וּמִדְבָּרֵ֖יךְin the wildernessconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
נָאוֶ֑הbecomethAdj · נָאוֶה (H5000)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָאוֶה (H5000) 'becometh'.
כְּפֶ֤לַחupper millstoneprep + N com f sg constr · פֶּלַח (H6400)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּלַח (H6400) 'upper millstone'.
הָֽרִמּוֹן֙and a pomegranate,art + N com m sg abs · רִמּוֹן (H7416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִמּוֹן (H7416) 'and a pomegranate,'.
רַקָּתֵ֔ךְinto his templeN c · רַקָּה (H7541)Construct chain (genitival)רַקָּה (H7541) 'into his temple'.
מִבַּ֖עַדthroughprep + prep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
לְצַמָּתֵֽךְlocksprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2fs · צַמָּה (H6777)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַמָּה (H6777) 'locks'.
4

כְּמִגְדַּ֤ל דָּוִיד֙ צַוָּארֵ֔ךְ בָּנ֖וּי לְתַלְפִּיּ֑וֹת אֶ֤לֶף הַמָּגֵן֙ תָּל֣וּי עָלָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל שִׁלְטֵ֥י הַגִּבּוֹרִֽים

Your neck like the tower of David builded for an armoury, whereon there hang a thousand bucklers, all shields of mighty men.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he built'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כְּמִגְדַּ֤לand a towerprep + N com c sg constr · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'and a tower'.
דָּוִיד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
צַוָּארֵ֔ךְyour neckN c · צַוָּאר (H6677)Construct chain (genitival)צַוָּאר (H6677) 'your neck'.
בָּנ֖וּיand he builtQal ptc ms · בָּנָה (H1129)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּנָה (H1129) 'and he built'.
לְתַלְפִּיּ֑וֹתtoprep + N com f pl abs · תַּלְפִּיָּה (H8530)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּלְפִּיָּה (H8530) 'to'.
אֶ֤לֶףthousandAdj · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
הַמָּגֵן֙the shield ofart + N com c sg abs · מָגֵן (H4043)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
תָּל֣וּיthe hanged [man]Qal ptc ms · תָּלָה (H8518)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּלָה (H8518) 'the hanged [man]'.
עָלָ֔יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
כֹּ֖לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שִׁלְטֵ֥יshieldN c · שֶׁלֶט (H7982)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁלֶט (H7982) 'shield'.
הַגִּבּוֹרִֽיםmightyart + Adj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
5

שְׁנֵ֥י שָׁדַ֛יִךְ כִּשְׁנֵ֥י עֳפָרִ֖ים תְּאוֹמֵ֣י צְבִיָּ֑ה הָרוֹעִ֖ים בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽים

Your two breasts like two young roes that are twins, which feed among the lilies.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shepherding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שְׁנֵ֥יtwo ofAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two of'.
שָׁדַ֛יִךְbreastsN c · שַׁד (H7699)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁד (H7699) 'breasts'.
כִּשְׁנֵ֥יtwoprep + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
עֳפָרִ֖יםyoung roeN c · עֹפֶר (H6082)Construct chain (genitival)עֹפֶר (H6082) 'young roe'.
תְּאוֹמֵ֣יtwinsN c · תָּאוֹם (H8380)Construct chain (genitival)תָּאוֹם (H8380) 'twins'.
צְבִיָּ֑הroeN c · צְבִיָּה (H6646)Construct chain (genitival)צְבִיָּה (H6646) 'roe'.
הָרוֹעִ֖יםshepherdingart + Qal ptc mp · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּֽיםlilyprep + art + N com c pl abs · שׁוּשַׁן (H7799)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוּשַׁן (H7799) 'lily'.
6

עַ֤ד שֶׁיָּפ֨וּחַ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וְנָ֖סוּ הַצְּלָלִ֑ים אֵ֤לֶךְ לִי֙ אֶל הַ֣ר הַמּ֔וֹר וְאֶל גִּבְעַ֖ת הַלְּבוֹנָֽה

Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, I will get me to the mountain of myrrh, and to the hill of frankincense.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'blow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
עַ֤דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
שֶׁיָּפ֨וּחַ֙blowrel. שֶׁ + Qal impf 3ms · פּוּחַ (H6315)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפּוּחַ (H6315) 'blow'.
הַיּ֔וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
וְנָ֖סוּand they shall fleeconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · נוּס (H5127)Particle or relational elementנוּס (H5127) 'and they shall flee'.
הַצְּלָלִ֑יםshadowart + N com m pl abs · צֵלֶל (H6752)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֵלֶל (H6752) 'shadow'.
אֵ֤לֶךְI will goQal impf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'I will go'.
לִי֙to meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַ֣רMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
הַמּ֔וֹרmyrrh ofart + N com m sg abs · מֹר (H4753)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹר (H4753) 'myrrh of'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
גִּבְעַ֖תthe hills ofN c · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Construct chain (genitival)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
הַלְּבוֹנָֽהfrankincenseart + N com f sg abs · לְבֹנָה (H3828)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבֹנָה (H3828) 'frankincense'.
7

כֻּלָּ֤ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔י וּמ֖וּם אֵ֥ין בָּֽךְ

You all fair, my love; no spot in you.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כֻּלָּ֤ךְallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יָפָה֙beautifulAdj · יָפֶה (H3303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפֶה (H3303) 'beautiful'.
רַעְיָתִ֔יandN c · רַעְיָה (H7474)Construct chain (genitival)רַעְיָה (H7474) 'and'.
וּמ֖וּםa blemishconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מוּם (H3971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּם (H3971) 'a blemish'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
בָּֽךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
8

אִתִּ֤י מִלְּבָנוֹן֙ כַּלָּ֔ה אִתִּ֖י מִלְּבָנ֣וֹן תָּב֑וֹאִי תָּשׁ֣וּרִי מֵרֹ֣אשׁ אֲמָנָ֗ה מֵרֹ֤אשׁ שְׂנִיר֙ וְחֶרְמ֔וֹן מִמְּעֹנ֣וֹת אֲרָי֔וֹת מֵֽהַרְרֵ֖י נְמֵרִֽים

Come with me from Lebanon, spouse, with me from Lebanon: look from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and Hermon, from the lions' dens, from the mountains of the leopards.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אִתִּ֤יwith meprep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with me'.
מִלְּבָנוֹן֙Lebanonprep + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'.
כַּלָּ֔הhis daughter-in-lawN c · כַּלָּה (H3618)Construct chain (genitival)כַּלָּה (H3618) 'his daughter-in-law'.
אִתִּ֖יwith meprep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with me'.
מִלְּבָנ֣וֹןLebanonprep + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'.
תָּב֑וֹאִיand they cameQal jussive 2fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
תָּשׁ֣וּרִיI behold himQal impf 2fs · שׁוּר (H7789)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּר (H7789) 'I behold him'.
מֵרֹ֣אשׁfrom the top ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'from the top of'.
אֲמָנָ֗הAmanaN · אֲמָנָה (H549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲמָנָה (H549) 'Amana'.
מֵרֹ֤אשׁfrom the top ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'from the top of'.
שְׂנִיר֙SenirN · שְׂנִיר (H8149)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂנִיר (H8149) 'Senir'.
וְחֶרְמ֔וֹןHermonconj וְ + N proper · חֶרְמוֹן (H2768)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרְמוֹן (H2768) 'Hermon'.
מִמְּעֹנ֣וֹתa dwelling placeprep + N com c pl constr · מְעוֹנָה (H4585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעוֹנָה (H4585) 'a dwelling place'.
אֲרָי֔וֹתa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
מֵֽהַרְרֵ֖יfrom the mountains ofprep + N com m pl constr · הָרָר (H2042)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָרָר (H2042) 'from the mountains of'.
נְמֵרִֽיםandN c · נָמֵר (H5246)Construct chain (genitival)נָמֵר (H5246) 'and'.
9

לִבַּבְתִּ֖נִי אֲחֹתִ֣י כַלָּ֑ה לִבַּבְתִּ֨ינִי֙ באחד בְּאַחַ֣ת מֵעֵינַ֔יִךְ בְּאַחַ֥ד עֲנָ֖ק מִצַּוְּרֹנָֽיִךְ

You have ravished my heart, my sister, spouse; you have ravished my heart with one of your eyes, with one chain of your neck.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לִבַּבְתִּ֖נִיandPiel perf 2fs + sfx 1cs · לָבַב (H3823)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָבַב (H3823) 'and'.
אֲחֹתִ֣יmy sisterN c · אָחוֹת (H269)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹת (H269) 'my sister'.
כַלָּ֑הhis daughter-in-lawN c · כַּלָּה (H3618)Construct chain (genitival)כַּלָּה (H3618) 'his daughter-in-law'.
לִבַּבְתִּ֨ינִי֙andPiel perf 2fs + sfx 1cs · לָבַב (H3823)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָבַב (H3823) 'and'.
באחדon the firstprep + Adj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'on the first'.
בְּאַחַ֣תconcerning one ofprep + Adj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'concerning one of'.
מֵעֵינַ֔יִךְin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2fs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
בְּאַחַ֥דon the firstprep + Adj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'on the first'.
עֲנָ֖קpendantsN c · עָנָק (H6060)Construct chain (genitival)עָנָק (H6060) 'pendants'.
מִצַּוְּרֹנָֽיִךְhis neckprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2fs · צַוָּאר (H6677)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַוָּאר (H6677) 'his neck'.
10

מַה יָּפ֥וּ דֹדַ֖יִךְ אֲחֹתִ֣י כַלָּ֑ה מַה טֹּ֤בוּ דֹדַ֨יִךְ֙ מִיַּ֔יִן וְרֵ֥יחַ שְׁמָנַ֖יִךְ מִכָּל בְּשָׂמִֽים

How fair is your love, my sister, spouse! how much better is your love than wine! and the smell of your ointments than all spices!

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'be beautiful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יָּפ֥וּbe beautifulQal perf 3cp · יָפָה (H3302)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָפָה (H3302) 'be beautiful'.
דֹדַ֖יִךְhis uncleN c · דּוֹד (H1730)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹד (H1730) 'his uncle'.
אֲחֹתִ֣יmy sisterN c · אָחוֹת (H269)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹת (H269) 'my sister'.
כַלָּ֑הhis daughter-in-lawN c · כַּלָּה (H3618)Construct chain (genitival)כַּלָּה (H3618) 'his daughter-in-law'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
טֹּ֤בוּare good/goodlyQal perf 3cp · טוֹב (H2895)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטוֹב (H2895) 'are good/goodly'.
דֹדַ֨יִךְ֙his uncleN c · דּוֹד (H1730)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹד (H1730) 'his uncle'.
מִיַּ֔יִןfrom wineprep + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'from wine'.
וְרֵ֥יחַan aroma ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'an aroma of'.
שְׁמָנַ֖יִךְwith oilN c · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'with oil'.
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
בְּשָׂמִֽיםspicesN c · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּשֶׂם (H1314) 'spices'.
11

נֹ֛פֶת תִּטֹּ֥פְנָה שִׂפְתוֹתַ֖יִךְ כַּלָּ֑ה דְּבַ֤שׁ וְחָלָב֙ תַּ֣חַת לְשׁוֹנֵ֔ךְ וְרֵ֥יחַ שַׂלְמֹתַ֖יִךְ כְּרֵ֥יחַ לְבָנֽוֹן

Your lips, O spouse, drop the honeycomb: honey and milk under your tongue; and the smell of your garments like the smell of Lebanon.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'dripped'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
נֹ֛פֶתandN c · נֹפֶת (H5317)Construct chain (genitival)נֹפֶת (H5317) 'and'.
תִּטֹּ֥פְנָהdrippedQal impf 3fp · נָטַף (H5197)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָטַף (H5197) 'dripped'.
שִׂפְתוֹתַ֖יִךְthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
כַּלָּ֑הhis daughter-in-lawN c · כַּלָּה (H3618)Construct chain (genitival)כַּלָּה (H3618) 'his daughter-in-law'.
דְּבַ֤שׁhoneyN c · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Construct chain (genitival)דְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey'.
וְחָלָב֙and milk ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חָלָב (H2461)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָב (H2461) 'and milk of'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
לְשׁוֹנֵ֔ךְby their languagesN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
וְרֵ֥יחַan aroma ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'an aroma of'.
שַׂלְמֹתַ֖יִךְin his cloakN c · שַׂלְמָה (H8008)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂלְמָה (H8008) 'in his cloak'.
כְּרֵ֥יחַlike the smell ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'like the smell of'.
לְבָנֽוֹןLebanonN · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'.
12

גַּ֥ן נָע֖וּל אֲחֹתִ֣י כַלָּ֑ה גַּ֥ל נָע֖וּל מַעְיָ֥ן חָתֽוּם

A garden inclosed my sister, spouse; a spring shut up, a fountain sealed.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and locked'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
גַּ֥ןa gardenN c · גַּן (H1588)Construct chain (genitival)גַּן (H1588) 'a garden'.
נָע֖וּלand lockedQal ptc ms · נָעַל (H5274)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָעַל (H5274) 'and locked'.
אֲחֹתִ֣יmy sisterN c · אָחוֹת (H269)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹת (H269) 'my sister'.
כַלָּ֑הhis daughter-in-lawN c · כַּלָּה (H3618)Construct chain (genitival)כַּלָּה (H3618) 'his daughter-in-law'.
גַּ֥לa heap ofN c · גַּל (H1530)Construct chain (genitival)גַּל (H1530) 'a heap of'.
נָע֖וּלand lockedQal ptc ms · נָעַל (H5274)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָעַל (H5274) 'and locked'.
מַעְיָ֥ןthe spring ofN c · מַעְיָן (H4599)Construct chain (genitival)מַעְיָן (H4599) 'the spring of'.
חָתֽוּםsealedQal ptc ms · חָתַם (H2856)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָתַם (H2856) 'sealed'.
13

שְׁלָחַ֨יִךְ֙ פַּרְדֵּ֣ס רִמּוֹנִ֔ים עִ֖ם פְּרִ֣י מְגָדִ֑ים כְּפָרִ֖ים עִם נְרָדִֽים

Your plants an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard,

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שְׁלָחַ֨יִךְ֙dartN c · שֶׁלַח (H7973)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁלַח (H7973) 'dart'.
פַּרְדֵּ֣סforestN c · פַּרְדֵּס (H6508)Construct chain (genitival)פַּרְדֵּס (H6508) 'forest'.
רִמּוֹנִ֔יםand a pomegranate,N c · רִמּוֹן (H7416)Construct chain (genitival)רִמּוֹן (H7416) 'and a pomegranate,'.
עִ֖םwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
פְּרִ֣יthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
מְגָדִ֑יםand with the choice gift ofN c · מֶגֶד (H4022)Construct chain (genitival)מֶגֶד (H4022) 'and with the choice gift of'.
כְּפָרִ֖יםa ransomN c · כֹּפֶר (H3724)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּפֶר (H3724) 'a ransom'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
נְרָדִֽיםspikenardN c · נֵרְדְּ (H5373)Construct chain (genitival)נֵרְדְּ (H5373) 'spikenard'.
14

נֵ֣רְדְּ וְכַרְכֹּ֗ם קָנֶה֙ וְקִנָּמ֔וֹן עִ֖ם כָּל עֲצֵ֣י לְבוֹנָ֑ה מֹ֚ר וַאֲהָל֔וֹת עִ֖ם כָּל רָאשֵׁ֥י בְשָׂמִֽים

Spikenard and saffron; calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices:

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
נֵ֣רְדְּspikenardN c · נֵרְדְּ (H5373)Construct chain (genitival)נֵרְדְּ (H5373) 'spikenard'.
וְכַרְכֹּ֗םandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כַּרְכֹּם (H3750)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְכֹּם (H3750) 'and'.
קָנֶה֙the branchesN c · קָנֶה (H7070)Construct chain (genitival)קָנֶה (H7070) 'the branches'.
וְקִנָּמ֔וֹןand cinnamon ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · קִנָּמוֹן (H7076)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִנָּמוֹן (H7076) 'and cinnamon of'.
עִ֖םwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עֲצֵ֣יwood ofN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood of'.
לְבוֹנָ֑הfrankincenseN c · לְבֹנָה (H3828)Construct chain (genitival)לְבֹנָה (H3828) 'frankincense'.
מֹ֚רmyrrh ofN c · מֹר (H4753)Construct chain (genitival)מֹר (H4753) 'myrrh of'.
וַאֲהָל֔וֹתlike aloesconj וְ + N com m pl abs · אֳהָלִים (H174)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֳהָלִים (H174) 'like aloes'.
עִ֖םwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
רָאשֵׁ֥יthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
בְשָׂמִֽיםspicesN c · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּשֶׂם (H1314) 'spices'.
15

מַעְיַ֣ן גַּנִּ֔ים בְּאֵ֖ר מַ֣יִם חַיִּ֑ים וְנֹזְלִ֖ים מִן לְבָנֽוֹן

A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and streams from Lebanon.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'let it distill'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מַעְיַ֣ןthe spring ofN c · מַעְיָן (H4599)Construct chain (genitival)מַעְיָן (H4599) 'the spring of'.
גַּנִּ֔יםin the gardenN c · גַּן (H1588)Construct chain (genitival)גַּן (H1588) 'in the garden'.
בְּאֵ֖רa wellN c · בְּאֵר (H875)Construct chain (genitival)בְּאֵר (H875) 'a well'.
מַ֣יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
חַיִּ֑יםaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
וְנֹזְלִ֖יםlet it distillconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · נָזַל (H5140)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָזַל (H5140) 'let it distill'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
לְבָנֽוֹןLebanonN · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'.
16

ע֤וּרִי צָפוֹן֙ וּב֣וֹאִי תֵימָ֔ן הָפִ֥יחִי גַנִּ֖י יִזְּל֣וּ בְשָׂמָ֑יו יָבֹ֤א דוֹדִי֙ לְגַנּ֔וֹ וְיֹאכַ֖ל פְּרִ֥י מְגָדָֽיו

Awake, O north wind; and come, you south; blow upon my garden, the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his pleasant fruits.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'awake'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ע֤וּרִיawakeQal impv 2fs · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
צָפוֹן֙northN c · צָפוֹן (H6828)Construct chain (genitival)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north'.
וּב֣וֹאִיand they cameconj וְ + Qal impv 2fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
תֵימָ֔ןTemanN c · תֵּימָן (H8486)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּימָן (H8486) 'Teman'.
הָפִ֥יחִיblowHiphil impv 2fs · פּוּחַ (H6315)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפּוּחַ (H6315) 'blow'.
גַנִּ֖יin the gardenN c · גַּן (H1588)Construct chain (genitival)גַּן (H1588) 'in the garden'.
יִזְּל֣וּlet it distillQal jussive 3mp · נָזַל (H5140)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָזַל (H5140) 'let it distill'.
בְשָׂמָ֑יוspicesN c · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּשֶׂם (H1314) 'spices'.
יָבֹ֤אshall enterQal jussive 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall enter'.
דוֹדִי֙his uncleN c · דּוֹד (H1730)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹד (H1730) 'his uncle'.
לְגַנּ֔וֹin the gardenprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · גַּן (H1588)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּן (H1588) 'in the garden'.
וְיֹאכַ֖לand he ateconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָכַל (H398) 'and he ate'.
פְּרִ֥יthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
מְגָדָֽיוand with the choice gift ofN c · מֶגֶד (H4022)Construct chain (genitival)מֶגֶד (H4022) 'and with the choice gift of'.