1
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר
And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
The standard speech-formula introduces the two-chapter liturgical calendar (chs. 28–29) given on the plains of Moab — the fixed public offerings the new generation will keep in the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokePiel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the standard formula opening a divine legal speechדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel of דבר 'to speak'; the Piel is the ordinary stem for verbal communication, here in the recurring formula introducing divine legislation to Moses.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God (the tetragrammaton), traditionally read אֲדֹנָי; subject of nearly every divine-speech formula in the Pentateuch.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the recipient of divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of the preposition (addressee)מֹשֶׁה (H4872), the covenant mediator; addressee of the sacrificial calendar that follows.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive of manner introducing direct speech→ Infinitive construct: the formulaic hinge opening quoted discourseאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the inf. constr. לֵאמֹר is the standard hinge introducing reported speech.
2
צַ֚ו אֶת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֶת קָרְבָּנִ֨י לַחְמִ֜י לְאִשַּׁ֗י רֵ֚יחַ נִֽיחֹחִ֔י תִּשְׁמְר֕וּ לְהַקְרִ֥יב לִ֖י בְּמוֹעֲדֽוֹ
Command the sons of Israel and say to them: My offering, my food for my fire offerings, my soothing aroma, you shall take care to offer to me at its appointed time.
The imperative צַו launches Moses' charge to Israel; the divine first-person קָרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי לְאִשַּׁי sets the chapter's premise — Israel's offerings are, anthropomorphically, YHWH's own 'food' — to be brought תִּשְׁמְרוּ ('you shall take care') at each offering's own בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ ('appointed time'), the rubric the rest of the chapter fills in calendrically.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
צַ֚וcommandPiel impv 2ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Imperative (main clause)→ Volitional: a direct commandצִוָּה (H6680), Piel 'to command, charge'; the verb of authoritative instruction from Moses to Israel.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking a definite direct object; untranslated in English.
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (head of construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; here in construct 'sons of Israel' = the nation collectively.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people, addressed collectively as the calendar's recipients.
וְאָמַרְתָּ֖and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Weqatal continuing the imperative sequence→ Weqatal: sequential continuation carrying on the force of the preceding imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the weqatal here continues the force of the initial imperative צַו.
אֲלֵהֶ֑םto themprep + suff 3mp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)אֶל (H413) with 3mp suffix, 'to them' — the addressees, the sons of Israel.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking a definite direct object; untranslated in English.
קָרְבָּנִ֨יmy offeringN m sg constr + suff 1cs · קָרְבָּן (H7133)Direct object (first of three parallel appositives)קָרְבָּן (H7133) 'offering, that which is brought near', from קרב 'to draw near'; with 1cs suffix, YHWH's own first-person claim on the offering.
לַחְמִ֜יmy foodN com sg constr + suff 1cs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object (second appositive, in apposition)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread, food'; the daring anthropomorphism 'my food' names the offering as YHWH's own nourishment — handled honestly rather than allegorized away, though 'fire offering' clarifies it is smoke, not literal eating.
לְאִשַּׁ֗יfor my fire offeringsprep לְ + N m pl constr + suff 1cs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Prepositional phrase in appositionאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering', traditionally linked to אֵשׁ 'fire'; the technical term for whatever is burned on the altar.
רֵ֚יחַaroma ofN m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Construct chain (in apposition)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'scent, aroma'; paired with נִיחֹחַ in the fixed idiom for the offering's divine acceptance.
נִֽיחֹחִ֔יmy soothingN m sg constr + suff 1cs · נִיחֹחַ (H5207)Genitive completing the constructנִיחֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, pleasing', from נוח 'to rest'; רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ is an anthropomorphic idiom for the offering's smoke as pleasing to God — acceptance, not appeasement of wrath.
תִּשְׁמְר֕וּyou shall take careQal impf 2mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Main verb (yiqtol of durative obligation)→ Yiqtol: ongoing obligation — durative, habitual attentivenessשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, watch, take care'; scrupulous attentiveness to the sacrificial schedule.
לְהַקְרִ֥יבto offerprep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Infinitive complementing תִּשְׁמְרוּ→ Infinitive construct: specifies what is to be carefully doneקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, offer'; the technical verb for presenting a sacrifice.
לִ֖יto meprep לְ + suff 1cs · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object of the offering)לְ with 1cs suffix, 'to me' — YHWH as recipient.
בְּמוֹעֲדֽוֹat its appointed timeprep בְּ + N m sg constr + suff 3ms · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Temporal prepositional phraseמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time, fixed season'; each offering has its own מוֹעֵד — the rubric structuring the chapter's whole calendar.
3
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֔ם זֶ֚ה הָֽאִשֶּׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ לַיהוָ֑ה כְּבָשִׂ֨ים בְּנֵֽי שָׁנָ֧ה תְמִימִ֛ם שְׁנַ֥יִם לַיּ֖וֹם עֹלָ֥ה תָמִֽיד
And you shall say to them: This is the fire offering that you shall offer to YHWH: two unblemished year-old lambs per day as a regular burnt offering.
The עֹלַת תָּמִיד — two lambs every day — is the calendar's foundation; every festival set in chs. 28–29 is offered 'besides the regular burnt offering.' תָּמִיד ('continual') gives the daily offering its enduring liturgical name.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Weqatal continuing the command sequence→ Weqatal: sequential continuationאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; resumes the chain of commands from v. 2.
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + suff 3mp · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object)לְ with 3mp suffix, 'to them'.
זֶ֚הthisdem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject of the verbless clause (cataphoric)זֶה (H2088), masc. sg. demonstrative 'this'; points forward to the offering about to be specified.
הָֽאִשֶּׁ֔הthe fire offeringart + N m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Predicate nominativeאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering'; here the fixed daily offering about to be described.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), the all-purpose relative particle, introducing the defining clause.
תַּקְרִ֖יבוּyou shall offerHiphil impf 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: prescriptive/ongoing obligationקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, offer'.
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, marking the recipient of the offering.
כְּבָשִׂ֨יםlambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Predicate / apposition specifying the offeringכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'male lamb'; the standard animal of the daily offering.
בְּנֵֽיyear(-old) ones ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (age idiom)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; בְּנֵי שָׁנָה is the idiom '(year-)old', i.e. yearling.
שָׁנָ֧הa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the age idiomשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; completes בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, 'a year old, yearling'.
תְמִימִ֛םunblemishedadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjective modifying כְּבָשִׂיםתָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, whole, unblemished'; the ritual soundness required of every sacrificial animal.
שְׁנַ֥יִםtwocardinal num m du · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying כְּבָשִׂיםשְׁנַיִם (H8147), dual cardinal 'two'; fixes the daily count at two lambs.
לַיּ֖וֹםfor the dayprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Distributive prepositional phrase ('per day')יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; לַיּוֹם is distributive, 'per day, daily'.
עֹלָ֥הa burnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate nominative (apposition)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt/ascending offering'; the wholly-consumed offering anchoring the entire calendar.
תָמִֽידregular, continualN/adv m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Adverbial modifier of עֹלָה ('the regular burnt offering')תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually, regularly'; names the perpetual daily offering — the base rhythm to which everything else in the chapter is an addition, later a fixed liturgical term ('the Tamid').
4
אֶת הַכֶּ֥בֶשׂ אֶחָ֖ד תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה בַבֹּ֑קֶר וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֥ין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם
The one lamb you shall offer in the morning, and the second lamb you shall offer at twilight.
Fixes the two occasions of the תָּמִיד introduced in v. 3: one lamb בַּבֹּקֶר ('in the morning') and the second בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם ('between the two evenings', twilight) — the base rhythm underlying every other offering in the chapter's calendar.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking a definite direct object; untranslated in English.
הַכֶּ֥בֶשׂthe lambart + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Direct objectכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'male lamb', with the article referring back to the pair introduced in v. 3.
אֶחָ֖דone, the firstcardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral in apposition (distinguishing 'the one')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distinguishes the first of the two daily lambs from the second (v. 4b).
תַּעֲשֶׂ֣הyou shall offerQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; here the generic verb for performing a sacrificial rite, 'offer'.
בַבֹּ֑קֶרin the morningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Temporal prepositional phraseבֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'; the first of the daily offering's two fixed hours.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ joins the second object; אֵת marks it as a definite direct object.
הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂthe lambart + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Direct objectכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'male lamb'; the second of the daily pair.
הַשֵּׁנִ֔יthe secondart + ordinal m sg · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive adjectiveשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second', ordinal of שְׁנַיִם; distinguishes the evening lamb from the morning one.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֖הyou shall offerQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; repeated for the evening offering, paralleling the morning verb.
בֵּ֥יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phrase (temporal, distributive)בֵּין (H996) 'between'; בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם 'between the two evenings' = twilight, the second fixed hour of the תָּמִיד.
הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִםthe two eveningsart + N m dual abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of the preposition (dual, temporal)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; dual הָעַרְבַּיִם 'the two evenings' = twilight, the classic crux for timing the evening offering and later Passover (cf. v. 16; Exod 12:6).
5
וַעֲשִׂירִ֧ית הָאֵיפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת לְמִנְחָ֑ה בְּלוּלָ֛ה בְּשֶׁ֥מֶן כָּתִ֖ית רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין
and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a grain offering, mixed with a quarter of a hin of beaten oil.
The accompanying מִנְחָה: a tenth-ephah (עִשָּׂרוֹן) of סֹלֶת with beaten oil (שֶׁמֶן כָּתִית — the fine pressed oil of Exod 27:20), the fixed grain-and-oil ratio that recurs through the calendar.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַעֲשִׂירִ֧יתand a tenth ofconj + N f sg constr · עֲשִׂירִית (H6224)Apposition continuing v. 4's offering descriptionעֲשִׂירִית (H6224) 'tenth part', ordinal fraction; the standard cereal-offering measure, 'a tenth of an ephah'.
הָאֵיפָ֛הthe ephahart + N f sg abs · אֵיפָה (H374)Genitive completing the constructאֵיפָה (H374) 'ephah', a dry-measure unit (roughly 22 liters); עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה 'a tenth of an ephah' is the fixed grain-offering measure per lamb.
סֹ֖לֶתfine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Apposition specifying the materialסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour, semolina'; the premium wheat flour required for grain offerings.
לְמִנְחָ֑הfor a grain offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Prepositional phrase of purposeמִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain/tribute offering'; the cereal complement that regularly accompanies the burnt offering.
בְּלוּלָ֛הmixedQal pass ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Passive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: a completed state, 'mixed, mingled'בָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'; the flour is mixed with oil before presentation.
בְּשֶׁ֥מֶןwith oilprep בְּ + N m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil', normally olive oil; the standard grain-offering binder.
כָּתִ֖יתbeatenadj m sg abs · כָּתִית (H3795)Attributive adjective modifying שֶׁמֶןכָּתִית (H3795) 'beaten, crushed', from כתת 'to crush'; the finest-grade, hand-pounded olive oil (cf. Exod 27:20).
רְבִיעִ֥תa quarter ofN f sg constr · רְבִיעִית (H7243)Construct chain (measure)רְבִיעִית (H7243) 'a fourth part', ordinal fraction; the standard liquid measure for the oil accompanying each lamb's grain offering.
הַהִֽיןthe hinart + N m sg abs · הִין (H1969)Genitive completing the constructהִין (H1969) 'hin', a liquid-measure unit (roughly 3.6-4 liters); רְבִיעִת הַהִין 'a quarter of a hin' is the standard oil ration per lamb.
6
עֹלַ֖ת תָּמִ֑יד הָעֲשֻׂיָה֙ בְּהַ֣ר סִינַ֔י לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה
It is a regular burnt offering, which was ordained at Mount Sinai for a soothing aroma, a fire offering to the LORD.
The nominal summary עֹלַת תָּמִיד ('a regular burnt offering') closes the description begun in v. 3, and הָעֲשֻׂיָה בְּהַר סִינַי ('which was made at Mount Sinai') grounds the daily rite historically in the Sinai revelation — the same appeal to origin used for the priestly perquisites in Lev 7:37-38.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עֹלַ֖תburnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt/ascending offering', from עלה 'to go up'; wholly consumed on the altar, its smoke ascending to God — the base offering to which the whole calendar is anchored.
תָּמִ֑ידregular, continualN/adv m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Genitive completing the construct עֹלַתתָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually'; עֹלַת תָּמִיד, 'the regular burnt offering', the fixed technical name for this daily rite.
הָעֲשֻׂיָה֙which was madeart + Qal pass ptc f sg · עָשָׂה (H6213)Passive participle in a relative-like attributive clause→ Passive participle: a past, completed institution — 'the one made/ordained'עָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; the passive participle here means 'instituted, ordained', grounding the daily rite at Sinai.
בְּהַ֣רat (the) mountain ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Locative prepositional phraseהַר (H2022) 'mountain'; הַר סִינַי, Mount Sinai, the site of the offering laws' revelation.
סִינַ֔יSinaiN proper · סִינַי (H5514)Genitive of the construct chainסִינַי (H5514), the mountain of revelation; the daily offering's rules are traced back to the founding covenant legislation.
לְרֵ֣יחַfor an aroma ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Prepositional phrase of purpose/resultרֵיחַ (H7381) 'scent, aroma'; introduces the fixed idiom רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, 'soothing aroma'.
נִיחֹ֔חַsoothingN m sg abs · נִיחֹחַ (H5207)Genitive completing the constructנִיחֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, pleasing', from נוח 'to rest'; the anthropomorphic idiom for the smoke's divine acceptance.
אִשֶּׁ֖הa fire offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Apposition summarizing the whole riteאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering'; the summarizing term for the whole daily rite just described.
לַֽיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, marking the recipient of the fire offering.
7
וְנִסְכּוֹ֙ רְבִיעִ֣ת הַהִ֔ין לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד בַּקֹּ֗דֶשׁ הַסֵּ֛ךְ נֶ֥סֶךְ שֵׁכָ֖ר לַיהוָֽה
And its drink offering shall be a quarter of a hin for the one lamb; in the holy place you shall pour out a drink offering of strong drink to the LORD.
Adds the נֶסֶךְ ('poured/drink offering') to the burnt and grain offerings already given, fixing its measure and its unusual designation נֶסֶךְ שֵׁכָר — a genuine crux, since שֵׁכָר elsewhere means 'strong drink, intoxicant' rather than the יַיִן 'wine' used for libations elsewhere (cf. v. 14); most read it as an archaic/poetic synonym for wine rather than literal beer.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְנִסְכּוֹ֙and its drink offeringconj + N m sg constr + suff 3ms · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by הַסֵּךְ)נֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'poured/drink offering', from נסך 'to pour out'; the wine libation completing the burnt-and-grain complex.
רְבִיעִ֣תa quarter ofN f sg constr · רְבִיעִית (H7243)Predicate (measure)רְבִיעִית (H7243) 'a fourth part'; fixes the libation's measure.
הַהִ֔יןthe hinart + N m sg abs · הִין (H1969)Genitive completing the constructהִין (H1969), the standard liquid-measure unit.
לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂfor the lambprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Prepositional phrase (distributive, per lamb)כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'; the per-animal ration.
הָאֶחָ֑דthe one, eachart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (distributive, 'each single lamb')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive here, 'for each single lamb'.
בַּקֹּ֗דֶשׁin the holy placeprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Locative prepositional phraseקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacred place'; the libation is poured out specifically within the sanctuary precinct.
הַסֵּ֛ךְpour outHiphil impv 2ms · הִסֵּיךְ (H5258)Imperative resuming the casus pendens נִסְכּוֹ→ Volitional: a direct commandנָסַךְ (H5258) Hiphil 'to pour out (a libation)'; the verb corresponding to the noun נֶסֶךְ.
נֶ֥סֶךְa drink offering ofN m sg constr · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Direct object (construct chain)נֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'poured offering'; here specifying its material, שֵׁכָר.
שֵׁכָ֖רstrong drinkN m sg abs · שֵׁכָר (H7941)Genitive completing the constructשֵׁכָר (H7941) 'strong drink, intoxicant' (cf. Lev 10:9; Isa 5:11); a genuine crux as the material of the daily נֶסֶךְ — elsewhere the libation is specifically יַיִן 'wine' (v. 14); שֵׁכָר may be a poetic synonym for wine or name a distinct fermented drink offered here.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, marking the recipient of the libation.
8
וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַרְבָּ֑יִם כְּמִנְחַ֨ת הַבֹּ֤קֶר וּכְנִסְכּוֹ֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה
And the second lamb you shall offer at twilight; like the grain offering of the morning and its drink offering you shall offer it, a fire offering, a soothing aroma to the LORD.
Returns to the evening lamb of v. 4 (resumed with וְאֵת הַכֶּבֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִי) to specify that it receives the identical grain and drink offering just detailed for the morning lamb (vv. 5-7) — כְּמִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר, 'like the grain offering of the morning' — closing the daily tamid unit with the fixed formula אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַיהוָה.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ joins to the previous unit; אֵת marks the definite object, resuming the second lamb from v. 4.
הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂthe lambart + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Direct objectכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'male lamb'.
הַשֵּׁנִ֔יthe secondart + ordinal m sg · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive adjectiveשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; identifies the evening lamb, resuming v. 4.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֖הyou shall offerQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, offer'.
בֵּ֣יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phrase (temporal)בֵּין (H996) 'between'; the twilight formula, as in v. 4.
הָֽעַרְבָּ֑יִםthe two eveningsart + N m dual abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of the preposition (dual, temporal)עֶרֶב (H6153) dual, 'the two evenings' = twilight.
כְּמִנְחַ֨תlike the grain offering ofprep כְּ + N f sg constr · מִנְחָה (H4503)Comparative prepositional phraseמִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'; כְּ- 'like, according to' equates the evening grain offering with the morning's (vv. 5-7).
הַבֹּ֤קֶרthe morningart + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Genitive completing the constructבֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'; the reference point already detailed in vv. 5-7.
וּכְנִסְכּוֹ֙and like its drink offeringconj + prep כְּ + N m sg constr + suff 3ms · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate comparative phraseנֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'drink offering'; likewise equated with the morning's ration.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֔הyou shall offerQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb (repeated for closure)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213), repeated to close the evening instruction.
אִשֵּׁ֛הa fire offering,N m sg constr · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Apposition summarizing the riteאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering'; the summarizing formula, as in v. 6.
רֵ֥יחַaroma ofN m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Construct chain (apposition)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'aroma'; part of the fixed acceptance-formula.
נִיחֹ֖חַsoothingN m sg abs · נִיחֹחַ (H5207)Genitive completing the constructנִיחֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, pleasing'.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, closing the formula as in v. 6.
9
וּבְיוֹם֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת שְׁנֵֽי כְבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי שָׁנָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם וּשְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֧לֶת מִנְחָ֛ה בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן וְנִסְכּֽוֹ
And on the Sabbath day: two male lambs a year old without blemish, and two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering, mixed with oil, and its drink offering.
Opens the second calendar unit: the Sabbath offering supplements (not replaces) the daily tamid, simply doubling its own measure — two lambs with a doubled two-tenths grain offering — establishing the recurring principle that each festal addition is calculated as a multiple of the daily unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וּבְיוֹם֙and on the day ofconj + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, new unit)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; construct with הַשַּׁבָּת, opening the Sabbath unit.
הַשַּׁבָּ֔תthe Sabbathart + N com sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Genitive completing the constructשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'Sabbath, rest'; the seventh-day rest, receiving here its own doubled offering.
שְׁנֵֽיtwo ofcardinal num m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, head of chain)שְׁנַיִם (H8147), construct 'two of'; fixes the Sabbath's lamb count.
כְבָשִׂ֥יםlambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the numeralכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'; the same animal as the daily offering.
בְּנֵֽיyear(-old) ones ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (age idiom)בֵּן (H1121); בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, 'a year old, yearling'.
שָׁנָ֖הa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the age idiomשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
תְּמִימִ֑םunblemishedadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjectiveתָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, whole, unblemished'.
וּשְׁנֵ֣יand two ofconj + cardinal num m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, new clause)שְׁנַיִם (H8147), construct; introduces the doubled grain-offering measure.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗יםtenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the numeralעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part' (of an ephah); the standard grain-measure unit, here doubled for the Sabbath's two lambs.
סֹ֧לֶתof fine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Apposition specifying the materialסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour'.
מִנְחָ֛הas a grain offeringN f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Apposition (purpose)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'.
בְּלוּלָ֥הmixedQal pass ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Passive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: a completed state, 'mixed'בָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'.
בַשֶּׁ֖מֶןwith the oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'.
וְנִסְכּֽוֹand its drink offeringconj + N m sg constr + suff 3ms · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate noun phrase (implicit predicate)נֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'drink offering'; its measure is left implicit, presumably matching the daily ration of v. 7.
10
עֹלַ֥ת שַׁבַּ֖ת בְּשַׁבַּתּ֑וֹ עַל עֹלַ֥ת הַתָּמִ֖יד וְנִסְכָּֽהּ
This is the burnt offering of every Sabbath, besides the regular burnt offering and its drink offering.
The nominal summary עֹלַת שַׁבַּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ ('the burnt offering of every Sabbath') closes the unit, and עַל־עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד ('besides the regular burnt offering') states the additive principle structuring the whole chapter: every special-day offering supplements, never replaces, the daily tamid.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עֹלַ֥תburnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate nominative (construct)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'; summarizing the Sabbath addition.
שַׁבַּ֖תthe SabbathN com sg constr · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Genitive completing the constructשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'Sabbath'; שַׁבַּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ, 'each/every Sabbath', a distributive idiom.
בְּשַׁבַּתּ֑וֹon its Sabbathprep בְּ + N com sg constr + suff 3ms · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Distributive prepositional phrase ('each in its own Sabbath')שַׁבָּת (H7676) with suffix; the repetition שַׁבַּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ is a Hebrew distributive idiom, 'every single Sabbath'.
עַלbesidesprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (additive)עַל (H5921) 'upon, besides'; marks addition — this offering is IN ADDITION TO the daily tamid, not instead of it, the principle governing the whole chapter.
עֹלַ֥תthe burnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Genitive of the additive phraseעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering', repeated to name the baseline offering being supplemented.
הַתָּמִ֖ידthe regular oneart + N/adv m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Genitive completing the constructתָּמִיד (H8548) 'continual'; the daily offering of vv. 3-8, the baseline to which every addition in the chapter is calculated.
וְנִסְכָּֽהּand its drink offeringconj + N m sg constr + suff 3fs · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate noun phrase completing the additive formulaנֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'drink offering'; suffix 3fs refers back to feminine עֹלָה/שַׁבָּת.
11
וּבְרָאשֵׁי֙ חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ עֹלָ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה פָּרִ֨ים בְּנֵֽי בָקָ֤ר שְׁנַ֨יִם֙ וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֔ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵי שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם
And at the beginnings of your months you shall offer a burnt offering to YHWH: two bulls from the herd, one ram, seven unblemished year-old lambs,
The רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ set — two bulls, a ram, seven lambs — establishes the festival pattern that Passover, Weeks, and Trumpets will repeat; the month-opening offering marks lunar time as YHWH's.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וּבְרָאשֵׁי֙and at the beginnings ofconj + prep בְּ + N m pl constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, new unit)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'; רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, 'head/beginning of the month' = new moon, the monthly festival.
חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֔םyour monthsN m pl constr + suff 2mp · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive completing the constructחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'; completes the idiom for the new-moon festival.
תַּקְרִ֥יבוּyou shall offerHiphil impf 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, offer'.
עֹלָ֖הa burnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct objectעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'.
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, marking the recipient.
פָּרִ֨יםbullsN m pl abs · פַּר (H6499)Apposition specifying the offeringפַּר (H6499) 'young bull'; the largest, most valuable sacrificial animal, marking the new moon's higher rank than the Sabbath.
בְּנֵֽיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (age/kind idiom)בֵּן (H1121); בְּנֵי בָקָר, 'sons of cattle' = young bulls.
בָקָ֤רcattleN com sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Genitive completing the constructבָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle, herd'; collective noun completing the age idiom.
שְׁנַ֨יִם֙twocardinal num m du · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying פָּרִיםשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
וְאַ֣יִלand a ramconj + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Coordinate appositionאַיִל (H352) 'ram'; the second animal type in the new-moon offering.
אֶחָ֔דonecardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral modifying אַיִלאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; fixes the ram at a single animal.
כְּבָשִׂ֧יםlambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Coordinate appositionכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'; the third animal type.
בְּנֵיyear(-old) ones ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (age idiom)בֵּן (H1121); בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, 'a year old, yearling'.
שָׁנָ֛הa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the age idiomשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
שִׁבְעָ֖הsevencardinal num m sg · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Numeral modifying כְּבָשִׂיםשִׁבְעָה (H7651) 'seven'; the largest lamb-count in the chapter, distinguishing the new moon from the daily and Sabbath offerings.
תְּמִימִֽםunblemishedadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjective (modifying the whole animal list)תָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, unblemished'; applies to all the animals just listed.
12
וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַפָּ֖ר הָאֶחָ֑ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לָאַ֖יִל הָֽאֶחָֽד
and three tenths of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with oil for each bull, and two tenths of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with oil for the one ram,
The fixed grading — three tenths per bull, two per ram — applies mechanically through both calendar chapters; the offering's size tracks the animal's rank.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הand threeconj + cardinal num m sg · שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969)Numeral (new clause)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'; fixes the bull's grain-offering measure.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗יםtenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the numeralעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'; three-tenths per bull, the largest ration in the chapter.
סֹ֤לֶתof fine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Apposition specifying the materialסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour'.
מִנְחָה֙as a grain offeringN f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Apposition (purpose)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'.
בְּלוּלָ֣הmixedQal pass ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Passive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: a completed state, 'mixed'בָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'.
בַשֶּׁ֔מֶןwith the oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'.
לַפָּ֖רfor the bullprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · פַּר (H6499)Prepositional phrase (distributive, per bull)פַּר (H6499) 'bull'; the per-animal ration.
הָאֶחָ֑דthe one, eachart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective ('each single bull')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive, 'for each single bull'.
וּשְׁנֵ֣יand two ofconj + cardinal num m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, new clause)שְׁנַיִם (H8147), construct; the ram's smaller grain ration.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗יםtenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the numeralעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'; two-tenths for the ram, between the bull's three (above) and the lamb's one (v. 13).
סֹ֤לֶתof fine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Apposition specifying the materialסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour'.
מִנְחָה֙as a grain offeringN f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Apposition (purpose)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'.
בְּלוּלָ֣הmixedQal pass ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Passive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: a completed state, 'mixed'בָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'.
בַשֶּׁ֔מֶןwith the oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'.
לָאַ֖יִלfor the ramprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Prepositional phrase (distributive)אַיִל (H352) 'ram'; the per-animal ration.
הָֽאֶחָֽדthe oneart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective ('the single ram')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive, 'for the single ram'.
13
וְעִשָּׂרֹ֣ן עִשָּׂר֗וֹן סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד עֹלָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה
and one tenth of fine flour as a grain offering mixed with oil for each lamb — a burnt offering of soothing aroma, a fire offering to YHWH.
The distributive עִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן ('a tenth, a tenth' = one tenth each) completes the scale, sealed by the רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ formula that runs through the whole priestly cult.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְעִשָּׂרֹ֣ןand a tenthconj + N m sg abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Subject/measure (new clause)עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'; the lamb's single-tenth ration, the smallest in the graduated tariff.
עִשָּׂר֗וֹןa tenthN m sg constr · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Distributive repetition ('a tenth for each one')עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) repeated; the doubling עִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן is a distributive idiom, 'a tenth for each'.
סֹ֤לֶתof fine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Apposition specifying the materialסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour'.
מִנְחָה֙as a grain offeringN f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Apposition (purpose)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'.
בְּלוּלָ֣הmixedQal pass ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Passive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: a completed state, 'mixed'בָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'.
בַשֶּׁ֔מֶןwith the oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'.
לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂfor the lambprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Prepositional phrase (distributive)כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'; the per-animal ration.
הָאֶחָ֑דthe one, eachart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (distributive)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive, 'for each single lamb'.
עֹלָה֙a burnt offering ofN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Apposition summarizing the whole riteעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'; summarizes the whole new-moon animal complex.
רֵ֣יחַaroma ofN m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Construct chain (apposition)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'aroma'.
נִיחֹ֔חַsoothingN m sg abs · נִיחֹחַ (H5207)Genitive completing the constructנִיחֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, pleasing'.
אִשֶּׁ֖הa fire offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Appositionאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering'; the closing summary term, as in vv. 6, 8.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, closing the new-moon unit's fixed formula.
14
וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗ם חֲצִ֣י הַהִין֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לַפָּ֜ר וּשְׁלִישִׁ֧ת הַהִ֣ין לָאַ֗יִל וּרְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִ֛ין לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ יָ֑יִן זֹ֣את עֹלַ֥ת חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ בְּחָדְשׁ֔וֹ לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה
And their drink offerings shall be half a hin of wine for a bull, a third of a hin for the ram, and a quarter of a hin for a lamb. This is the burnt offering of each month throughout the months of the year.
The נֶסֶךְ scale (½–⅓–¼ hin) mirrors the grain grading, and the closing formula ('the burnt offering of the month in its month') stamps the unit as a standing monthly ordinance.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗םand their drink offeringsconj + N m pl constr + suff 3mp · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Subject (new clause)נֶסֶךְ (H5262) plural 'their drink offerings' — the wine libations accompanying each of the three animal types.
חֲצִ֣יhalf ofN m sg constr · חֵצִי (H2677)Predicate (measure, construct)חֵצִי (H2677) 'half'; the largest wine ration, for the bull.
הַהִין֩the hinart + N m sg abs · הִין (H1969)Genitive completing the constructהִין (H1969), the standard liquid-measure unit.
יִהְיֶ֨הit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Main verb (copula of the measure clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive statementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; states the fixed measure as ongoing law.
לַפָּ֜רfor the bullprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · פַּר (H6499)Prepositional phrase (distributive)פַּר (H6499) 'bull'.
וּשְׁלִישִׁ֧תand a third ofconj + N f sg constr · שְׁלִישִׁית (H7992)Predicate (measure, construct, new clause)שְׁלִישִׁית (H7992) 'a third part'; the ram's intermediate wine ration.
הַהִ֣יןthe hinart + N m sg abs · הִין (H1969)Genitive completing the constructהִין (H1969), the standard liquid-measure unit.
לָאַ֗יִלfor the ramprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Prepositional phrase (distributive)אַיִל (H352) 'ram'.
וּרְבִיעִ֥תand a quarter ofconj + N f sg constr · רְבִיעִית (H7243)Predicate (measure, construct, new clause)רְבִיעִית (H7243) 'a fourth part'; the lamb's smallest wine ration, matching v. 7's daily measure.
הַהִ֛יןthe hinart + N m sg abs · הִין (H1969)Genitive completing the constructהִין (H1969), the standard liquid-measure unit.
לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂfor the lambprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Prepositional phrase (distributive)כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'.
יָ֑יִןwineN m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Apposition specifying the materialיַיִן (H3196) 'wine'; the standard libation material, distinct from the שֵׁכָר of v. 7.
זֹ֣אתthisdem pron f sg · זֹאת (H2063)Subject of the closing verbless clauseזֹאת (H2063), fem. sg. demonstrative 'this'; introduces the summary formula closing the new-moon unit.
עֹלַ֥תthe burnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate nominative (construct)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'.
חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙the monthN m sg constr · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive completing the constructחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'.
בְּחָדְשׁ֔וֹin its monthprep בְּ + N m sg constr + suff 3ms · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Distributive prepositional phrase ('each in its own month')חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) with suffix; חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ parallels שַׁבַּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ (v. 10), 'every single month'.
לְחָדְשֵׁ֖יfor the months ofprep לְ + N m pl constr · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Prepositional phrase (temporal scope)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320), plural construct; specifies the scope, 'throughout the months'.
הַשָּׁנָֽהthe yearart + N f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the constructשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the unit, situating the monthly rite within the annual cycle.
15
וּשְׂעִ֨יר עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֛ד לְחַטָּ֖את לַיהוָ֑ה עַל עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ
And one male goat as a sin offering to YHWH; it shall be offered besides the regular burnt offering, with its drink offering.
Each festival set closes with the שְׂעִיר חַטָּאת and the refrain מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד — the festival offerings never displace the daily foundation.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וּשְׂעִ֨ירand a goat ofconj + N m sg constr · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Subject (new clause)שָׂעִיר (H8163) 'hairy one, he-goat'; the standard animal for the sin offering across the chapter's units.
עִזִּ֥יםgoatsN f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Genitive completing the constructעֵז (H5795) 'goat'; שְׂעִיר עִזִּים, 'a goat of the goats' = a male goat.
אֶחָ֛דonecardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral modifying שָׂעִיראֶחָד (H259) 'one'; a single goat, unlike the graduated animal counts of the burnt offering.
לְחַטָּ֖אתfor a sin offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Prepositional phrase of purposeחַטָּאת (H2403) 'sin offering' (also 'sin'); addresses purification, distinct in function from the burnt offering's soothing aroma.
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
עַלbesidesprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (additive)עַל (H5921) 'upon, besides'; restates the additive principle of v. 10.
עֹלַ֧תthe burnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Genitive of the additive phraseעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'.
הַתָּמִ֛ידthe regular oneart + N/adv m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Genitive completing the constructתָּמִיד (H8548) 'continual'; the daily baseline offering.
יֵעָשֶׂ֖הit shall be offeredNiphal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb (passive)→ Niphal yiqtol: prescriptive passive, 'shall be made/offered'עָשָׂה (H6213) Niphal 'to be done, be offered'; passive voice shifts focus from the offerer to the rite itself.
וְנִסְכּֽוֹand its drink offeringconj + N m sg constr + suff 3ms · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate noun phraseנֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'drink offering'; the daily libation, implicitly included in the additive formula.
16
וּבַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ פֶּ֖סַח לַיהוָֽה
And in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, is the LORD's Passover.
Opens the fourth calendar unit with a precise date formula (first month, fourteenth day) fixing פֶּסַח, distinct from the seven-day מַצּוֹת festival that follows in v. 17 — the two originally separate observances already fused into a single complex, as in Lev 23:5-6 and Exod 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּבַחֹ֣דֶשׁand in the monthconj + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, new unit)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'; opens the date formula fixing Passover.
הָרִאשׁ֗וֹןthe firstart + ordinal m sg · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjectiveרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'; the month later called Nisan/Abib.
בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥הon fourteenprep בְּ + cardinal num f sg · אַרְבָּעָה (H702)Temporal prepositional phrase (compound numeral)אַרְבָּעָה (H702) 'four'; combines with עָשָׂר to form 'fourteen'.
עָשָׂ֛ר-teencardinal num m sg · עָשָׂר (H6240)Numeral completing the compound 'fourteen'עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen'; אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, 'fourteen', the fixed date of Passover.
י֖וֹםdayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Apposition (measure word)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes the date formula.
לַחֹ֑דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive-equivalent prepositional phraseחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'; לַחֹדֶשׁ completes the day-count idiom.
פֶּ֖סַחis (the) PassoverN m sg abs · פֶּסַח (H6453)Predicate nominativeפֶּסַח (H6453) 'Passover', from פסח 'to pass over/protect' (Exod 12:13); commemorates the exodus night.
לַיהוָֽהof the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (possessive, 'the LORD's Passover')יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; marks Passover as YHWH's own festival.
17
וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר י֛וֹם לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֖ה חָ֑ג שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים מַצּ֖וֹת יֵאָכֵֽל
And on the fifteenth day of this month is a feast; seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten.
Passover's slaughter (v. 16) passes immediately into the seven-day חַג הַמַּצּוֹת beginning on the fifteenth — the eating ordinance stated impersonally (יֵאָכֵל) as binding custom.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨הand on fifteenconj + prep בְּ + cardinal num f sg · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Temporal prepositional phrase (compound numeral, new clause)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; combines with עָשָׂר to form 'fifteen'.
עָשָׂ֥ר-teencardinal num m sg · עָשָׂר (H6240)Numeral completing the compound 'fifteen'עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen'; חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר, 'fifteen'.
י֛וֹםdayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Apposition (measure word)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
לַחֹ֥דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive-equivalent prepositional phraseחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + dem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative ('this month')זֶה (H2088) 'this'; refers back to the first month of v. 16.
חָ֑גa feastN m sg abs · חַג (H2282)Predicate nominativeחַג (H2282) 'feast, festival', from חגג 'to celebrate, make pilgrimage'; the technical term for the three great pilgrimage festivals.
שִׁבְעַ֣תseven ofcardinal num f sg constr · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Numeral (construct, temporal accusative)שִׁבְעָה (H7651) 'seven'; fixes the festival's duration.
יָמִ֔יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive completing the numeralיוֹם (H3117) plural 'days'; שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, 'seven days'.
מַצּ֖וֹתunleavened breadN f pl abs · מַצָּה (H4682)Subject of the passive clauseמַצָּה (H4682) 'unleavened bread'; eating it recalls the haste of the exodus (Exod 12:39).
יֵאָכֵֽלshall be eatenNiphal impf 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Main verb (passive)→ Niphal yiqtol: prescriptive passive obligationאָכַל (H398) Niphal 'to be eaten'; the festival is defined here by dietary practice rather than a distinct offering.
18
בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא קֹ֑דֶשׁ כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ
On the first day is a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work.
מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ with the ban on מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה ('laborious work') — the festival-rest formula of Lev 23, framing the week's offerings.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הָרִאשׁ֖וֹןthe firstart + ordinal m sg · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjectiveרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'; the first of the seven festival days.
מִקְרָאa calling/convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (construct)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation, assembly', from קרא 'to call'; a day of sacred assembly.
קֹ֑דֶשׁholinessN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the constructקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ, 'a holy convocation'.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (universal quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'any laborious work'.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתwork ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive completing the constructמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; paired with עֲבֹדָה for emphasis.
עֲבֹדָ֖הlaboriousN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the constructעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, labor'; מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'laborious work' — the festival-rest prohibition, less strict than the Sabbath's total cessation (cf. Lev 23:7-8).
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negation of the verbלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle.
תַעֲשֽׂוּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol negated: prohibitive/durativeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; negated, the standard formula prohibiting laborious work.
19
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד וְשִׁבְעָ֤ה כְבָשִׂים֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה תְּמִימִ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם
And you shall offer a fire offering, a burnt offering to YHWH: two bulls from the herd, one ram, and seven year-old lambs; they shall be unblemished for you.
The same two-bulls/ram/seven-lambs set as the new moon, now offered daily through the feast; תְּמִימִם יִהְיוּ לָכֶם makes the flawlessness requirement personal to the offerers.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨םand you shall offerconj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Weqatal continuing the command sequence→ Weqatal: sequential continuationקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, offer'.
אִשֶּׁ֤הa fire offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object (apposition)אִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering'.
עֹלָה֙a burnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Apposition specifying the fire offering's typeעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
פָּרִ֧יםbullsN m pl abs · פַּר (H6499)Apposition specifying the offeringפַּר (H6499) 'young bull'.
בְּנֵיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (age/kind idiom)בֵּן (H1121); בְּנֵי בָקָר, young bulls.
בָקָ֛רcattleN com sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Genitive completing the constructבָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle, herd'.
שְׁנַ֖יִםtwocardinal num m du · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying פָּרִיםשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; matching the new-moon tariff of v. 11.
וְאַ֣יִלand a ramconj + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Coordinate appositionאַיִל (H352) 'ram'.
אֶחָ֑דonecardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral modifying אַיִלאֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
וְשִׁבְעָ֤הand sevenconj + cardinal num m sg · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Numeral (coordinate, new clause)שִׁבְעָה (H7651) 'seven'.
כְבָשִׂים֙lambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the numeralכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'.
בְּנֵ֣יyear(-old) ones ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (age idiom)בֵּן (H1121); בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, 'a year old, yearling'.
שָׁנָ֔הa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the age idiomשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
תְּמִימִ֖םunblemishedadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Predicate adjective (independent clause)תָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, unblemished'; restated here as its own predicate clause rather than a simple attributive.
יִהְי֥וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Main verb of the independent clause→ Yiqtol: prescriptive statementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; states the unblemished requirement as ongoing law.
לָכֶֽםfor youprep + suff 2mp · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of interest)לְ with 2mp suffix, 'for/to you' — addressed to the worshiping community.
20
וּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים לַפָּ֗ר וּשְׁנֵ֧י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֛ים לָאַ֖יִל תַּעֲשֽׂוּ
And their grain offering shall be fine flour mixed with oil; three-tenths for a bull, and two-tenths for the ram you shall offer;
Reuses the new-moon grain tariff of v. 12 (three-tenths per bull, two-tenths per ram) verbatim for the festival offering, reinforcing that the calendar's units share a single underlying measuring system rather than each inventing its own.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔םand their grain offeringconj + N f sg constr + suff 3mp · מִנְחָה (H4503)Subject (new clause)מִנְחָה (H4503) with 3mp suffix, 'their grain offering' — referring back to the animals of v. 19.
סֹ֖לֶתfine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Predicate nominativeסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour'.
בְּלוּלָ֣הmixedQal pass ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Passive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: a completed state, 'mixed'בָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'.
בַשָּׁ֑מֶןwith the oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'.
שְׁלֹשָׁ֨הthreecardinal num m sg · שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969)Numeral (new clause)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'; matching the new-moon tariff of v. 12.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜יםtenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the numeralעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'.
לַפָּ֗רfor the bullprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · פַּר (H6499)Prepositional phrase (distributive)פַּר (H6499) 'bull'.
וּשְׁנֵ֧יand two ofconj + cardinal num m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, new clause)שְׁנַיִם (H8147), construct.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֛יםtenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the numeralעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'.
לָאַ֖יִלfor the ramprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Prepositional phrase (distributive)אַיִל (H352) 'ram'.
תַּעֲשֽׂוּyou shall offerQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, offer'.
21
עִשָּׂר֤וֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים
You shall offer one tenth for each lamb of the seven lambs,
The distributive עִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן again: one tenth per lamb across the seven — the mechanical application of the v. 12–13 scale.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עִשָּׂר֤וֹןa tenthN m sg abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Subject/measure (new clause)עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'.
עִשָּׂרוֹן֙a tenthN m sg abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Distributive repetitionעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) repeated; distributive idiom, 'a tenth for each'.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֔הyou shall offerQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, offer'.
לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂfor the lambprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Prepositional phrase (distributive)כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'.
הָאֶחָ֑דthe one, eachart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (distributive)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive.
לְשִׁבְעַ֖תfor the seven ofprep לְ + cardinal num m sg constr · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Prepositional phrase (scope)שִׁבְעָה (H7651), construct 'seven of'; specifies the total scope of the tariff just applied.
הַכְּבָשִֽׂיםthe lambsart + N m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the constructכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532), plural, referring back to all seven lambs of v. 19.
22
וּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם
and one goat as a sin offering, to make atonement for you.
Uniquely here the goat's purpose is spelled out: לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם — the festival's purgation dimension made explicit.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וּשְׂעִ֥ירand a goat ofconj + N m sg constr · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Subject (new clause)שָׂעִיר (H8163) 'he-goat'.
חַטָּ֖אתsin offeringN f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Genitive completing the construct (apposition of purpose)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'sin offering'.
אֶחָ֑דonecardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral modifying שָׂעִיראֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לְכַפֵּ֖רto make atonementprep לְ + Piel inf constr · כִּפֶּר (H3722)Infinitive of purpose→ Infinitive construct: states the goal/purpose of the sin offeringכָּפַר (H3722) Piel 'to atone, cover, appease'; the sin offering's stated purpose, distinct from the burnt offering's 'soothing aroma'.
עֲלֵיכֶֽםfor youprep עַל + suff 2mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (beneficiary of atonement)עַל (H5921) with 2mp suffix, 'on behalf of, for you'; the community as beneficiary of the atoning rite.
23
מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַבֹּ֔קֶר אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְעֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֑יד תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת אֵֽלֶּה
You shall offer these besides the burnt offering of the morning, which belongs to the regular burnt offering.
The festival set rides on top of the morning tamid — the daily offering is never absorbed into the festival economy.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מִלְּבַד֙besidesprep מִן + prep לְ + N m sg constr · לְבַד (H905)Prepositional phrase (additive/exceptive)לְבַד (H905) 'apart, alone'; מִלְּבַד, 'besides, apart from' — the standard additive formula of the chapter (cf. vv. 10, 15).
עֹלַ֣תthe burnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Genitive of the additive phraseעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'.
הַבֹּ֔קֶרthe morningart + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Genitive completing the constructבֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'; the first of the two daily tamid offerings (v. 4).
אֲשֶׁ֖רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introducing a clause identifying the morning offering with the tamid.
לְעֹלַ֣תbelongs to the burnt offering ofprep לְ + N f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate prepositional phrase (identifying)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'; לְ marks identity/belonging, 'which is (of) the regular burnt offering'.
הַתָּמִ֑ידthe regular oneart + N/adv m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Genitive completing the constructתָּמִיד (H8548) 'continual'; the daily baseline offering, as in v. 3.
תַּעֲשׂ֖וּyou shall offerQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, offer'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking a definite direct object; untranslated in English.
אֵֽלֶּהthesedem pron com pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Direct object (referring to the festival offerings just listed)אֵלֶּה (H428), common pl. demonstrative 'these'; refers back to the offerings of vv. 19-22.
24
כָּאֵ֜לֶּה תַּעֲשׂ֤וּ לַיּוֹם֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים לֶ֛חֶם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָ֑ה עַל עוֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ
Like these you shall offer daily for seven days the food of the fire offering, a soothing aroma to YHWH; it shall be offered besides the regular burnt offering, with its drink offering.
לֶחֶם אִשֵּׁה — 'the food of the fire offering' — the frank anthropomorphism of the cult's table-language (cf. v. 2), each day for seven days, always 'besides the tamid.'
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כָּאֵ֜לֶּהlike theseprep כְּ + dem pron com pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Comparative prepositional phrase (fronted)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these', with כְּ 'like'; refers back to the day's offering just described (vv. 19-23), generalized here to every day of the festival.
תַּעֲשׂ֤וּyou shall offerQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive, distributive/habitual obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, offer'.
לַיּוֹם֙dailyprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Distributive prepositional phrase ('per day')יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; distributive, 'per day, daily'.
שִׁבְעַ֣תseven ofcardinal num f sg constr · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Numeral (temporal accusative, construct)שִׁבְעָה (H7651) 'seven'; fixes the festival's total duration.
יָמִ֔יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive completing the numeralיוֹם (H3117) plural 'days'.
לֶ֛חֶםthe food ofN com sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Apposition (to the whole offering complex)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread, food'; returns to the anthropomorphic language of v. 2, 'YHWH's food'.
אִשֵּׁ֥הthe fire offeringN m sg constr · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Genitive completing the constructאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering'; לֶחֶם אִשֶּׁה, 'food of the fire offering'.
רֵֽיחַan aroma ofN m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Appositionרֵיחַ (H7381) 'aroma'.
נִיחֹ֖חַsoothingN m sg abs · נִיחֹחַ (H5207)Genitive completing the constructנִיחֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, pleasing'.
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
עַלbesidesprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (additive)עַל (H5921) 'upon, besides'; restates the additive principle for the whole festival week.
עוֹלַ֧תthe burnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Genitive of the additive phraseעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering' (spelled עוֹלַת here with plene vav).
הַתָּמִ֛ידthe regular oneart + N/adv m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Genitive completing the constructתָּמִיד (H8548) 'continual'.
יֵעָשֶׂ֖הit shall be offeredNiphal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb (passive)→ Niphal yiqtol: prescriptive passiveעָשָׂה (H6213) Niphal 'to be done, be offered'; as in v. 15.
וְנִסְכּֽוֹand its drink offeringconj + N m sg constr + suff 3ms · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate noun phraseנֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'drink offering'.
25
וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ
And on the seventh day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work.
Mirrors v. 18's rule for the first day, bracketing the seven-day festival with matching rest requirements at both ends, while ordinary work continues on the intervening days.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וּבַיּוֹם֙and on the dayconj + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, new clause)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔יthe seventhart + ordinal m sg · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjectiveשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh'; the last day of the festival, matching v. 18's first day.
מִקְרָאa calling/convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (construct)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation, assembly'.
קֹ֖דֶשׁholinessN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the constructקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ, 'a holy convocation'.
יִהְיֶ֣הit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Main verb (copula)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive statementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
לָכֶ֑םfor youprep + suff 2mp · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of interest)לְ with 2mp suffix, 'for you'.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (universal quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתwork ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive completing the constructמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'.
עֲבֹדָ֖הlaboriousN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the constructעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, labor'; מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, as in v. 18.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negation of the verbלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle.
תַעֲשֽׂוּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol negated: prohibitiveעָשָׂה (H6213), negated, the standard prohibition formula, as in v. 18.
26
וּבְי֣וֹם הַבִּכּוּרִ֗ים בְּהַקְרִ֨יבְכֶ֜ם מִנְחָ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּשָׁבֻעֹ֖תֵיכֶ֑ם מִֽקְרָא קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ
And on the day of firstfruits, when you offer a new grain offering to the LORD in your Feast of Weeks, you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work.
Opens the fifth and final calendar unit, the one-day festival of בִּכּוּרִים ('firstfruits'), dated relatively (fifty days after the sheaf-offering of Lev 23:15-16, hence שָׁבֻעֹת 'Weeks') rather than by a fixed calendar date like Passover or new moon — the only festival in the chapter defined by an offering-event rather than a day-count.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וּבְי֣וֹםand on the day ofconj + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, new unit)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; construct with הַבִּכּוּרִים, opening the Firstfruits unit.
הַבִּכּוּרִ֗יםthe firstfruitsart + N com pl abs · בִּכּוּרִים (H1061)Genitive completing the constructבִּכּוּרִים (H1061) 'firstfruits', from בכר 'to be first/firstborn'; the day marking the grain harvest's beginning, later called Shavuot/Pentecost.
בְּהַקְרִ֨יבְכֶ֜םwhen you offerprep בְּ + Hiphil inf constr + suff 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Temporal infinitive clause ('when/as you bring')→ Infinitive construct: a temporal clause defining the day by the offering-event itselfקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil, infinitival with suffix; unlike other festivals dated by calendar day, this one is defined by the offering-event.
מִנְחָ֤הa grain offeringN f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Direct object of the infinitiveמִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'; here specifically the new-grain offering of the harvest's firstfruits.
חֲדָשָׁה֙newadj f sg abs · חָדָשׁ (H2319)Attributive adjective modifying מִנְחָהחָדָשׁ (H2319) 'new'; the first grain of the new harvest, distinguishing this מִנְחָה from the daily/festal grain offerings already prescribed.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
בְּשָׁבֻעֹ֖תֵיכֶ֑םin your Feast of Weeksprep בְּ + N f pl constr + suff 2mp · שָׁבוּעַ (H7620)Temporal prepositional phraseשָׁבוּעַ (H7620) 'week'; שָׁבֻעֹת, 'Weeks', names the festival by its fifty-day countdown from the sheaf-offering (Lev 23:15-16) — the origin of the later Greek name 'Pentecost' ('fiftieth').
מִֽקְרָאa calling/convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (construct)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation, assembly'.
קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙holinessN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the constructקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'.
יִהְיֶ֣הit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Main verb (copula)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive statementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
לָכֶ֔םfor youprep + suff 2mp · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of interest)לְ with 2mp suffix, 'for you'.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (universal quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתwork ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive completing the constructמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'.
עֲבֹדָ֖הlaboriousN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the constructעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, labor'.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negation of the verbלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle.
תַעֲשֽׂוּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol negated: prohibitiveעָשָׂה (H6213), negated, closing the third rest-day formula in the chapter (cf. vv. 18, 25).
27
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עוֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד שִׁבְעָ֥ה כְבָשִׂ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָֽה
And you shall offer a burnt offering for a soothing aroma to YHWH: two bulls from the herd, one ram, seven year-old lambs,
The day of בִּכּוּרִים (v. 26) receives the standard festival set — the same architecture, now marking the wheat harvest's first yield.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨םand you shall offerconj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Weqatal continuing the command sequence→ Weqatal: sequential continuationקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, offer'.
עוֹלָ֜הa burnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct objectעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering' (plene spelling עוֹלָה).
לְרֵ֤יחַfor an aroma ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Prepositional phrase of purpose/resultרֵיחַ (H7381) 'aroma'.
נִיחֹ֨חַ֙soothingN m sg abs · נִיחֹחַ (H5207)Genitive completing the constructנִיחֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, pleasing'.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
פָּרִ֧יםbullsN m pl abs · פַּר (H6499)Apposition specifying the offeringפַּר (H6499) 'young bull'.
בְּנֵיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chainבֵּן (H1121); בְּנֵי בָקָר, young bulls.
בָקָ֛רcattleN com sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Genitive completing the constructבָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle, herd'.
שְׁנַ֖יִםtwocardinal num m du · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying פָּרִיםשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; the identical count as vv. 11, 19.
אַ֣יִלa ramN m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Coordinate appositionאַיִל (H352) 'ram'.
אֶחָ֑דonecardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral modifying אַיִלאֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
שִׁבְעָ֥הsevencardinal num m sg · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Numeral (coordinate)שִׁבְעָה (H7651) 'seven'; the identical count as vv. 11, 19.
כְבָשִׂ֖יםlambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the numeralכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'.
בְּנֵ֥יyear(-old) ones ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (age idiom)בֵּן (H1121); בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, 'a year old, yearling'.
שָׁנָֽהa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the age idiomשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
28
וּמִנְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֣ר הָֽאֶחָ֔ד שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים לָאַ֖יִל הָאֶחָֽד
and their grain offering, fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths for each bull, two-tenths for the one ram,
Repeats the identical grain-offering tariff of vv. 12, 20 verbatim (three-tenths per bull, two-tenths per ram), completing the pattern that the Firstfruits offering-set is simply the standard festival tariff transplanted to a new occasion.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּמִנְחָתָ֔םand their grain offeringconj + N f sg constr + suff 3mp · מִנְחָה (H4503)Subject (new clause)מִנְחָה (H4503) with 3mp suffix, 'their grain offering'.
סֹ֖לֶתfine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Predicate nominativeסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour'.
בְּלוּלָ֣הmixedQal pass ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Passive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: a completed state, 'mixed'בָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'.
בַשָּׁ֑מֶןwith the oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'.
שְׁלֹשָׁ֤הthreecardinal num m sg · שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969)Numeral (new clause)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'; the identical tariff of vv. 12, 20.
עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙tenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the numeralעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'.
לַפָּ֣רfor the bullprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · פַּר (H6499)Prepositional phrase (distributive)פַּר (H6499) 'bull'.
הָֽאֶחָ֔דthe one, eachart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (distributive)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive.
שְׁנֵי֙two ofcardinal num m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, new clause)שְׁנַיִם (H8147), construct.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔יםtenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the numeralעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'.
לָאַ֖יִלfor the ramprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Prepositional phrase (distributive)אַיִל (H352) 'ram'.
הָאֶחָֽדthe oneart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (distributive)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive.
29
עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים
a tenth for each lamb of the seven lambs,
The distributive tenth-per-lamb completes Weeks' grain grading on the fixed scale.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עִשָּׂרוֹן֙a tenthN m sg abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Subject/measure (new clause)עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'tenth-part'.
עִשָּׂר֔וֹןa tenthN m sg abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Distributive repetitionעִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) repeated; distributive idiom, as in v. 21.
לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂfor the lambprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Prepositional phrase (distributive)כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'.
הָאֶחָ֑דthe one, eachart + cardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (distributive)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributive.
לְשִׁבְעַ֖תfor the seven ofprep לְ + cardinal num m sg constr · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Prepositional phrase (scope)שִׁבְעָה (H7651), construct 'seven of'; specifies the scope, as in v. 21.
הַכְּבָשִֽׂיםthe lambsart + N m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the constructכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532), plural, referring back to all seven lambs of v. 27.
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שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם
one male goat, to make atonement for you.
The unit's שְׂעִיר with the atonement purpose, matching v. 22.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
שְׂעִ֥ירa goat ofN m sg constr · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Subject (verbless clause)שָׂעִיר (H8163) 'he-goat'; here without the conjunction וְ that opened the parallel clauses in vv. 15, 22, tightening the link to the preceding grain-offering list.
עִזִּ֖יםgoatsN f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Genitive completing the constructעֵז (H5795) 'goat'; שְׂעִיר עִזִּים, a male goat.
אֶחָ֑דonecardinal num m sg · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral modifying שָׂעִיראֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לְכַפֵּ֖רto make atonementprep לְ + Piel inf constr · כִּפֶּר (H3722)Infinitive of purpose→ Infinitive construct: states the goal of the sin offeringכָּפַר (H3722) Piel 'to atone, cover, appease'; as in v. 22.
עֲלֵיכֶֽםfor youprep עַל + suff 2mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (beneficiary)עַל (H5921) with 2mp suffix, 'for you'; closing formula identical to v. 22.
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מִלְּבַ֞ד עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד וּמִנְחָת֖וֹ תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיוּ לָכֶ֖ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם
You shall offer them besides the regular burnt offering and its grain offering — they shall be unblemished for you — with their drink offerings.
The closing verse binds Weeks' set to the tamid and its minchah, with the flawlessness and libation requirements carried in a final parenthesis — the chapter's architecture in miniature.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מִלְּבַ֞דbesidesprep מִן + prep לְ + N m sg constr · לְבַד (H905)Prepositional phrase (additive)לְבַד (H905) 'apart, alone'; מִלְּבַד, the chapter's recurring additive formula (cf. vv. 10, 15, 23).
עֹלַ֧תthe burnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Genitive of the additive phraseעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering'.
הַתָּמִ֛ידthe regular oneart + N/adv m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Genitive completing the constructתָּמִיד (H8548) 'continual'; the daily baseline offering closing the chapter as it opened it (v. 3).
וּמִנְחָת֖וֹand its grain offeringconj + N f sg constr + suff 3ms · מִנְחָה (H4503)Coordinate noun phrase (additive)מִנְחָה (H4503) with 3ms suffix, 'its grain offering' — the daily tamid's own מִנְחָה (v. 5).
תַּעֲשׂ֑וּyou shall offerQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Main verb→ Yiqtol: prescriptive obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, offer'.
תְּמִימִ֥םunblemishedadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Predicate adjective (independent clause)תָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, unblemished'; the requirement restated one final time, as in v. 19.
יִהְיוּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Main verb of the independent clause→ Yiqtol: prescriptive statementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
לָכֶ֖םfor youprep + suff 2mp · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of interest)לְ with 2mp suffix, 'for you'.
וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽםand their drink offeringsconj + N m pl constr + suff 3mp · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate noun phrase closing the chapterנֶסֶךְ (H5262), plural with 3mp suffix, 'their drink offerings' — the chapter's final word, leaving the calendar to continue directly into ch. 29's autumn festivals.