Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 11במדבר 11

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The people crave meat over the manna, spreading from a mixed 'rabble' to all Israel; unable to bear the burden alone, Moses is answered when YHWH's spirit rests on seventy elders — and on Eldad and Medad in the camp — to share his load. A flood of quail gluts the craving until a plague strikes, naming the place Kibroth-hattaavah, 'graves of craving.'

Translation & textual notes

Numbers 11 is textually stable in the MT, transmitted with the usual minor Masoretic notations (e.g., the extraordinary reading אַתְּ for expected אַתָּה in v.15, and the defective/plene spellings typical of the tribe) but without major variants affecting sense; the LXX and Samaritan Pentateuch track the Hebrew closely, though the LXX occasionally smooths the terse verbless clauses of vv.6-7. The chapter interlaces two complaint-and-judgment cycles - the inarticulate grumbling that kindles fire at Taberah (vv.1-3) and the craving for meat that ends in plague at Kibroth-hattaavah (vv.4-35) - joined by Moses' own crisis of leadership (vv.10-15) and YHWH's remedy of seventy Spirit-endowed elders (vv.16-30). Two etiological place-names bracket the whole (תַּבְעֵרָה 'burning,' v.3; קִבְרוֹת הַתַּאֲוָה 'graves of craving,' v.34), each explained by wordplay on the preceding narrative (בער 'burn'; אוה 'crave'). The Eldad-and-Medad episode (vv.26-29) functions as a deliberate counterpoint within the unit: its egalitarian prophetic vision (מִי יִתֵּן כָּל עַם יְהוָה נְבִיאִים, v.29) is later read as anticipated at Pentecost (Acts 2:17-18, via Joel 2:28-29). Source critics commonly assign the elders-and-spirit material to an earlier (JE-type) tradition secondarily woven with the quail/plague complaint, on the grounds of the narrative seams at vv.16 and v.18, though the MT presents the whole as a single coherent composition.

1

וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמִתְאֹ֣נְנִ֔ים רַ֖ע בְּאָזְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ וַיִּ֣חַר אַפּ֔וֹ וַתִּבְעַר בָּם֙ אֵ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה וַתֹּ֖אכַל בִּקְצֵ֥ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה

And the people were like those complaining of evil in the ears of YHWH; and YHWH heard, and his anger burned, and the fire of YHWH burned among them and consumed the edge of the camp.

Narrative openingasyndeton
Opens the chapter's first complaint-cycle: the people's inarticulate grumbling triggers a chain of divine hearing, anger, and consuming fire at the camp's edge, establishing the pattern (complaint, wrath, judgment, intercession) that structures the whole chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְהִ֤יand it happenedQal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol opening narrative→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, introducing the sceneהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; here impersonal, introducing a new narrative situation - the people were in a state of complaining.
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of וַיְהִיעַם (H5971) 'people, nation'; here Israel collectively, subject of the chapter's complaints.
כְּמִתְאֹ֣נְנִ֔יםlike ones complainingprep כְּ + Hitpolel ptc mp · אָנַן (H596)Predicate complement (comparative, with וַיְהִי)→ Participle: durative, characterizing the people's habitual grumblingאָנַן (H596) Hitpolel 'to complain, murmur'; a rare root (elsewhere only Lam 3:39) for bitter grumbling against God.
רַ֖עevil, illAdj m sg abs · רַע (H7451)Adverbial accusative modifying the complaintרַע (H7451) 'evil, bad, misfortune'; adverbial here, describing the complaint's tenor as ill-sounding in YHWH's ears.
בְּאָזְנֵ֣יin the ears ofprep בְּ + N f dual constr · אֹזֶן (H241)Locative/perceptual prepositional phraseאֹזֶן (H241) 'ear'; the idiom 'in the ears of YHWH' pictures the complaint audibly reaching God (cf. Num 14:28).
יְהוָ֑הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition (the one who hears the complaint)יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, the Tetragrammaton.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֤עand he heardQal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - YHWH's immediate responseשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'; perceiving and responding to the complaint, setting off the chain of anger and fire.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיִּשְׁמַעיְהוָה (H3068); repetition of the name rather than a pronoun underscores the gravity of the divine response.
וַיִּ֣חַרand it burnedQal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - anger flaresחָרָה (H2734) 'to burn, be hot'; idiomatically of anger; the same root supplies the wordplay with the literal fire (אֵשׁ) that follows.
אַפּ֔וֹhis nose/angerN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אַף (H639)Subject of וַיִּחַראַף (H639) 'nose, nostril', idiomatically 'anger' (flared nostrils as a sign of fury); construct with 3ms suffix, 'his anger'.
וַתִּבְעַרand it burnedQal wayyiqtol 3fs · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - metaphorical anger becomes literal fireבָּעַר (H1197) 'to burn, consume'; deliberately echoes חָרָה just used of anger - YHWH's wrath materializes as flame.
בָּם֙among themprep בְּ + 3mp suffixLocative prepositional phrase (among the people)
אֵ֣שׁfire ofN com sg constr · אֵשׁ (H784)Subject of וַתִּבְעַר (construct chain)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'; in construct with יְהוָה, 'the fire of YHWH' - a theophanic, judicial fire (cf. Lev 10:2).
יְהוָ֔הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chain אֵשׁ יְהוָהיְהוָה (H3068); the fire is characterized as belonging to/sent by YHWH himself.
וַתֹּ֖אכַלand it consumedQal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - the fire's destructive effectאָכַל (H398) 'to eat, consume'; of fire, 'devoured' - grimly anticipates the eating/food theme dominating the chapter.
בִּקְצֵ֥הat the edge ofprep בְּ + N com sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Locative prepositional phraseקָצֶה (H7097) 'end, edge, extremity'; the fire strikes the periphery, perhaps sparing the tabernacle at the center.
הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽהthe campart + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Object of preposition (genitive of location)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; Israel's traveling encampment around the tabernacle.
2

וַיִּצְעַ֥ק הָעָ֖ם אֶל מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל יְהוָ֔ה וַתִּשְׁקַ֖ע הָאֵֽשׁ

And the people cried out to Moses, and Moses prayed to YHWH, and the fire subsided.

Narrative continuation - resolutionasyndeton
Resolves the Taberah episode: crisis-cry, mediatorial prayer, and the fire's abating model the pattern of intercession that recurs implicitly through the chapter, contrasting with the unresolved craving-complaint to follow.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּצְעַ֥קand he cried outQal wayyiqtol 3ms · צָעַק (H6817)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - the people's distress cryצָעַק (H6817) 'to cry out, cry for help'; a legitimate cry for help, distinct from the later grumbling.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of וַיִּצְעַקעַם (H5971) 'people'; see v.1.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (goal)
מֹשֶׁ֑הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition (addressee)מֹשֶׁה (H4872), Israel's leader and mediator; the people's crisis-cry goes to him, not directly to YHWH.
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֤לand he prayedHitpael wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּלַל (H6419)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - Moses' intercessionפָּלַל (H6419) Hitpael 'to intercede, pray'; Moses as intercessor, the first of several intercessory acts in the chapter.
מֹשֶׁה֙Mosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיִּתְפַּלֵּלמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; here as the one interceding on the people's behalf.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (goal)
יְהוָ֔הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of prepositionיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; the object of Moses' intercessory prayer.
וַתִּשְׁקַ֖עand it subsidedQal wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׁקַע (H8257)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - resolution of the crisisשָׁקַע (H8257) 'to sink, subside, abate'; the fire dying down, the effect of Moses' intercession.
הָאֵֽשׁthe fireart + N com sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Subject of וַתִּשְׁקַעאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'; the fire of YHWH from v.1.
3

וַיִּקְרָ֛א שֵֽׁם הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא תַּבְעֵרָ֑ה כִּֽי בָעֲרָ֥ה בָ֖ם אֵ֥שׁ יְהוָֽה

And he called the name of that place Taberah, because the fire of YHWH burned among them.

Etiological conclusionasyndeton
Closes the Taberah unit (vv.1-3) with the standard place-name etymology formula, permanently marking the site of Israel's first post-Sinai complaint and fiery judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּקְרָ֛אand he calledQal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - the etiological namingקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; introduces an etymological place-name notice, recurring in Numbers (cf. v.34).
שֵֽׁםname ofN m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct object (construct chain)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; in construct, the object of the naming.
הַמָּק֥וֹםthe placeart + N m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Genitive in construct chainמָקוֹם (H4725) 'place'.
הַה֖וּאthatart + independent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַמָּקוֹםהוּא (H1931) with article functions as demonstrative 'that (aforementioned)'.
תַּבְעֵרָ֑הTaberahproper noun · תַּבְעֵרָה (H8404)Predicate nominative (the name given)תַּבְעֵרָה (H8404) 'burning'; formed from the root בער 'to burn', explained by the following כִּי-clause - 'Burning-place'.
כִּֽיbecauseconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, causal (etiology)כִּי (H3588) causal 'because'; introduces the etymological explanation for the place-name.
בָעֲרָ֥הit burnedQal perf 3fs · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (subordinate causal clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act grounding the namingבָּעַר (H1197) 'to burn'; same root as the place-name תַּבְעֵרָה, making the etymology explicit.
בָ֖םamong themprep בְּ + 3mp suffixLocative prepositional phrase
אֵ֥שׁfire ofN com sg constr · אֵשׁ (H784)Subject of בָעֲרָה (construct chain)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'; construct with יְהוָה as in v.1.
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chainיְהוָה (H3068); repeats the construct 'fire of YHWH' from v.1, confirming the etiology.
4

וְהָֽאסַפְסֻף֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ הִתְאַוּ֖וּ תַּאֲוָ֑ה וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ וַיִּבְכּ֗וּ גַּ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מִ֥י יַאֲכִלֵ֖נוּ בָּשָֽׂר

And the rabble that was among them felt a craving; and the sons of Israel also wept again and said, 'Who will feed us meat?'

New episode, coordinated with precedingוְ
Opens the central complaint-cycle of the chapter: the 'rabble' (non-Israelite hangers-on) instigate a craving for meat that spreads to Israel itself, framed by the figura etymologica הִתְאַוּוּ תַּאֲוָה that will echo in the place-name Kibroth-hattaavah.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהָֽאסַפְסֻף֙and the rabbleconj וְ + art + N m sg abs · אֲסַפְסֻף (H628)Subject of הִתְאַוּוּאֲסַפְסֻף (H628) 'rabble, mixed multitude'; hapax legomenon from אסף 'to gather' - the motley crowd that had joined Israel from Egypt (cf. 'mixed multitude' Exod 12:38), instigators of the craving.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhorelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing subordinate clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who/which/that'.
בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹwas in its midstprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · קֶרֶב (H7130)Locative predicate of relative clauseקֶרֶב (H7130) 'midst, inward part'; with 3ms suffix referring to the (collective) people, 'in its/their midst'.
הִתְאַוּ֖וּthey cravedHitpael perf 3cp · אָוָה (H183)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act initiating the episode - the onset of cravingאָוָה (H183) Hitpael 'to desire strongly, crave, lust after'; paired with cognate accusative תַּאֲוָה for emphasis - 'they craved a craving', driving the chapter's central appetite.
תַּאֲוָ֑הa cravingN f sg abs · תַּאֲוָה (H8378)Cognate accusative (internal object of הִתְאַוּוּ)תַּאֲוָה (H8378) 'desire, craving, lust'; cognate to הִתְאַוּוּ, forming a figura etymologica that supplies the later place-name קִבְרוֹת הַתַּאֲוָה (v.34).
וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּand they returned/againQal wayyiqtol 3mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb, auxiliary (adverbial 'again')→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, functioning adverbiallyשׁוּב (H7725) 'to return, turn back'; verbal hendiadys with וַיִּבְכּוּ, 'they wept again/once more'.
וַיִּבְכּ֗וּand they weptQal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - the people's mourning-complaintבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; expresses the emotional register of the craving, matching vv.10,13,18,20.
גַּ֚םalso, evenadverb · גַּם (H1571)Focus/additive particleגַּם (H1571) 'also, even'; underscores that not just the rabble but the sons of Israel too joined the weeping.
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct chain, resumptive with the rabble)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Israel' = the Israelites proper.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive in construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people's name.
וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּand they saidQal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause), introducing direct speech→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces the people's quoted complaint.
מִ֥יwhointerrogative pron · מִי (H4310)Interrogative pronoun, subject of יַאֲכִלֵנוּמִי (H4310) interrogative 'who?'; rhetorical, expressing longing - 'who will give us meat to eat!'
יַאֲכִלֵ֖נוּwill feed usHiphil impf 3ms + 1cp suffix · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal - a wished-for future actאָכַל (H398) Hiphil 'to feed, cause to eat'; the causative stem shifts to 'give food to'.
בָּשָֽׂרmeatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object of יַאֲכִלֵנוּבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, meat'; the chapter's central craved commodity, contrasted with the manna.
5

זָכַ֨רְנוּ֙ אֶת הַדָּגָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר נֹאכַ֥ל בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם חִנָּ֑ם אֵ֣ת הַקִּשֻּׁאִ֗ים וְאֵת֙ הָֽאֲבַטִּחִ֔ים וְאֶת הֶחָצִ֥יר וְאֶת הַבְּצָלִ֖ים וְאֶת הַשּׁוּמִֽים

We remember the fish we used to eat in Egypt for free, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic.

Direct speech continuation (quoted complaint)asyndeton
Continues the people's quoted complaint (embedded under לֵאמֹר of v.4) with a nostalgic catalogue of Egyptian food, rhetorically contrasting remembered abundance with present want; calling slave-rations 'free' (חִנָּם) exposes the distortion of memory under craving.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
זָכַ֨רְנוּ֙we rememberQal perf 1cp · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a stative/experiential recollection, present-state forceזָכַר (H2142) 'to remember'; perfect with present-stative force, 'we (still) recall'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַדָּגָ֔הthe fishart + N f sg abs · דָּגָה (H1710)Direct object of זָכַרְנוּדָּגָה (H1710) 'fish' (collective); Egypt's Nile abundance, first item of the nostalgic food-list.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing subordinate clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'which'; introduces the habitual relative clause נֹאכַל בְּמִצְרַיִם חִנָּם, 'which we used to eat in Egypt for free'.
נֹאכַ֥לwe would eatQal impf 1cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (relative clause), habitual→ Yiqtol: imperfective - habitual past action, 'used to eat'אָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; imperfect of habitual past action.
בְּמִצְרַ֖יִםin Egyptprep בְּ + proper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Locative prepositional phraseמִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt', the land of former bondage now recalled with longing.
חִנָּ֑םfor freeadverb · חִנָּם (H2600)Adverbial modifier of נֹאכַלחִנָּם (H2600) 'freely, for nothing, gratis'; ironic, since the 'free' fish came at the cost of slavery - the people idealize captivity.
אֵ֣ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (resumptive, second object)
הַקִּשֻּׁאִ֗יםthe cucumbersart + N f pl abs · קִשֻּׁא (H7180)Direct object (coordinate with הַדָּגָה)קִשֻּׁא (H7180) 'cucumber'; hapax legomenon, second item in the food-list.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
הָֽאֲבַטִּחִ֔יםthe melonsart + N m pl abs · אֲבַטִּיחַ (H20)Direct objectאֲבַטִּיחַ (H20) 'melon, watermelon'; hapax legomenon.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
הֶחָצִ֥ירthe leeksart + N m sg abs · חָצִיר (H2682)Direct objectחָצִיר (H2682) 'leek, grass'; here the vegetable leek (cf. Isa 15:6 'grass').
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
הַבְּצָלִ֖יםthe onionsart + N m pl abs · בָּצָל (H1211)Direct objectבָּצָל (H1211) 'onion'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
הַשּׁוּמִֽיםthe garlicart + N m pl abs · שׁוּם (H7762)Direct objectשׁוּם (H7762) 'garlic'; hapax legomenon, closing item of the five-fold Egyptian vegetable list.
6

וְעַתָּ֛ה נַפְשֵׁ֥נוּ יְבֵשָׁ֖ה אֵ֣ין כֹּ֑ל בִּלְתִּ֖י אֶל הַמָּ֥ן עֵינֵֽינוּ

But now our appetite is dried up; there is nothing at all - our eyes see nothing but this manna.

Adversative continuation of complaintוְ
The complaint pivots from nostalgic memory (v.5) to present bitterness: a triad of terse verbless clauses (dried appetite, nothing at all, eyes on manna alone) conveys exhausted monotony without a single main verb, mimicking the flatness of the diet complained about.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְעַתָּ֛הand nowconj וְ + adverb · עַתָּה (H6258)Adversative/temporal adverb, marking a shiftעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; marks a rhetorical turn from remembered abundance to present deprivation.
נַפְשֵׁ֥נוּour throat/appetiteN com sg constr + 1cp suffix · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Subject of יְבֵשָׁהנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, throat, appetite, life'; concretely 'appetite' here - 'our appetite is dried up', we have lost all relish for food.
יְבֵשָׁ֖הdried upAdj f sg abs · יָבֵשׁ (H3002)Predicate adjective (verbless clause)יָבֵשׁ (H3002) 'dry, withered'; metaphor for an appetite parched/exhausted by nothing but manna.
אֵ֣יןthere is notnegative particle · אַיִן (H369)Negative existential predicatorאַיִן (H369), particle of non-existence, 'there is not'.
כֹּ֑לanythingN m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Subject of the existential clauseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, everything'; with אֵין, 'there is nothing (else to eat)'.
בִּלְתִּ֖יexceptconj · בִּלְתִּי (H1115)Restrictive/exceptive conjunctionבִּלְתִּי (H1115) 'except, besides, only'; restricts the object of sight/diet to the manna alone.
אֶלtowardprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase governing עֵינֵינוּ
הַמָּ֥ןthe mannaart + N m sg abs · מָן (H4478)Object of prepositionמָן (H4478) 'manna'; the wilderness bread of Exod 16, described further in vv.7-9; the sole item left for the people's diet.
עֵינֵֽינוּour eyesN com dual constr + 1cp suffix · עַיִן (H5869)Subject (fronted, resumed by the preceding phrase) of the verbless clauseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; 'our eyes are fixed on nothing but the manna' - a vivid complaint of monotony.
7

וְהַמָּ֕ן כִּזְרַע גַּ֖ד ה֑וּא וְעֵינ֖וֹ כְּעֵ֥ין הַבְּדֹֽלַח

Now the manna was like coriander seed, and its appearance was like the appearance of bdellium.

Narrator's descriptive asideוְ
The narrator interrupts the people's quoted complaint to describe the manna objectively (vv.7-9), corroborating rather than contradicting their monotony-complaint, before returning to Moses' reaction in v.10.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְהַמָּ֕ןand the mannaconj וְ + art + N m sg abs · מָן (H4478)Subject (topic) of verbless clauseמָן (H4478) 'manna'; topicalized to introduce the narrator's descriptive aside on its appearance (vv.7-9).
כִּזְרַעlike the seed ofprep כְּ + N m sg constr · זֶרַע (H2233)Predicate (comparative prepositional phrase, construct chain)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'; construct with גַּד, 'coriander seed' - a small round comparandum for the manna's shape.
גַּ֖דcorianderN m sg abs · גַּד (H1407)Genitive in construct chainגַּד (H1407) 'coriander' (Coriandrum sativum); its small round seeds furnish the visual comparison (cf. Exod 16:31).
ה֑וּאit (was)independent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject pronoun resuming הַמָּן / copulaהוּא (H1931), 3ms independent pronoun functioning as copula 'it was'.
וְעֵינ֖וֹand its appearanceconj וְ + N com sg constr + 3ms suffix · עַיִן (H5869)Subject of second verbless clauseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye', by extension 'appearance, sheen' (as in Lev 13); 'its appearance/luster'.
כְּעֵ֥יןlike the appearance ofprep כְּ + N com sg constr · עַיִן (H5869)Predicate (comparative prepositional phrase, construct chain)עַיִן (H5869) again 'appearance'; construct with הַבְּדֹלַח.
הַבְּדֹֽלַחthe bdelliumart + N m sg abs · בְּדֹלַח (H916)Genitive in construct chainבְּדֹלַח (H916) 'bdellium'; a pale, aromatic resin or crystal, describing the manna's whitish translucent color (cf. Gen 2:12).
8

שָׁטוּ֩ הָעָ֨ם וְלָֽקְט֜וּ וְטָחֲנ֣וּ בָרֵחַ֗יִם א֤וֹ דָכוּ֙ בַּמְּדֹכָ֔ה וּבִשְּׁלוּ֙ בַּפָּר֔וּר וְעָשׂ֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ עֻג֑וֹת וְהָיָ֣ה טַעְמ֔וֹ כְּטַ֖עַם לְשַׁ֥ד הַשָּֽׁמֶן

The people would go about and gather it, grind it in handmills or beat it in mortars, boil it in pots, and make it into cakes; and its taste was like the taste of rich cream.

Narrator's descriptive aside, continuedasyndeton
A five-verb chain of habitual weqatal forms details the daily labor of processing manna, reinforcing - against the people's complaint - that it was in fact versatile and rich-tasting, subtly undercutting the rhetoric of vv.4-6.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
שָׁטוּ֩they went aboutQal perf 3cp · שׁוּט (H7751)Predicate verb (main clause), habitual→ Perfective used with iterative/habitual force: a repeated, customary actionשׁוּט (H7751) 'to go about, roam'; describes the people's daily foraging routine for manna.
הָעָ֨םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of שָׁטוּעַם (H5971) 'people'; subject of the manna-gathering routine.
וְלָֽקְט֜וּand gatheredQal weqatal 3cp · לָקַט (H3950)Predicate verb, continuing the habitual sequence→ Weqatal: continuing the habitual/customary seriesלָקַט (H3950) 'to gather, glean'; the act of collecting the manna each day.
וְטָחֲנ֣וּand groundQal weqatal 3cp · טָחַן (H2912)Predicate verb, continuing the habitual sequence→ Weqatal: continuing the habitual seriesטָחַן (H2912) 'to grind'; one method of processing manna into flour.
בָרֵחַ֗יִםin the millsprep בְּ + art + N m dual abs · רֵחַיִם (H7347)Instrumental prepositional phraseרֵחַיִם (H7347) 'millstones, handmill' (dual, upper and lower stone).
א֤וֹorconj · אוֹ (H176)Disjunctive conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'; presents an alternative processing method.
דָכוּ֙they poundedQal perf 3cp · דּוּךְ (H1743)Predicate verb, alternative to טָחֲנוּ→ Perfective with habitual force, parallel to the preceding verbsדּוּךְ (H1743) 'to pound, crush'; hapax legomenon, the second processing option using a mortar.
בַּמְּדֹכָ֔הin the mortarprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · מְדֹכָה (H4085)Instrumental prepositional phraseמְדֹכָה (H4085) 'mortar'; hapax legomenon, the pounding vessel.
וּבִשְּׁלוּ֙and boiledPiel weqatal 3cp · בָּשַׁל (H1310)Predicate verb, continuing the habitual sequence→ Weqatal: continuing the habitual seriesבָּשַׁל (H1310) Piel 'to boil, cook'; the processed meal is cooked.
בַּפָּר֔וּרin the potprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · פָּרוּר (H6517)Instrumental prepositional phraseפָּרוּר (H6517) 'pot, pan'; the cooking vessel.
וְעָשׂ֥וּand madeQal weqatal 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb, continuing the habitual sequence→ Weqatal: continuing the habitual seriesעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, do'; the final step, forming the cooked meal into cakes.
אֹת֖וֹitobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + 3ms suffix (referring to the manna)
עֻג֑וֹתcakesN f pl abs · עֻגָה (H5692)Object complement (result of making)עֻגָה (H5692) 'cake, round bread'; baked flatcakes, cf. the manna's description as bread in Exod 16.
וְהָיָ֣הand it wasQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb, copular, continuing description→ Weqatal: continuing habitual/descriptive seriesהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; copular, introducing the taste description.
טַעְמ֔וֹits tasteN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · טַעַם (H2940)Subject of וְהָיָהטַעַם (H2940) 'taste, flavor'.
כְּטַ֖עַםlike the taste ofprep כְּ + N m sg constr · טַעַם (H2940)Predicate (comparative prepositional phrase, construct)טַעַם (H2940) 'taste'; construct chain with לְשַׁד הַשָּׁמֶן.
לְשַׁ֥דcream/richness ofN m sg constr · לְשַׁד (H3955)Genitive in construct chainלְשַׁד (H3955) 'moist richness, cream'; hapax legomenon in this sense, the rich creamy quality of the taste.
הַשָּֽׁמֶןthe oilart + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Genitive in construct chainשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'; 'cream of oil' i.e. rich oily richness, matching Exod 16:31's 'wafers with honey'.
9

וּבְרֶ֧דֶת הַטַּ֛ל עַל הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה יֵרֵ֥ד הַמָּ֖ן עָלָֽיו

And when the dew fell on the camp at night, the manna would fall with it.

Narrator's descriptive aside, concludingוְ
Closes the manna-description (vv.7-9) with its nightly means of arrival, before the narrative resumes with Moses' distress in v.10; sets up the audible detail (weeping at the door of his tent) that reopens the narrative frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּבְרֶ֧דֶתand when it fellconj וְ + prep בְּ + Qal inf constr · יָרַד (H3381)Temporal subordinate clause (infinitive construct with prep)→ Infinitive construct: temporal circumstance, 'when/as X descends'יָרַד (H3381) 'to go down, descend'; infinitive construct with בְּ marking simultaneity, 'in the falling of the dew'.
הַטַּ֛לthe dewart + N m sg abs · טַל (H2919)Subject of the infinitive clauseטַל (H2919) 'dew'; nightly moisture accompanying the manna's arrival, cf. Exod 16:13-14.
עַלuponprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖הthe campart + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Object of prepositionמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; Israel's traveling encampment, object of the preposition here.
לָ֑יְלָהat nightN m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Adverbial accusative of timeלַיְלָה (H3915) 'night'; adverbial, 'by night'.
יֵרֵ֥דit would fallQal impf 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (main clause), habitual→ Yiqtol: imperfective - habitual/repeated action, 'used to come down'יָרַד (H3381) 'to descend'; same root as the infinitive above, framing the manna's regular nightly arrival.
הַמָּ֖ןthe mannaart + N m sg abs · מָן (H4478)Subject of יֵרֵדמָן (H4478) 'manna'; subject of the nightly descent, see v.6.
עָלָֽיוupon itprep + 3ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (upon the dew/camp)עַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 3ms suffix referring to the dew, 'along with it'.
10

וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת הָעָ֗ם בֹּכֶה֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔יו אִ֖ישׁ לְפֶ֣תַח אָהֳל֑וֹ וַיִּֽחַר אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ מְאֹ֔ד וּבְעֵינֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה רָֽע

And Moses heard the people weeping by their families, each man at the door of his tent; and the anger of YHWH burned greatly, and it was evil in the eyes of Moses as well.

Narrative resumption after descriptive asideוְ
The narrative frame resumes: Moses hears the weeping described in vv.4-9, provoking both divine anger and Moses' own distress, pivoting the chapter from the people's complaint to Moses' complaint (vv.11-15).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּשְׁמַ֨עand he heardQal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'; Moses now hears the very weeping the narrator has been describing.
מֹשֶׁ֜הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיִּשְׁמַעמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject, the one who now hears what the narrator has described.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הָעָ֗םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Direct object of וַיִּשְׁמַעעַם (H5971) 'people'; direct object, the weeping Moses overhears.
בֹּכֶה֙weepingQal ptc ms abs · בָּכָה (H1058)Object complement (participle describing the state of הָעָם)→ Participle: durative, describing the ongoing action heard by Mosesבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; depicts the people caught in the act of weeping.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔יוby its familiesprep לְ + N f pl constr + 3ms suffix · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Distributive prepositional phraseמִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'family, clan'; distributive, 'family by family', the weeping spreading household by household.
אִ֖ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive apposition (resuming the subject)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; distributive use, 'each man', reinforcing the universality of the weeping.
לְפֶ֣תַחat the door ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Locative prepositional phrase (construct chain)פֶּתַח (H6607) 'opening, door, entrance'.
אָהֳל֑וֹhis tentN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אֹהֶל (H168)Genitive in construct chainאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; the weeping is public, visible at every tent-door.
וַיִּֽחַרand it burnedQal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - divine anger ignites againחָרָה (H2734) 'to burn (of anger)'; echoes v.1, showing the craving-complaint provokes the same wrath as the earlier grumbling.
אַ֤ףanger ofN m sg constr · אַף (H639)Subject of וַיִּחַר (construct chain, 'the anger of YHWH')אַף (H639) 'nose', idiomatically 'anger'; construct with יְהוָה. OSHB tags this as particle Ta, but H639 and the sense show it is the noun 'anger', subject of the clause.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chainיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive in construct chain naming what belongs to or comes from YHWH.
מְאֹ֔דgreatlyadverb · מְאֹד (H3966)Adverbial intensifier modifying וַיִּחַרמְאֹד (H3966) 'very, exceedingly'; intensifies the divine anger.
וּבְעֵינֵ֥יand in the eyes ofconj וְ + prep בְּ + N com dual constr · עַיִן (H5869)Locative/perceptual prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; idiom 'in the eyes of X' = 'in X's judgment/opinion'.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Genitive in construct chainמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; genitive within a construct chain.
רָֽעwas evil/displeasingAdj m sg abs · רַע (H7489)Predicate adjective (verbless clause, 'it was evil')רַע (H7489) 'evil, displeasing'; describes Moses' own distress, mirroring רַע of v.1 and anticipating his complaint in vv.11-15.
11

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל יְהוָ֗ה לָמָ֤ה הֲרֵעֹ֨תָ֙ לְעַבְדֶּ֔ךָ וְלָ֛מָּה לֹא מָצָ֥תִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ לָשׂ֗וּם אֶת מַשָּׂ֛א כָּל הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה עָלָֽי

And Moses said to YHWH, 'Why have you done evil to your servant? And why have I not found favor in your eyes, that you should lay the burden of all this people on me?'

Rhetorical question opening Moses' complaintasyndeton
Moses' complaint begins: two accusatory rhetorical questions using the chapter's recurring 'evil' vocabulary (הֲרֵעֹתָ, echoing רַע of vv.1,10) reframe his own distress as YHWH's fault, before the burden-metaphor develops through vv.12-17.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause), introducing direct speech→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces Moses' complaint, the second major speech of the chapter.
מֹשֶׁ֜הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject, voicing his complaint or reply.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (addressee)
יְהוָ֗הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of prepositionיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; object of the preposition in this phrase.
לָמָ֤הwhyprep לְ + interrogative · מָה (H4100)Interrogative adverb introducing rhetorical questionמָה (H4100) with לְ, 'why?'; opens Moses' first accusatory question.
הֲרֵעֹ֨תָ֙have you done evilHiphil perf 2ms · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (main clause, rhetorical question)→ Perfective: a completed act viewed as an accomplished wrong - 'you have done ill'רָעַע (H7489) Hiphil 'to do evil/harm to'; same root as רָע in vv.1,10, tying Moses' complaint to the chapter's recurring 'evil' vocabulary.
לְעַבְדֶּ֔ךָto your servantprep לְ + N m sg constr + 2ms suffix · עֶבֶד (H5650)Indirect object (dative of disadvantage)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant'; Moses' self-designation before YHWH, humble deference even amid complaint.
וְלָ֛מָּהand whyconj וְ + prep לְ + interrogative · מָה (H4100)Interrogative adverb introducing second rhetorical question
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negative particle.
מָצָ֥תִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (main clause, rhetorical question)→ Perfective: a completed state, negated - 'I have not found'מָצָא (H4672) 'to find'; idiom 'find favor in the eyes of' = to be regarded with favor.
חֵ֖ןfavorN m sg abs · חֵן (H2580)Direct object of מָצָתִיחֵן (H2580) 'favor, grace'.
בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָin your eyesprep בְּ + N com dual constr + 2ms suffix · עַיִן (H5869)Locative/perceptual prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; idiom for regard/judgment.
לָשׂ֗וּםto layprep לְ + Qal inf constr · שׂוּם (H7760)Purpose infinitive clause→ Infinitive construct: expresses purpose/result, 'that you should lay'שׂוּם (H7760) 'to put, place, lay'; infinitive of purpose - laying the burden on Moses.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
מַשָּׂ֛אburden ofN m sg constr · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Direct object of לָשׂוּם (construct chain)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'burden, load'; noun cognate to נָשָׂא, naming the weight of leadership that dominates vv.11-17.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Genitive in construct chainכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
הָעָ֥םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; genitive within a construct chain, Israel as the mass Moses must bear or lead.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הָעָםזֶה (H2088), demonstrative 'this'.
עָלָֽיon meprep + 1cs suffix · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (goal of the laid burden)עַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 1cs suffix, the goal of the burden Moses protests.
12

הֶאָנֹכִ֣י הָרִ֗יתִי אֵ֚ת כָּל הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אִם אָנֹכִ֖י יְלִדְתִּ֑יהוּ כִּֽי תֹאמַ֨ר אֵלַ֜י שָׂאֵ֣הוּ בְחֵיקֶ֗ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשָּׂ֤א הָאֹמֵן֙ אֶת הַיֹּנֵ֔ק עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתָּ לַאֲבֹתָֽיו

Did I conceive all this people, or did I give birth to them, that you should say to me, 'Carry them in your bosom, as a nursing father carries the suckling,' to the land that you swore to their fathers?

Rhetorical question continuing Moses' complaintasyndeton
Moses piles up rhetorical questions denying any parental responsibility for Israel, twisting YHWH's own image of fatherly care into an accusation of an unbearable burden imposed on him alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
הֶאָנֹכִ֣יdid I?interrogative + independent pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject (fronted, interrogative)אָנֹכִי (H595), 1cs independent pronoun 'I'; with interrogative הֲ, opens Moses' incredulous rhetorical question - 'Did I...?'
הָרִ֗יתִיconceiveQal perf 1cs · הָרָה (H2029)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Perfective: a completed act being denied - 'did I conceive...?'הָרָה (H2029) 'to conceive'; maternal imagery, Moses ironically denies any maternal role in bringing Israel into being.
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object (construct chain)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; genitive within a construct chain, Israel as the mass Moses must bear or lead.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הָעָםזֶה (H2088), demonstrative 'this'; modifying הָעָם.
אִםorconj · אִם (H518)Coordinating disjunctive conjunction (introducing second rhetorical clause)אִם (H518) here in a double rhetorical question, 'or...'
אָנֹכִ֖יIindependent pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of יְלִדְתִּיהוּאָנֹכִי (H595), 1cs pronoun 'I'; emphatic subject continuing Moses' denial.
יְלִדְתִּ֑יהוּgave birth to themQal perf 1cs + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Perfective: a completed act being deniedיָלַד (H3205) 'to give birth'; continues the maternal metaphor Moses rejects for himself.
כִּֽיthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, resultative ('that you should...')כִּי (H3588) resultative, linking Moses' denial to YHWH's demand.
תֹאמַ֨רyou should sayQal impf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (subordinate clause)→ Yiqtol: modal - the expected/demanded resultאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the demand Moses quotes back to YHWH.
אֵלַ֜יto meprep + 1cs suffix · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)אֶל (H413) 'to'; with 1cs suffix, the addressee of YHWH's supposed demand.
שָׂאֵ֣הוּcarry it/himQal impv 2ms + 3ms suffix · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (quoted imperative)→ Volitional: imperative command quoted from YHWH's demandנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'; the key verb of the chapter's burden-imagery (cf. vv.11,14,17).
בְחֵיקֶ֗ךָin your bosomprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 2ms suffix · חֵיק (H2436)Locative prepositional phraseחֵיק (H2436) 'bosom, lap'; the tender image of a nurse carrying an infant.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רasprep כְּ + relative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative subordinating conjunctionאֲשֶׁר (H834) with כְּ, 'just as'.
יִשָּׂ֤אcarriesQal impf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (comparative clause)→ Yiqtol: generic/habitual present, customary nursing careנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to carry'; same verb as the imperative above, forming the simile's core comparison.
הָאֹמֵן֙the nursing fatherart + Qal ptc ms · אָמַן (H539)Subject of יִשָּׂא→ Participle: substantival, denoting a role/office - 'the one who nurses/rears'אָמַן (H539) Qal ptc 'guardian, nurse, foster-father'; a male caretaker who carries an infant, YHWH's ironic image for what he demands of Moses.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַיֹּנֵ֔קthe sucklingart + Qal ptc ms · יָנַק (H3243)Direct object of יִשָּׂא (substantival participle)→ Participle: substantival, 'the nursing infant'יָנַק (H3243) Qal ptc 'suckling infant'; the vulnerable charge the nursing-father carries.
עַ֚לtoprep · עַל (H5921)Directional prepositional phrase
הָֽאֲדָמָ֔הthe landart + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Object of prepositionאֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground, land'; here the promised land, destination of the carrying-journey.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the following relative clause.
נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתָּyou sworeNiphal perf 2ms · שָׁבַע (H7650)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act - the divine oath as settled factשָׁבַע (H7650) Niphal 'to swear (an oath)'; recalls YHWH's covenant promise to the patriarchs, the goal toward which Moses is expected to carry the people.
לַאֲבֹתָֽיוto their fathersprep לְ + N m pl constr + 3ms suffix · אָב (H1)Indirect object (recipients of the oath)אָב (H1) 'father'; plural with 3ms suffix (referring collectively to the people), the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
13

מֵאַ֤יִן לִי֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר לָתֵ֖ת לְכָל הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי יִבְכּ֤וּ עָלַי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנָה לָּ֥נוּ בָשָׂ֖ר וְנֹאכֵֽלָה

Where can I get meat to give to all this people? For they weep to me, saying, 'Give us meat, that we may eat!'

Rhetorical question continuing complaintasyndeton
Moses voices his practical helplessness against the people's relentless demand, quoting their words back almost verbatim from v.4 - mê'ayin ('from where') answering their mî ('who') with equal despair.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
מֵאַ֤יִןfrom whereprep מִן + interrogative · אַיִן (H370)Interrogative adverb (source)אַיִן (H370) 'where?'; with מִן, 'from where' - rhetorical, expressing Moses' helplessness.
לִי֙to meprep + 1cs suffix · לְDative of possession/obligationלְ preposition 'to, for'; with 1cs suffix, dative of obligation - 'where is there for me...'.
בָּשָׂ֔רmeatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Subject (of the verbless interrogative clause)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'meat'.
לָתֵ֖תto giveprep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Purpose infinitive clause→ Infinitive construct: expresses purpose, 'in order to give'נָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; infinitive of purpose.
לְכָלto all ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Indirect object (construct chain)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; construct with הָעָם, 'to all this people'.
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; genitive within a construct chain, Israel as the mass Moses must bear or lead.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrativeזֶה (H2088), demonstrative 'this'; modifying הָעָם.
כִּֽיforconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, causalכִּי (H3588) causal 'for, because'.
יִבְכּ֤וּthey weepQal impf 3mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Yiqtol: durative/habitual present - ongoing weepingבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; the people's persistent crying pressures Moses.
עָלַי֙against/to meprep + 1cs suffix · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (goal/pressure)עַל (H5921) 'upon, against'; with 1cs suffix, the pressure of the people's weeping on Moses.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Introduces direct quotation→ Infinitive construct: quotative formulaאָמַר (H559) inf. constr. לֵאמֹר, standard formula introducing direct speech.
תְּנָהgive!Qal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (quoted imperative)→ Volitional: imperative demandנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; imperative with paragogic ה, emphatic 'give!'
לָּ֥נוּto usprep + 1cp suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to, for'; with 1cp suffix, the object of the demanded gift.
בָשָׂ֖רmeatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object of תְּנָהבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'meat'; direct object of the imperative תְּנָה, repeating the craved commodity.
וְנֹאכֵֽלָהthat we may eatQal cohortative 1cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (purpose/result, cohortative)→ Volitional/cohortative: expressing desired result, 'so that we may eat'אָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; cohortative expressing the people's demanded goal.
14

לֹֽא אוּכַ֤ל אָנֹכִי֙ לְבַדִּ֔י לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת כָּל הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֥י כָבֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי

I am not able, I alone, to carry all this people, for it is too heavy for me.

Climax of Moses' complaintasyndeton
The complaint reaches its peak: the metaphor of 'carrying' a 'heavy' burden alone crystallizes Moses' crisis, directly answered by YHWH's provision of the seventy elders in vv.16-17 to share the load (נָשָׂא, כָּבֵד both echoed there).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle
אוּכַ֤לI am ableQal impf 1cs · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal, expressing capability (negated)יָכֹל (H3201) 'to be able'; negated, 'I cannot'.
אָנֹכִי֙Iindependent pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject (emphatic, reinforcing 1cs of the verb)אָנֹכִי (H595), 1cs independent pronoun; emphatic, reinforcing 'I alone' cannot bear the burden.
לְבַדִּ֔יby myself, aloneprep לְ + N m sg constr + 1cs suffix · בַּד (H905)Adverbial phrase of isolationבַּד (H905) 'separation, isolation'; 'alone, by myself' - echoing YHWH's reply in v.17 (וְלֹא תִשָּׂא אַתָּה לְבַדֶּךָ).
לָשֵׂ֖אתto carryprep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָשָׂא (H5375)Complementary infinitive (object of אוּכַל)→ Infinitive construct: complements the modal verb, naming the impossible taskנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to carry, bear'; the burden-verb again, see vv.12,17.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object (construct chain)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct chain כָּל הָעָם, direct object of the verb.
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; genitive within a construct chain, Israel as the mass Moses must bear or lead.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrativeזֶה (H2088), demonstrative 'this'; modifying הָעָם.
כִּ֥יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, causal
כָבֵ֖דheavyAdj m sg abs · כָּבֵד (H3515)Predicate adjective (verbless clause)כָּבֵד (H3515) 'heavy, weighty'; the people as an unbearable weight, the chapter's dominant metaphor for leadership burden.
מִמֶּֽנִּיthan meprep + 1cs suffix · מִן (H4480)Comparative prepositional phraseמִן (H4480) 'from'; with 1cs suffix, comparative 'than I (can bear)'.
15

וְאִם כָּ֣כָה אַתְּ עֹ֣שֶׂה לִּ֗י הָרְגֵ֤נִי נָא֙ הָרֹ֔ג אִם מָצָ֥אתִי חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וְאַל אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּרָעָתִֽי

And if you are going to deal with me this way, please kill me at once, if I have found favor in your eyes, and do not let me see my own misery.

Climactic conditional plea, concluding Moses' speechוְ
Moses' complaint ends in a death-wish, the most extreme statement in the chapter; the repeated 'favor in your eyes' (חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ) ironically inverts the idiom of blessing into a request for release through death, setting up YHWH's practical remedy in vv.16-17.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj · אִם (H518)Conditional conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'; introduces a conditional protasis.
כָּ֣כָהthusadverb · כָּכָה (H3602)Adverb of mannerכָּכָה (H3602) 'thus, in this way'; refers back to the crushing burden just described.
אַתְּyouindependent pron 2ms (defective spelling) · אַתָּה (H859)Subject of עֹשֶׂהאַתָּה (H859), 2ms pronoun written defectively אַתְּ here; a known scribal peculiarity in this verse.
עֹ֣שֶׂהdealing, doingQal ptc ms abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (participial, present-tense main clause)→ Participle: durative present, describing ongoing/intended treatmentעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, deal'; participle for vivid present tense, 'if this is how you are dealing with me'.
לִּ֗יto/with meprep + 1cs suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to, with'; with 1cs suffix, indirect object of Moses' accusation.
הָרְגֵ֤נִיkill meQal impv 2ms + 1cs suffix · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (imperative, apodosis)→ Volitional: urgent imperative requestהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill, slay'; Moses' desperate request for death rather than continued burden.
נָא֙pleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreatyנָא (H4994), particle of entreaty/urgency, 'please, now'.
הָרֹ֔גutterly, outrightQal inf abs · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive absolute intensifying the imperative→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic reinforcement of the preceding imperativeהָרַג (H2026) infinitive absolute reinforcing הָרְגֵנִי, intensifying the plea to an emphatic pitch.
אִםifconj · אִם (H518)Conditional conjunction
מָצָ֥אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (conditional clause)→ Perfective: a completed state - 'if I have found (i.e. do have) favor'מָצָא (H4672) 'to find'; idiom 'find favor in the eyes of' = to be regarded with favor.
חֵ֖ןfavorN m sg abs · חֵן (H2580)Direct object of מָצָאתיחֵן (H2580) 'favor, grace'; repeated from v.11, Moses' bitter, ironic plea.
בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָin your eyesprep בְּ + N com dual constr + 2ms suffix · עַיִן (H5869)Locative/perceptual prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; idiom 'in your eyes' = 'in your judgment', echoing v.11.
וְאַלand let notconj וְ + negative particle · אַל (H408)Negative particle of prohibition (jussive)אַל (H408), negative particle used with jussive/imperative force, 'do not'.
אֶרְאֶ֖הlet me seeQal jussive 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (negated jussive)→ Volitional/jussive: negated wish, 'let me not see'רָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; jussive expressing Moses' wish to be spared witnessing further distress.
בְּרָעָתִֽיmy wretchednessprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 1cs suffix · רָעָה (H7451)Object of preposition (content of what he would see)רָעָה (H7451) 'evil, misfortune, distress'; same root as רַע throughout the chapter - Moses now applies it to his own suffering.
16

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶסְפָה לִּ֞י שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִישׁ֮ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּי הֵ֛ם זִקְנֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם וְשֹׁטְרָ֑יו וְלָקַחְתָּ֤ אֹתָם֙ אֶל אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֥וּ שָׁ֖ם עִמָּֽךְ

And YHWH said to Moses, 'Gather to me seventy men from the elders of Israel, whom you know to be elders of the people and their officers, and bring them to the tent of meeting, and let them take their stand there with you.'

Divine response, main-line reply to Moses' complaintasyndeton
YHWH's answer bypasses Moses' death-wish entirely and offers a structural solution - shared leadership through seventy Spirit-endowed elders - the chapter's central institutional innovation.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces YHWH's response, the chapter's turning point.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריְהוָה (H3068); subject, speaking the divine word.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; the addressee named as object of the preposition.
אֶסְפָהgather!Qal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: emphatic imperative commandאָסַף (H622) 'to gather'; emphatic imperative with paragogic ה, the first of YHWH's practical instructions.
לִּ֞יfor meprep + 1cs suffix · לְIndirect object (ethical dative)לְ preposition 'for'; with 1cs suffix, ethical dative reinforcing YHWH's personal stake in the gathering.
שִׁבְעִ֣יםseventycardinal number · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Numeral modifying אִישׁשִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy'; echoes the seventy who went up the mountain in Exod 24:1,9, symbolizing full representative leadership.
אִישׁ֮menN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Direct object of אֶסְפָהאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; here 'men' as the counted unit.
מִזִּקְנֵ֣יfrom the elders ofprep מִן + Adj m pl constr · זָקֵן (H2205)Partitive prepositional phraseזָקֵן (H2205) 'elder, old man'; the recognized tribal leadership, from whom the seventy are to be selected.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֒Israelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive in construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); genitive in construct chain, the whole covenant people from whom the seventy are drawn.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhomrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the following relative clause.
יָדַ֔עְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a settled state of knowledgeיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'; Moses' existing personal knowledge of these men qualifies them for the office.
כִּיthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, complementizerכִּי (H3588) 'that', introducing the content of Moses' knowledge.
הֵ֛םtheyindependent pron 3mp · הֵם (H1992)Subject of verbless clauseהֵם (H1992), 3mp independent pronoun.
זִקְנֵ֥יelders ofAdj m pl constr · זָקֵן (H2205)Predicate (construct chain)זָקֵן (H2205) 'elder'; construct with הָעָם, restating their office.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; genitive within a construct chain, Israel as the mass Moses must bear or lead.
וְשֹׁטְרָ֑יוand its officersconj וְ + N m pl constr + 3ms suffix · שֹׁטֵר (H7860)Predicate, coordinate (construct chain)שֹׁטֵר (H7860) 'officer, official'; paired with 'elders' as the existing leadership structure Moses already oversees (cf. Exod 5:6).
וְלָקַחְתָּ֤and you shall takeQal weqatal 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (continuing imperative sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing the sequence of commands with future-directive forceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; continues YHWH's instructions.
אֹתָם֙themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + 3mp suffix
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase
אֹ֣הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Object of preposition (construct chain)אֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; construct with מוֹעֵד.
מוֹעֵ֔דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive in construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time/place'; 'tent of meeting', the site of divine-human encounter.
וְהִֽתְיַצְּב֥וּand let them station themselvesHitpael weqatal 3cp · יָצַב (H3320)Predicate verb (continuing directive sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing the directive sequence, jussive-like forceיָצַב (H3320) Hitpael 'to station/present oneself'; formal presentation before YHWH, as at Sinai theophanies.
שָׁ֖םthereadverb · שָׁם (H8033)Adverb of placeשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
עִמָּֽךְwith youprep + 2ms suffix · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phrase (accompaniment)עִם (H5973) 'with'; with 2ms suffix, marking accompaniment.
17

וְיָרַדְתִּ֗י וְדִבַּרְתִּ֣י עִמְּךָ֮ שָׁם֒ וְאָצַלְתִּ֗י מִן הָר֛וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָלֶ֖יךָ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָשְׂא֤וּ אִתְּךָ֙ בְּמַשָּׂ֣א הָעָ֔ם וְלֹא תִשָּׂ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לְבַדֶּֽךָ

And I will come down and speak with you there, and I will take some of the spirit that is on you and put it on them, and they shall carry the burden of the people with you, so that you will not carry it alone.

Divine solution, continuing v.16וְ
YHWH's remedy directly reverses the vocabulary of Moses' complaint (נָשָׂא 'carry', לְבַדִּי 'alone') by distributing his own spirit rather than adding new resource - leadership is shared, not multiplied.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְיָרַדְתִּ֗יand I will come downQal weqatal 1cs · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (main clause, divine self-commitment)→ Weqatal: future/directive continuation - YHWH's promised actionיָרַד (H3381) 'to descend'; YHWH's theophanic descent, as at Sinai (Exod 19) and recurring in v.25.
וְדִבַּרְתִּ֣יand I will speakPiel weqatal 1cs · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (continuing sequence)→ Weqatal: future continuationדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; direct divine address to Moses.
עִמְּךָ֮with youprep + 2ms suffix · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phrase (accompaniment)עִם (H5973) 'with'; with 2ms suffix, marking accompaniment.
שָׁם֒thereadverb · שָׁם (H8033)Adverb of place
וְאָצַלְתִּ֗יand I will take awayQal weqatal 1cs · אָצַל (H680)Predicate verb (continuing sequence)→ Weqatal: future continuationאָצַל (H680) 'to withdraw, set aside, take from'; rare root (elsewhere only 2 Kgs 4), a partitive - not subtractive - sharing of Moses' spirit-endowment.
מִןfrom, some ofprep · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase
הָר֛וּחַthe spiritart + N com sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Object of prepositionרוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit, wind, breath'; the endowment of prophetic/leadership spirit resting on Moses, to be shared - not divided - among the elders.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the following relative clause.
עָלֶ֖יךָis upon youprep + 2ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Predicate of relative clause (locative)עַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 2ms suffix, the spirit's present location on Moses.
וְשַׂמְתִּ֣יand I will putQal weqatal 1cs · שׂוּם (H7760)Predicate verb (continuing sequence)→ Weqatal: future continuationשׂוּם (H7760) 'to put, place'; the spirit is placed upon the elders.
עֲלֵיהֶ֑םupon themprep + 3mp suffix · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative)עַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 3mp suffix, the elders who receive the spirit.
וְנָשְׂא֤וּand they shall carryQal weqatal 3cp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (continuing sequence, result)→ Weqatal: future/purpose result - the elders' resulting functionנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to carry, bear'; the burden-verb of vv.11,14 now distributed among the seventy.
אִתְּךָ֙with youprep + 2ms suffix · אֵת/אִתְּ (H854)Prepositional phrase (accompaniment)אֵת/אִתְּ (H854) 'with'; with 2ms suffix, the elders' shared bearing of the burden alongside Moses.
בְּמַשָּׂ֣אin the burden ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Object of preposition (construct chain)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'burden, load'; the noun cognate to נָשָׂא, naming precisely the weight Moses complained of in v.14.
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; genitive within a construct chain, Israel as the mass Moses must bear or lead.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle
תִשָּׂ֥אyou shall carryQal impf 2ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (negated main clause, result)→ Yiqtol: modal-result, negated - 'so that you will not carry'נָשָׂא (H5375) 'to carry'; the resolution of Moses' complaint - relief from carrying alone.
אַתָּ֖הyouindependent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject (emphatic, resuming 2ms of verb)אַתָּה (H859), 2ms independent pronoun, emphatic; resuming and stressing the subject of תִשָּׂא.
לְבַדֶּֽךָby yourself, aloneprep לְ + N m sg constr + 2ms suffix · בַּד (H905)Adverbial phrase of isolationבַּד (H905) 'alone'; directly answers Moses' own לְבַדִּי of v.14.
18

וְאֶל הָעָ֨ם תֹּאמַ֜ר הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָר֮ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם בָּשָׂר֒ כִּ֡י בְּכִיתֶם֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֤י יַאֲכִלֵ֨נוּ֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּי ט֥וֹב לָ֖נוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְנָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וַאֲכַלְתֶּֽם

And say to the people, 'Consecrate yourselves for tomorrow, and you shall eat meat; for you have wept in the ears of YHWH, saying, "Who will give us meat to eat? For it was better for us in Egypt." Therefore YHWH will give you meat, and you shall eat.'

Divine directive, continuing address to Mosesוְ
YHWH turns from the elders-provision to the meat-demand, quoting the people's own complaint back to them as grounds for a judgment disguised as gift - consecration language usually precedes blessing, here it precedes surfeit and plague.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase
הָעָ֨םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Object of prepositionעַם (H5971) 'people'; the addressee of YHWH's directive.
תֹּאמַ֜רyou shall sayQal impf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause, directive)→ Yiqtol: modal/directive - a command in imperfect formאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; YHWH instructs Moses on what to relay to the people.
הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּconsecrate yourselvesHitpael impv 2mp · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (quoted imperative)→ Volitional: imperative of ritual preparationקָדַשׁ (H6942) Hitpael 'to consecrate/sanctify oneself'; ritual preparation, ironic here since it precedes judgment-by-abundance rather than blessing.
לְמָחָר֮for tomorrowprep לְ + N m sg abs · מָחָר (H4279)Temporal prepositional phraseמָחָר (H4279) 'tomorrow'; sets the timeframe for the coming quail.
וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֣םand you shall eatQal weqatal 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (continuing directive)→ Weqatal: future/directive continuationאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; grants exactly what was demanded - the verb of craving throughout.
בָּשָׂר֒meatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object of וַאֲכַלְתֶּםבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'meat'; the object promised, echoing the craving of v.4.
כִּ֡יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, causal
בְּכִיתֶם֩you have weptQal perf 2mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: a completed act, grounds for the following judgmentבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; recalls vv.4,10,13,18, now cited as YHWH's grievance.
בְּאָזְנֵ֨יin the ears ofprep בְּ + N f dual constr · אֹזֶן (H241)Perceptual prepositional phraseאֹזֶן (H241) 'ear'; echoes v.1's identical idiom, bracketing the chapter's two complaint-fire episodes.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of prepositionיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; object of the preposition in this phrase.
לֵאמֹ֗רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Introduces direct quotation→ Infinitive construct: quotative formulaאָמַר (H559) inf. constr. לֵאמֹר, standard formula introducing direct speech.
מִ֤יwhointerrogative pron · מִי (H4310)Interrogative pronoun, subjectמִי (H4310) interrogative 'who'; verbatim citation of the people's complaint in v.4.
יַאֲכִלֵ֨נוּ֙will feed usHiphil impf 3ms + 1cp suffix · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (quoted rhetorical question)→ Yiqtol: modal - wished-for future actאָכַל (H398) Hiphil, see v.4.
בָּשָׂ֔רmeatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct objectבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'meat'; the craved commodity, repeated for emphasis in this verse.
כִּיforconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, causal
ט֥וֹבit was goodQal perf 3ms (stative) · טוֹב/יָטַב (H2895)Predicate verb (verbless-adjacent stative clause)→ Perfective (stative): a settled evaluative judgment - 'it was good'טוֹב (H2895) stative 'to be good'; the people's nostalgic evaluation of Egypt, cited as the root grievance.
לָ֖נוּfor usprep + 1cp suffix · לְDative of experiencerלְ preposition 'for'; with 1cp suffix, dative of experiencer in the people's nostalgic claim.
בְּמִצְרָ֑יִםin Egyptprep בְּ + proper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Locative prepositional phraseמִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'; the land of bondage nostalgically preferred, echoing v.5.
וְנָתַ֨ןand he will giveQal weqatal 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (resumed main clause, consequence)→ Weqatal: future consequence resuming the main line after the quoted complaintנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; YHWH's ironic response - granting exactly what was cried for.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וְנָתַןיְהוָה (H3068); subject, granting the demanded meat.
לָכֶ֛םto youprep + 2mp suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to'; with 2mp suffix, indirect object of the promised gift.
בָּשָׂ֖רmeatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct objectבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'meat'; the craved commodity, repeated for emphasis in this verse.
וַאֲכַלְתֶּֽםand you shall eatQal weqatal 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (continuing consequence)→ Weqatal: future continuationאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the demand granted, echoing v.18a and preparing the ominous escalation of vv.19-20.
19

לֹ֣א י֥וֹם אֶחָ֛ד תֹּאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֣א יוֹמָ֑יִם וְלֹ֣א חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה יָמִ֗ים וְלֹא֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה יָמִ֔ים וְלֹ֖א עֶשְׂרִ֥ים יֽוֹם

Not for one day shall you eat it, nor two days, nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days,

Continuation of divine speech - escalating listasyndeton
A staccato list of negated durations (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 days) builds suspense before the shocking climax of v.20 ('a full month'), rhetorically mimicking the excess about to be inflicted.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle
י֥וֹםa dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time (extent)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; measuring the duration of eating, escalated through the list.
אֶחָ֛דonecardinal number · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral modifying יוֹםאֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
תֹּאכְל֖וּןyou shall eatQal impf 2mp (paragogic nun) · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/future, negated by לֹא - emphatic denialאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; paragogic נ intensifies the verb form.
וְלֹ֣אnorconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle (coordinated)
יוֹמָ֑יִםtwo daysN m dual abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time (dual)יוֹם (H3117) dual, 'two days'.
וְלֹ֣אnorconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle (coordinated)
חֲמִשָּׁ֣הfivecardinal number · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeral modifying יָמִיםחָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'.
יָמִ֗יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) plural 'days'; continuing the escalating list of durations.
וְלֹא֙norconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle (coordinated)
עֲשָׂרָ֣הtencardinal number · עֶשֶׂר (H6235)Numeral modifying יָמִיםעֶשֶׂר (H6235) 'ten'.
יָמִ֔יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) plural 'days'; continuing the escalating list of durations.
וְלֹ֖אnorconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle (coordinated)
עֶשְׂרִ֥יםtwentycardinal number · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeral modifying יוֹםעֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
יֽוֹםdaysN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; closing the staccato list before the shocking 'month' of v.20.
20

עַ֣ד חֹ֣דֶשׁ יָמִ֗ים עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא֙ מֵֽאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְזָרָ֑א יַ֗עַן כִּֽי מְאַסְתֶּ֤ם אֶת יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔ם וַתִּבְכּ֤וּ לְפָנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה יָצָ֥אנוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם

but a full month, until it comes out of your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you, because you have rejected YHWH who is among you and have wept before him, saying, 'Why did we ever come out of Egypt?'

Climax of divine judgment speechasyndeton
YHWH names the theological root of the complaint - not hunger but rejection of his presence, tantamount to regretting the exodus itself - and pronounces judgment that will make the craved food physically repellent through sheer excess.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
עַ֣דbut untilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (adversative extent)עַד (H5704) 'until, up to'; introduces the shocking extent - not days but a month.
חֹ֣דֶשׁa month ofN m sg constr · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Object of preposition (construct chain)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'.
יָמִ֗יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive in construct chain (idiom: 'a full month')יוֹם (H3117) plural; idiom חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים 'a full month' (lit. 'a month of days').
עַ֤דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal subordinating conjunction
אֲשֶׁרthat/whenrelative pron (temporal) · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (temporal)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative used temporally 'until [the time] that'.
יֵצֵא֙it comes outQal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (temporal clause)→ Yiqtol: future/result - the vivid physical outcomeיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; graphic image of surfeit - the meat 'comes out of the nostrils', nausea from overconsumption.
מֵֽאַפְּכֶ֔םfrom your nostrilsprep מִן + N m sg constr + 2mp suffix · אַף (H639)Source prepositional phraseאַף (H639) 'nose, nostril'; same word used for 'anger' in vv.1,10,33 - a grim pun, the meat that satisfies the nose becomes as unbearable as the anger it provoked.
וְהָיָ֥הand it will becomeQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (continuing result clause)→ Weqatal: future continuationהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep + 2mp suffix · לְDative of experiencerלְ preposition 'to'; with 2mp suffix, dative of experiencer - the loathing that will befall them.
לְזָרָ֑אas loathingprep לְ + N m sg abs · זָרָא (H2214)Predicate complement (result)זָרָא (H2214) 'loathing, disgust'; hapax legomenon, utter revulsion - the craved food becomes abhorrent.
יַ֗עַןbecauseconj · יַעַן (H3282)Subordinating conjunction, causalיַעַן (H3282) 'because, on account of'; formal causal particle introducing YHWH's rationale for the harsh judgment.
כִּֽיthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, epexegetical (with יַעַן)כִּי (H3588) paired with יַעַן in the compound causal formula יַעַן כִּי, 'because'.
מְאַסְתֶּ֤םyou have rejectedQal perf 2mp · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of rejectionמָאַס (H3988) 'to reject, despise'; the theological verdict on the craving - rejection of YHWH's provision and presence.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Direct object of מְאַסְתֶּםיְהוָה (H3068); the direct object of the people's rejection - the theological crux of the judgment.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhorelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the following relative clause.
בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔םis in your midstprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 2mp suffix · קֶרֶב (H7130)Predicate of relative clause (locative)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'midst'; stresses YHWH's immediate presence among them, spurned in favor of Egypt's food.
וַתִּבְכּ֤וּand you weptQal wayyiqtol 2mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (continuing causal clause)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative-style continuation within direct speechבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; see vv.4,10,13,18.
לְפָנָיו֙before himprep לְ + N com pl constr + 3ms suffix · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; idiom 'before him' = in his presence.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Introduces direct quotation→ Infinitive construct: quotative formulaאָמַר (H559) inf. constr. לֵאמֹר, standard formula introducing direct speech.
לָ֥מָּהwhyprep לְ + interrogative · מָה (H4100)Interrogative adverbמָה (H4100) with לְ, 'why?'
זֶּ֖הthis / everdemonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Emphatic demonstrative particle intensifying the questionזֶה (H2088), demonstrative used idiomatically after an interrogative for emphasis, 'why ever...'
יָצָ֥אנוּdid we come outQal perf 1cp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (quoted rhetorical question)→ Perfective: a completed act being regrettedיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; the exodus itself now regretted - the ultimate expression of the people's rejection of YHWH's saving act.
מִמִּצְרָֽיִםfrom Egyptprep מִן + proper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Source prepositional phraseמִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'; source of the exodus now bitterly regretted.
21

וַיֹּאמֶר֮ מֹשֶׁה֒ שֵׁשׁ מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֨לֶף֙ רַגְלִ֔י הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ וְאַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֗רְתָּ בָּשָׂר֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם וְאָכְל֖וּ חֹ֥דֶשׁ יָמִֽים

But Moses said, 'The people among whom I am number six hundred thousand on foot, yet you have said, "I will give them meat, that they may eat for a full month!"'

Moses' skeptical objection to the divine promiseוַ
Moses voices practical incredulity at the scale of provision required - six hundred thousand men for thirty days - setting up YHWH's rebuke in v.23 that reasserts divine capability against human calculation.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיֹּאמֶר֮and he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Moses objects to the logistics of YHWH's promise.
מֹשֶׁה֒Mosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject, voicing his complaint or reply.
שֵׁשׁsixcardinal number · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Numeral (construct chain forming a compound number)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'.
מֵא֥וֹתhundred(s)cardinal number pl · מֵאָה (H3967)Numeral, construct with שֵׁשׁמֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred', plural; 'six hundred'.
אֶ֨לֶף֙thousandcardinal number · אֶלֶף (H505)Numeral, in apposition ('six hundred thousand')אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
רַגְלִ֔יon footAdj m sg abs · רַגְלִי (H7273)Adjective modifying the implied 'men' (collective distributive)רַגְלִי (H7273) 'on foot, footsoldier'; the counted males as foot-travelers, echoing census terminology of Exod 12:37; Num 1.
הָעָ֕םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject, in apposition to the preceding numberעַם (H5971) 'people'; in apposition to the six-hundred-thousand figure.
אֲשֶׁ֥רamong whomrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the following relative clause.
אָנֹכִ֖יIindependent pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of relative clauseאָנֹכִי (H595), 1cs pronoun 'I'; Moses situates himself within the vast, unmanageable multitude.
בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹam in its midstprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · קֶרֶב (H7130)Predicate of relative clause (locative)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'midst'; Moses stresses his personal proximity to this vast multitude, underscoring the scale of the problem.
וְאַתָּ֣הand youconj וְ + independent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject (emphatic, contrastive)אַתָּה (H859), emphatic 2ms pronoun, contrasting YHWH's promise with the daunting numbers Moses has just cited.
אָמַ֗רְתָּhave saidQal perf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed statement now being challengedאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Moses quotes YHWH's promise back skeptically.
בָּשָׂר֙meatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object of אֶתֵּן (fronted for emphasis, quoted)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'meat'; fronted for emphasis in Moses' quotation of YHWH's promise.
אֶתֵּ֣ןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (quoted promise)→ Yiqtol: future/promissoryנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; quoting YHWH's promise of v.18.
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + 3mp suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to, for'; with 3mp suffix, indirect object referring to the people.
וְאָכְל֖וּthat they may eatQal weqatal (result) 3cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (quoted result clause)→ Weqatal: purpose/result continuation - 'so that they eat'אָכַל (H398) 'to eat'.
חֹ֥דֶשׁa month ofN m sg constr · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Adverbial accusative of time (construct chain)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'; construct with יָמִים, echoing v.20's idiom.
יָמִֽיםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive in construct chainיוֹם (H3117) plural; completing the idiom חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים, 'a full month'.
22

הֲצֹ֧אן וּבָקָ֛ר יִשָּׁחֵ֥ט לָהֶ֖ם וּמָצָ֣א לָהֶ֑ם אִ֣ם אֶֽת כָּל דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֛ם יֵאָסֵ֥ף לָהֶ֖ם וּמָצָ֥א לָהֶֽם

Shall flocks and herds be slaughtered for them, to suffice them? Or shall all the fish of the sea be gathered for them, to suffice them?

Continuation of Moses' skeptical objectionasyndeton
A pair of hyperbolic rhetorical questions (total pastoral slaughter; emptying the sea) presses the practical impossibility of YHWH's promise from a human, resource-limited perspective, provoking the divine rebuke of v.23.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
הֲצֹ֧אן[shall] flocksinterrogative + N com sg abs · צֹאן (H6629)Subject of יִשָּׁחֵט (interrogative)צֹאן (H6629) 'flock, sheep/goats'; Moses' incredulous question about the logistics of meat.
וּבָקָ֛רand herdconj וְ + N com sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Subject, coordinate with צֹאןבָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle, herd'.
יִשָּׁחֵ֥טbe slaughteredNiphal impf 3ms · שָׁחַט (H7819)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Yiqtol: modal/potential, passive - 'would... be slaughtered'שָׁחַט (H7819) Niphal passive 'to be slaughtered'; envisions wholesale slaughter of the flocks as the only conceivable source of sufficient meat.
לָהֶ֖םfor themprep + 3mp suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to, for'; with 3mp suffix, indirect object referring to the people.
וּמָצָ֣אand sufficeQal weqatal 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (continuing rhetorical question)→ Weqatal: continuing modal question - 'would it suffice?'מָצָא (H4672) 'to find'; idiomatically 'be found/prove sufficient' for them.
לָהֶ֑םfor themprep + 3mp suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to, for'; with 3mp suffix, indirect object referring to the people.
אִ֣םorconj · אִם (H518)Disjunctive conjunction (second alternative question)אִם (H518) disjunctive 'or', introducing the second rhetorical alternative.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object (construct chain)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct chain כָּל הָעָם, direct object of the verb.
דְּגֵ֥יfish ofN m pl constr · דָּג (H1709)Genitive in construct chainדָּג (H1709) 'fish'.
הַיָּ֛םthe seaart + N m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Genitive in construct chainיָם (H3220) 'sea'; hyperbolic escalation - not even emptying the sea would suffice, in Moses' estimation.
יֵאָסֵ֥ףbe gatheredNiphal impf 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Yiqtol: modal/potential, passiveאָסַף (H622) Niphal passive 'to be gathered'; same root as the elders' 'gathering' in v.16, now used hyperbolically of fish.
לָהֶ֖םfor themprep + 3mp suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to, for'; with 3mp suffix, indirect object referring to the people.
וּמָצָ֥אand sufficeQal weqatal 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (continuing rhetorical question)→ Weqatal: continuing modal questionמָצָא (H4672) 'to find'; repeated idiom, 'would it prove sufficient?'
לָהֶֽםfor themprep + 3mp suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to, for'; with 3mp suffix, indirect object referring to the people.
23

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה הֲיַ֥ד יְהוָ֖ה תִּקְצָ֑ר עַתָּ֥ה תִרְאֶ֛ה הֲיִקְרְךָ֥ דְבָרִ֖י אִם לֹֽא

And YHWH said to Moses, 'Is the LORD's hand too short? Now you will see whether my word comes true for you or not.'

Divine rebuke, resolving Moses' objectionוַ
YHWH's terse rebuke ('is my hand too short?') becomes a stock biblical idiom for divine sufficiency (cf. Isa 50:2, 59:1); the chapter pivots immediately from debate to enactment in vv.24ff.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; YHWH's rebuke to Moses' doubt.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריְהוָה (H3068); subject, speaking the divine word.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; the addressee named as object of the preposition.
הֲיַ֥ד[is] the hand ofinterrogative + N com sg constr · יָד (H3027)Subject of תִּקְצָר (interrogative)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; idiom 'the hand of YHWH' = his power/capability; challenges Moses' implicit doubt about divine power.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chainיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive in construct chain naming what belongs to or comes from YHWH.
תִּקְצָ֑רtoo shortQal impf 3fs · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Yiqtol: modal/potential - a challenged possibilityקָצַר (H7114) 'to be short'; idiom 'is the hand short' = is power limited - a direct rebuttal of Moses' resource-based skepticism.
עַתָּ֥הnowadverb · עַתָּה (H6258)Temporal adverbעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; marks the imminent demonstration.
תִרְאֶ֛הyou will seeQal impf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause, future)→ Yiqtol: future - promised imminent demonstrationרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; Moses will witness the fulfillment firsthand.
הֲיִקְרְךָ֥whether it will happen to youinterrogative + Qal impf 3ms + 2ms suffix · קָרָה (H7136)Predicate verb (embedded interrogative clause)→ Yiqtol: modal - the tested outcomeקָרָה (H7136) 'to happen, befall'; will Moses' skepticism or YHWH's word 'meet/befall' reality - a test of whose word proves true.
דְבָרִ֖יmy wordN m sg constr + 1cs suffix · דָּבָר (H1697)Subject of הֲיִקְרְךָדָּבָר (H1697) 'word'; YHWH's promised word, whose fulfillment is now put to the test.
אִםorconj · אִם (H518)Disjunctive conjunctionאִם (H518) disjunctive, 'or (not)'.
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle
24

וַיֵּצֵ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיְדַבֵּר֙ אֶל הָעָ֔ם אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֞ף שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִישׁ֙ מִזִּקְנֵ֣י הָעָ֔ם וַֽיַּעֲמֵ֥ד אֹתָ֖ם סְבִיבֹ֥ת הָאֹֽהֶל

So Moses went out and told the people the words of YHWH, and he gathered seventy men of the elders of the people and stationed them around the tent.

Narrative enactment of the divine commandsוַ
A rapid sequence of four wayyiqtol verbs shows Moses' immediate, unquestioning obedience, contrasting sharply with his earlier despair and doubt.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֵּצֵ֣אand he went outQal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; Moses' compliance begins immediately.
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֵּצֵאמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject, immediately obeying YHWH's instructions.
וַיְדַבֵּר֙and he toldPiel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; Moses relays YHWH's instructions faithfully.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Indirect objectעַם (H5971) 'people'; recipient of Moses' report of YHWH's words.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
דִּבְרֵ֣יwords ofN m pl constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Direct object (construct chain)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word'; construct with יְהוָה.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chainיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive in construct chain naming what belongs to or comes from YHWH.
וַיֶּאֱסֹ֞ףand he gatheredQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'to gather'; fulfilling YHWH's command of v.16.
שִׁבְעִ֥יםseventycardinal number · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Numeral modifying אִישׁשִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy'; the number now enacted, echoing v.16.
אִישׁ֙menN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Direct object of וַיֶּאֱסֹףאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; counted unit, as in v.16.
מִזִּקְנֵ֣יfrom the elders ofprep מִן + Adj m pl constr · זָקֵן (H2205)Partitive prepositional phraseזָקֵן (H2205) 'elder'; partitive, from whom the seventy are drawn, as commanded in v.16.
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; genitive within a construct chain, Israel as the mass Moses must bear or lead.
וַֽיַּעֲמֵ֥דand he stationedHiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) Hiphil 'to cause to stand, station'; Moses arranges the elders around the tent, fulfilling v.16's directive.
אֹתָ֖םthemobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + 3mp suffix
סְבִיבֹ֥תaroundN com pl constr · סָבִיב (H5439)Locative prepositional/adverbial phrase (construct)סָבִיב (H5439) 'surrounding, around'.
הָאֹֽהֶלthe tentart + N m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Genitive in construct chainאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; here the tent of meeting.
25

וַיֵּ֨רֶד יְהוָ֥ה בֶּעָנָן֮ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָיו֒ וַיָּ֗אצֶל מִן הָר֨וּחַ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֕ן עַל שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ הַזְּקֵנִ֑ים וַיְהִ֗י כְּנ֤וֹחַ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ הָר֔וּחַ וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ וְלֹ֥א יָסָֽפוּ

And YHWH came down in the cloud and spoke to him, and took some of the spirit that was on him and put it on the seventy elders; and as the spirit rested on them they prophesied, but they did not continue doing so.

Narrative fulfillment of vv.16-17וַ
The theophany and spirit-distribution enact YHWH's promise precisely; the elders' brief, non-repeating prophecy functions as a public sign authenticating their new authority rather than instituting ongoing prophetic office.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיֵּ֨רֶדand he came downQal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - theophanic descentיָרַד (H3381) 'to descend'; fulfilling YHWH's promise of v.17.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיֵּרֶדיְהוָה (H3068); subject, the theophanic actor descending as promised.
בֶּעָנָן֮in the cloudprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עָנָן (H6051)Locative/instrumental prepositional phraseעָנָן (H6051) 'cloud'; the visible medium of theophany, as at Sinai and the tabernacle (Exod 40:34).
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand he spokePiel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'.
אֵלָיו֒to himprep + 3ms suffix · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (addressee, i.e. Moses)אֶל (H413) 'to'; with 3ms suffix, referring to Moses, the addressee of YHWH's speech.
וַיָּ֗אצֶלand he tookQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָצַל (H680)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָצַל (H680) 'to withdraw, apportion'; enacting the promise of v.17.
מִןfrom, some ofprep · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase
הָר֨וּחַ֙the spiritart + N com sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Object of prepositionרוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit'; the spirit resting on Moses, now shared - not divided or diminished.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the following relative clause.
עָלָ֔יוwas on himprep + 3ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Predicate of relative clause (locative)עַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 3ms suffix, referring to Moses.
וַיִּתֵּ֕ןand he putQal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'.
עַלuponprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase
שִׁבְעִ֥יםseventycardinal number · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Numeral modifying אִישׁשִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy'; the number now enacted, echoing v.16.
אִ֖ישׁmenN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Object of preposition (recipient)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; recipient unit of the spirit.
הַזְּקֵנִ֑יםthe eldersart + Adj m pl abs · זָקֵן (H2205)Attributive apposition to אִישׁזָקֵן (H2205) 'elder'.
וַיְהִ֗יand it happenedQal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, temporal formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, introducing a temporal clauseהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, happen'; introduces the temporal circumstance of the spirit's resting.
כְּנ֤וֹחַas it restedprep כְּ + Qal inf constr · נוּחַ (H5117)Temporal subordinate clause (infinitive construct with prep)→ Infinitive construct: temporal, 'as/when it rested'נוּחַ (H5117) 'to rest, settle'; the spirit's alighting, echoing theophanic imagery of divine presence coming to rest.
עֲלֵיהֶם֙upon themprep + 3mp suffix · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 3mp suffix, the elders receiving the spirit's rest.
הָר֔וּחַthe spiritart + N com sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Subject of the infinitive clauseרוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit'; subject of the temporal clause describing its resting on the elders.
וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּand they prophesiedHitpael wayyiqtol 3mp · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - the immediate sign of the spirit's presenceנָבָא (H5012) Hitpael 'to prophesy'; ecstatic, Spirit-induced speech confirming the elders' equipping, a one-time sign rather than an ongoing office.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle
יָסָֽפוּthey continuedQal perf 3cp · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (negated main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, bounded event - the prophesying did not recurיָסַף (H3254) 'to add, continue'; negated, 'they did not do so again' - a one-time confirmatory sign, not a continuing gift.
26

וַיִּשָּׁאֲר֣וּ שְׁנֵֽי אֲנָשִׁ֣ים בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֡ה שֵׁ֣ם הָאֶחָ֣ד אֶלְדָּ֡ד וְשֵׁם֩ הַשֵּׁנִ֨י מֵידָ֜ד וַתָּ֧נַח עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם הָר֗וּחַ וְהֵ֨מָּה֙ בַּכְּתֻבִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָצְא֖וּ הָאֹ֑הֱלָה וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה

But two men remained in the camp; the name of one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad, and the spirit rested on them (they were among those enrolled but had not gone out to the tent), and they prophesied in the camp.

Exceptional narrative asideוַ
The Eldad-and-Medad episode complicates the tidy institutional picture of vv.24-25: the Spirit is not confined to the formal assembly at the tent, prophesying instead among the ordinary camp - a theological point Moses will affirm rather than suppress in v.29.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּשָּׁאֲר֣וּand they remainedNiphal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - an exceptional case introducedשָׁאַר (H7604) Niphal 'to remain, be left'; introduces the exceptional case of two elders who stayed behind.
שְׁנֵֽיtwo ofcardinal number (dual constr) · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral, subject (construct chain)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
אֲנָשִׁ֣יםmenN m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of וַיִּשָּׁאֲרוּ (genitive in construct)אִישׁ (H376) plural אֲנָשִׁים 'men'.
בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֡הin the campprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Locative prepositional phraseמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; the site of the unsanctioned but genuine prophesying.
שֵׁ֣םname ofN m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Subject of verbless clause (construct chain)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name'.
הָאֶחָ֣דthe oneart + cardinal number · אֶחָד (H259)Genitive in construct chainאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; substantivized with article, 'the one (of the two)'.
אֶלְדָּ֡דEldadproper noun · אֶלְדָּד (H419)Predicate nominative (the name given)אֶלְדָּד (H419) 'Eldad', 'God has loved'; one of two elders who prophesy outside the formal assembly, named here and in v.27.
וְשֵׁם֩and the name ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Subject of second verbless clause (construct chain)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; introducing the second man's name.
הַשֵּׁנִ֨יthe secondart + ordinal number · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Genitive in construct chainשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; ordinal, 'the other (of the two)'.
מֵידָ֜דMedadproper noun · מֵידָד (H4312)Predicate nominative (the name given)מֵידָד (H4312) 'Medad', 'affectionate/beloved'; the second of the two exceptional prophesying elders.
וַתָּ֧נַחand it restedQal wayyiqtol 3fs · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּחַ (H5117) 'to rest'; same root as v.25's כְּנוֹחַ, showing the spirit's equipping extends beyond the formally assembled seventy.
עֲלֵיהֶ֣םupon themprep + 3mp suffix · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 3mp suffix, the elders receiving the spirit's rest.
הָר֗וּחַthe spiritart + N com sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Subject of וַתָּנַחרוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit'; the same spirit given to the seventy now rests on these two as well.
וְהֵ֨מָּה֙now theyconj וְ + independent pron 3mp · הֵם (H1992)Subject of parenthetical verbless clauseהֵם/הֵמָּה (H1992), 3mp independent pronoun, introducing a parenthetical explanatory aside.
בַּכְּתֻבִ֔יםwere among those enrolledprep בְּ + art + Qal passive ptc mp · כָּתַב (H3789)Predicate (participial, verbless clause)→ Participle (passive): describing a settled state - registered/listed among the seventyכָּתַב (H3789) Qal passive ptc 'those written/enrolled'; indicates Eldad and Medad had been officially listed among the seventy despite not going out to the tent.
וְלֹ֥אbut notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle
יָצְא֖וּthey had gone outQal perf 3cp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (parenthetical clause)→ Perfective: a completed (negated) act, background informationיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; explains their physical absence from the formal gathering at the tent.
הָאֹ֑הֱלָהto the tentart + N m sg abs + directional he · אֹהֶל (H168)Directional object (he-locale)אֹהֶל (H168) with directional ה, 'to/toward the tent'.
וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּand they prophesiedHitpael wayyiqtol 3mp · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (main clause, resuming narrative)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - the anomalous signנָבָא (H5012) Hitpael 'to prophesy'; the spirit-sign occurs even away from the sanctioned assembly, foreshadowing the tension resolved in v.29.
בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽהin the campprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Locative prepositional phraseמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; the site of the unsanctioned but genuine prophesying.
27

וַיָּ֣רָץ הַנַּ֔עַר וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לְמֹשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֶלְדָּ֣ד וּמֵידָ֔ד מִֽתְנַבְּאִ֖ים בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה

And a young man ran and told Moses, 'Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp.'

Narrative complication - the reportוַ
The unnamed youth's urgent report frames the incident as a potential problem requiring adjudication, setting up Joshua's alarmed reaction in v.28 and Moses' magnanimous response in v.29.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיָּ֣רָץand he ranQal wayyiqtol 3ms · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּץ (H7323) 'to run'; the urgency of the report.
הַנַּ֔עַרthe young manart + N m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Subject of וַיָּרָץנַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; unnamed here, traditionally associated with Joshua's attendant circle.
וַיַּגֵּ֥דand he toldHiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil 'to tell, report'.
לְמֹשֶׁ֖הto Mosesprep לְ + proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Indirect objectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; recipient of the young man's urgent report.
וַיֹּאמַ֑רand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause), introducing direct speech→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces the following direct speech.
אֶלְדָּ֣דEldadproper noun · אֶלְדָּד (H419)Subject of מִתְנַבְּאִיםאֶלְדָּד (H419) 'Eldad'; named again as subject of the reported action.
וּמֵידָ֔דand Medadconj וְ + proper noun · מֵידָד (H4312)Subject, coordinateמֵידָד (H4312) 'Medad'; coordinate subject.
מִֽתְנַבְּאִ֖יםare prophesyingHitpael ptc mp · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate (participial, verbless clause)→ Participle: durative present, ongoing action being reportedנָבָא (H5012) Hitpael participle 'prophesying'; the report's present-tense urgency.
בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽהin the campprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Locative prepositional phraseמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; the site of the unsanctioned but genuine prophesying.
28

וַיַּ֜עַן יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן נ֗וּן מְשָׁרֵ֥ת מֹשֶׁ֛ה מִבְּחֻרָ֖יו וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנִ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה כְּלָאֵֽם

And Joshua the son of Nun, the attendant of Moses, one of his chosen men, answered and said, 'My lord Moses, stop them!'

Zealous objection to the anomalous prophecyוַ
Joshua's demand to restrain Eldad and Medad reveals an institutional/hierarchical anxiety - unsanctioned prophecy outside the tent threatens perceived order - which Moses' famous reply in v.29 explicitly rebukes.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיַּ֜עַןand he answeredQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'to answer'; Joshua's alarmed intervention.
יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַJoshuaproper noun · יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (H3091)Subject of וַיַּעַןיְהוֹשֻׁעַ (H3091) 'Joshua', 'YHWH is salvation'; Moses' close aide, later his successor.
בִּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition to יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
נ֗וּןNunproper noun · נוּן (H5126)Genitive in construct chainנוּן (H5126) 'Nun', Joshua's father.
מְשָׁרֵ֥תattendant ofPiel ptc ms constr · שָׁרַת (H8334)Apposition to יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (substantival participle, construct)→ Participle: substantival, denoting an ongoing office/roleשָׁרַת (H8334) Piel ptc 'attendant, minister'; Joshua's official role as Moses' personal aide (cf. Exod 24:13; 33:11).
מֹשֶׁ֛הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Genitive in construct chainמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; genitive within a construct chain.
מִבְּחֻרָ֖יוfrom his chosen onesprep מִן + N com pl constr + 3ms suffix · בָּחוּר (H979)Partitive prepositional phrase (apposition)בָּחוּר (H979) 'young/chosen man'; 'from his chosen men' - Joshua as one of Moses' select young aides, from the root בָּחַר 'to choose'.
וַיֹּאמַ֑רand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause), introducing direct speech→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces the following direct speech.
אֲדֹנִ֥יmy lordN m sg constr + 1cs suffix · אָדוֹן (H113)Vocative (address)אָדוֹן (H113) 'lord, master'; respectful address to Moses.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Apposition to אֲדֹנִי (vocative)מֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; in apposition to אֲדֹנִי, Joshua's respectful address.
כְּלָאֵֽםrestrain them!Qal impv 2ms + 3mp suffix · כָּלָא (H3607)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: urgent imperative demandכָּלָא (H3607) 'to restrain, withhold, forbid'; Joshua's zealous demand to suppress the unauthorized prophesying, protective of Moses' unique authority.
29

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַֽמְקַנֵּ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לִ֑י וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן כָּל עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ נְבִיאִ֔ים כִּי יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת רוּח֖וֹ עֲלֵיהֶֽם

But Moses said to him, 'Are you jealous for my sake? Would that all YHWH's people were prophets, that YHWH would put his spirit on them!'

Moses' magnanimous rebuke and theological wishוַ
The chapter's most celebrated line: Moses refuses institutional gatekeeping and voices a universalist longing for the Spirit's democratization among all the people, a wish later taken up as fulfilled at Pentecost (Acts 2:17-18, echoing Joel 2:28-29).
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Moses' magnanimous reply, the chapter's theological high point.
לוֹ֙to himprep + 3ms suffix · לְIndirect objectלְ preposition 'to'; with 3ms suffix, referring to Joshua, the recipient of Moses' reply.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject, voicing his complaint or reply.
הַֽמְקַנֵּ֥אare you jealous?interrogative + Piel ptc ms · קָנָא (H7065)Predicate (participial, interrogative verbless clause)→ Participle: durative present, questioning an ongoing attitudeקָנָא (H7065) Piel ptc 'jealous, zealous'; Moses gently rebukes Joshua's protective zeal, reframing it as misplaced jealousy on Moses' own behalf.
אַתָּ֖הyouindependent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject (resuming/reinforcing the participle)אַתָּה (H859), 2ms independent pronoun, resuming/reinforcing the participle הַמְקַנֵּא.
לִ֑יfor meprep + 1cs suffix · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of interest)לְ preposition 'for'; with 1cs suffix, dative of interest - jealous 'on my behalf'.
וּמִ֨יand whoconj וְ + interrogative pron · מִי (H4310)Interrogative pronoun, subject of יִתֵּן (optative idiom)מִי (H4310) with יִתֵּן, idiom 'who would give' = 'would that, oh that' - a classic Hebrew optative construction.
יִתֵּ֜ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (optative idiom)→ Yiqtol: optative/desiderative - expressing a wishנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; in the idiom מִי יִתֵּן, 'would that...!' - Moses' famous wish for universal prophecy.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subject of the wished-for state (construct chain)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; construct chain כָּל עַם יְהוָה, the whole covenant people.
עַ֤םthe people ofN m sg constr · עַם (H5971)Genitive in construct chainעַם (H5971) 'people'; construct with יְהוָה.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chainיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive in construct chain naming what belongs to or comes from YHWH.
נְבִיאִ֔יםprophetsN m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Predicate complement of the wished-for stateנָבִיא (H5030) 'prophet'; the object of Moses' wish - universal prophetic endowment, echoed in Joel 2:28-29 / Acts 2.
כִּיthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, purpose/result (with the optative)כִּי (H3588) explicating the means by which the wish would be realized.
יִתֵּ֧ןwould putQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (subordinate purpose clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/desiderative continuing the wishנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'; parallel to the preceding, YHWH's giving of the spirit as the means of universal prophecy.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of יִתֵּןיְהוָה (H3068); subject, the one who would grant universal prophecy.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
רוּח֖וֹhis spiritN com sg constr + 3ms suffix · רוּחַ (H7307)Direct object of יִתֵּןרוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit'; the same spirit distributed to the seventy, now wished for all.
עֲלֵיהֶֽםupon themprep + 3mp suffix · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'upon'; with 3mp suffix, the object of Moses' wish - the spirit resting on all the people.
30

וַיֵּאָסֵ֥ף מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה ה֖וּא וְזִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And Moses returned to the camp, he and the elders of Israel.

Narrative closure of the elders-episodeוַ
A brief notice closes the seventy-elders unit (vv.16-30) before the narrative pivots to the quail episode (vv.31-35), Moses and the elders now reintegrated into the camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֵּאָסֵ֥ףand he returnedNiphal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - closing the tent-of-meeting sceneאָסַף (H622) Niphal 'to withdraw, be gathered (back)'; here 'returned/withdrew' from the tent to the camp proper.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֵּאָסֵףמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject, returning to camp.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑הthe campart + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Object of prepositionמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; Israel's traveling encampment, object of the preposition here.
ה֖וּאheindependent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject, emphatic apposition/resumptionהוּא (H1931), 3ms pronoun, emphatic apposition to מֹשֶׁה.
וְזִקְנֵ֥יand the elders ofconj וְ + Adj m pl constr · זָקֵן (H2205)Subject, coordinate (construct chain)זָקֵן (H2205) 'elder'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive in construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); genitive in construct chain, the whole covenant people from whom the seventy are drawn.
31

וְר֜וּחַ נָסַ֣ע מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֣גָז שַׂלְוִים֮ מִן הַיָּם֒ וַיִּטֹּ֨שׁ עַל הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜ה כְּדֶ֧רֶךְ י֣וֹם כֹּ֗ה וּכְדֶ֤רֶךְ יוֹם֙ כֹּ֔ה סְבִיב֖וֹת הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וּכְאַמָּתַ֖יִם עַל פְּנֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ

Then a wind set out from YHWH and swept quail in from the sea, and let them fall beside the camp, about a day's journey on this side and a day's journey on that side, all around the camp, and about two cubits above the ground.

Narrative shift - the quail episode beginsוְ
The narrative pivots from the elders' spirit-endowment (רוּחַ resting on the seventy) to a literal רוּחַ that delivers the promised meat, a deliberate wordplay linking the chapter's two forms of divine provision; the massive scale (a day's journey in each direction, two cubits deep) signals abundance and the coming excess of vv.33-34.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְר֜וּחַand a windconj וְ + N com sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Subject of נָסַערוּחַ (H7307) 'wind, spirit'; here the meteorological sense, deliberately echoing the 'spirit' just given to the elders (vv.17,25,29), now operating in nature.
נָסַ֣עwent out/set outQal perf 3ms · נָסַע (H5265)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act initiating the episodeנָסַע (H5265) 'to journey, set out'; used elsewhere of Israel's travels, here of the wind's movement.
מֵאֵ֣תfromcompound prep · מֵאֵת (H854)Source prepositional phraseאֵת (H854) 'with, from with'; compound preposition of origin, 'from with YHWH' i.e. sent by him.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of prepositionיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; object of the preposition in this phrase.
וַיָּ֣גָזand it drove/sweptQal wayyiqtol 3ms · גּוּז (H1468)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגּוּז (H1468) 'to sweep away, drive'; rare root describing the wind's forceful sweeping of the quail from over the sea.
שַׂלְוִים֮quailN f pl abs · שְׂלָו (H7958)Direct object of וַיָּגָזשְׂלָו (H7958) 'quail'; the small migratory bird crossing the Sinai/Red Sea region in vast flocks each season, here supernaturally directed.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Source prepositional phrase
הַיָּם֒the seaart + N m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Object of prepositionיָם (H3220) 'sea'; likely the Red Sea/Gulf of Aqaba, along the quails' migratory route.
וַיִּטֹּ֨שׁand it let fallQal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָטַשׁ (H5203)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָטַשׁ (H5203) 'to leave, let fall, spread out'; the wind deposits the exhausted birds over the camp.
עַלupon/besideprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜הthe campart + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Object of prepositionמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; Israel's traveling encampment, object of the preposition here.
כְּדֶ֧רֶךְabout a journey ofprep כְּ + N com sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Adverbial phrase of extent (construct chain)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'way, journey, distance'; measuring the vast extent of the quail-fall.
י֣וֹםa dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive in construct chainיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; measuring the vast extent of the quail-fall on each side of the camp.
כֹּ֗הon this sideadverb · כֹּה (H3541)Adverb of directionכֹּה (H3541) 'thus, here'; paired with its repetition below, 'this way... that way'.
וּכְדֶ֤רֶךְand about a journey ofconj וְ + prep כְּ + N com sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Adverbial phrase of extent, coordinateדֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'way, distance'; coordinate with the preceding, extending the measure to the other side.
יוֹם֙a dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive in construct chainיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; measuring the vast extent of the quail-fall on each side of the camp.
כֹּ֔הon that sideadverb · כֹּה (H3541)Adverb of direction
סְבִיב֖וֹתaroundN com pl constr · סָבִיב (H5439)Locative adverbial phrase (construct)סָבִיב (H5439) 'surrounding, around'; encompassing the whole perimeter of the camp.
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑הthe campart + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Genitive in construct chainמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; genitive within a construct chain of location.
וּכְאַמָּתַ֖יִםand about two cubitsconj וְ + prep כְּ + N f dual abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial phrase of measureאַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; dual, 'two cubits' - the height above the ground at which the quail flew/piled.
עַלuponprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN com pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of preposition (construct chain)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; idiom 'upon the face of the ground' = over the surface.
הָאָֽרֶץthe ground/earthart + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive in construct chainאֶרֶץ (H776) 'earth, ground'; the terrain around the camp where the quail fell.
32

וַיָּ֣קָם הָעָ֡ם כָּל הַיּוֹם֩ הַה֨וּא וְכָל הַלַּ֜יְלָה וְכֹ֣ל י֣וֹם הַֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַיַּֽאַסְפוּ֙ אֶת הַשְּׂלָ֔ו הַמַּמְעִ֕יט אָסַ֖ף עֲשָׂרָ֣ה חֳמָרִ֑ים וַיִּשְׁטְח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ שָׁט֔וֹחַ סְבִיב֖וֹת הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה

And the people rose up all that day and all night and all the next day, and gathered the quail; he who gathered least gathered ten homers; and they spread them out for themselves all around the camp.

Narrative escalation - excessive gatheringוַ
The relentless 36-hour gathering and staggering minimum yield (ten homers per person) visually enact the coming judgment of v.20 - the craved food arrives in an excess that will prove sickening, not satisfying.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיָּ֣קָםand he/they rose upQal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - frenzied activity beginsקוּם (H6965) 'to rise, stand up'; the people's eager, sustained effort to gather the quail.
הָעָ֡םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of וַיָּקָםעַם (H5971) 'people'; subject of the frenzied gathering.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial accusative of time (extent, construct chain)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; construct chain כָּל הַיּוֹם, marking the extent of continuous gathering.
הַיּוֹם֩the dayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive in construct chainיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; genitive with the demonstrative, 'that day'.
הַה֨וּאthatart + independent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַיּוֹםהוּא (H1931) with article, demonstrative 'that (day)', as in v.3.
וְכָלand all ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial accusative of time, coordinateכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; coordinate adverbial extending the duration of continuous gathering.
הַלַּ֜יְלָהthe nightart + N m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Genitive in construct chainלַיְלָה (H3915) 'night'.
וְכֹ֣לand all ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial accusative of time, coordinateכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; coordinate adverbial extending the duration of continuous gathering.
י֣וֹםthe day ofN m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive in construct chainיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; construct with הַמָּחֳרָת, 'the day of the morrow'.
הַֽמָּחֳרָ֗תthe next day/morrowart + N f sg abs · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Genitive in construct chainמָחֳרָת (H4283) 'the next day, morrow'; the gathering continues for a full 36 hours, underscoring frenzied excess.
וַיַּֽאַסְפוּ֙and they gatheredQal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'to gather'; the same root used of gathering the elders (v.16), now of the quail's excessive collection.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַשְּׂלָ֔וthe quailart + N f sg abs · שְׂלָו (H7958)Direct object of וַיַּאַסְפוּשְׂלָו (H7958) 'quail'; direct object of the gathering, see v.31.
הַמַּמְעִ֕יטthe one who gathered leastart + Hiphil ptc ms · מָעַט (H4591)Subject of אָסַף (substantival participle)→ Participle: substantival, denoting the minimal-case individualמָעַט (H4591) Hiphil ptc 'the one who did little/least'; contrasted implicitly with 'the one who gathered much' (cf. 2 Cor 8:15's citation of Exod 16:18).
אָסַ֖ףgatheredQal perf 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (main clause, resuming after subject)→ Perfective: a completed act, the reported minimum yieldאָסַף (H622) 'to gather'; states the astonishing minimum haul.
עֲשָׂרָ֣הtencardinal number · עֶשֶׂר (H6235)Numeral modifying חֳמָרִיםעֶשֶׂר (H6235) 'ten'; modifying חֳמָרִים, the staggering minimum yield.
חֳמָרִ֑יםhomersN m pl abs · חֹמֶר (H2563)Direct object of אָסַף (measure)חֹמֶר (H2563) 'homer', a large dry-measure unit (roughly 220 liters); ten homers per person is a staggering, excessive quantity, foreshadowing the gluttony that provokes the plague.
וַיִּשְׁטְח֤וּand they spread outQal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁטַח (H7849)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁטַח (H7849) 'to spread out'; drying the quail meat in the sun, a preservation technique for the vast surplus.
לָהֶם֙for themselvesprep + 3mp suffix · לְReflexive/benefactive prepositional phraseלְ preposition 'for'; with 3mp suffix, reflexive/benefactive - the people spreading the quail for their own use.
שָׁט֔וֹחַspreading, thoroughlyQal inf abs · שָׁטַח (H7849)Infinitive absolute intensifying וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic reinforcement of the finite verb - extensive spreadingשָׁטַח (H7849) infinitive absolute reinforcing the finite verb, emphasizing the extensive scale of the drying operation.
סְבִיב֖וֹתaroundN com pl constr · סָבִיב (H5439)Locative adverbial phrase (construct)סָבִיב (H5439) 'surrounding, around'; encompassing the whole perimeter of the camp.
הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽהthe campart + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Genitive in construct chainמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; genitive within a construct chain of location.
33

הַבָּשָׂ֗ר עוֹדֶ֨נּוּ֙ בֵּ֣ין שִׁנֵּיהֶ֔ם טֶ֖רֶם יִכָּרֵ֑ת וְאַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ חָרָ֣ה בָעָ֔ם וַיַּ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ בָּעָ֔ם מַכָּ֖ה רַבָּ֥ה מְאֹֽד

While the meat was still between their teeth, before it was consumed, the anger of YHWH burned against the people, and YHWH struck the people with a very great plague.

Climactic judgment, resolving the craving-cycleוְ
The plague strikes at the very moment of consumption - the craved meat is still being chewed - making explicit that the sin was the craving/rejection of v.20, not the eating itself; closes the meat-cycle opened at v.4 with the same 'burning anger' vocabulary as the Taberah fire of v.1.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
הַבָּשָׂ֗רthe meatart + N m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Subject of the temporal clauseבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'meat'; the very object of the whole chapter's craving, now the occasion of judgment.
עוֹדֶ֨נּוּ֙was stilladverb + 3ms suffix · עוֹד (H5750)Predicate adverb (with suffix, 'it still...')עוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet'; with 3ms suffix, 'it was still [there]'.
בֵּ֣יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Locative prepositional phrase
שִׁנֵּיהֶ֔םtheir teethN com dual constr + 3mp suffix · שֵׁן (H8127)Object of prepositionשֵׁן (H8127) 'tooth'; dual, vivid image of the meat literally still being chewed.
טֶ֖רֶםbeforeadverb · טֶרֶם (H2962)Temporal adverb/subordinatorטֶרֶם (H2962) 'not yet, before'; heightens the shock - judgment falls even before the eating is finished.
יִכָּרֵ֑תit was cut off/consumedNiphal impf 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (temporal clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/future within a temporal clause, passiveכָּרַת (H3772) Niphal passive 'to be cut off'; here of the meat being fully consumed/used up.
וְאַ֤ףand the anger ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · אַף (H639)Subject of חָרָה (construct chain)אַף (H639) 'nose, anger'; construct with יְהוָה, closing the chapter's אַף-inclusio begun in vv.1,10.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chainיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive in construct chain naming what belongs to or comes from YHWH.
חָרָ֣הburnedQal perf 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act - divine wrath ignitesחָרָה (H2734) 'to burn (of anger)'; the third occurrence of this verb in the chapter (vv.1,10,33), marking the final and most severe outburst.
בָעָ֔םagainst the peopleprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Locative/adversative prepositional phraseעַם (H5971) 'people'; object of YHWH's kindled anger.
וַיַּ֤ךְand he struckHiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָכָה (H5221)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - the fatal blowנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike, smite'; direct divine action causing the plague.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיַּךְיְהוָה (H3068); subject, the direct agent of the plague.
בָּעָ֔םthe peopleprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Object of preposition (locative/adversative)עַם (H5971) 'people'; the target of the striking blow.
מַכָּ֖הa plague/blowN f sg abs · מַכָּה (H4347)Adverbial accusative (instrumental/manner)מַכָּה (H4347) 'blow, plague, defeat'; cognate to וַיַּךְ, forming another figura etymologica - 'struck them with a striking'.
רַבָּ֥הgreatAdj f sg abs · רַב (H7227)Attributive adjective modifying מַכָּהרַב (H7227) 'great, many'.
מְאֹֽדveryadverb · מְאֹד (H3966)Adverbial intensifier modifying רַבָּהמְאֹד (H3966) 'very, exceedingly'; intensifies the severity of the plague.
34

וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת שֵֽׁם הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא קִבְר֣וֹת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה כִּי שָׁם֙ קָֽבְר֔וּ אֶת הָעָ֖ם הַמִּתְאַוִּֽים

So he called the name of that place Kibroth-hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had craved.

Etiological conclusion, closing the craving-cycleוַ
The second place-name etiology of the chapter permanently seals the craving-narrative's moral: the very people who craved (מִתְאַוִּים) are buried at 'Graves of Craving,' forming a grim inclusio with v.4's הִתְאַוּוּ תַּאֲוָה.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּקְרָ֛אand he calledQal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - final etiological namingקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; matching v.3's naming formula, bracketing the chapter's two place-name etiologies.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שֵֽׁםname ofN m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct object (construct chain)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; object of the second etiological naming, matching v.3.
הַמָּק֥וֹםthe placeart + N m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Genitive in construct chainמָקוֹם (H4725) 'place'; genitive in the naming formula, as in v.3.
הַה֖וּאthatart + independent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Attributive demonstrativeהוּא (H1931) with article, demonstrative 'that (aforementioned)', as in v.3.
קִבְר֣וֹתKibroth-proper noun (construct) · קֶבֶר (H6914)Predicate nominative, first element of the compound nameקֶבֶר (H6914, as part of the proper name) 'graves'; construct form 'graves of...', forming the place-name with the following תַּאֲוָה.
הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה-hattaavahproper noun · תַּאֲוָה (H8378)Predicate nominative, second element of the compound nameתַּאֲוָה (H8378) 'craving'; 'Graves of Craving' - the etiological name recalling הִתְאַוּוּ תַּאֲוָה of v.4, permanently marking the site of judgment.
כִּיbecauseconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction, causal
שָׁם֙thereadverb · שָׁם (H8033)Adverb of place
קָֽבְר֔וּthey buriedQal perf 3cp · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act grounding the etymologyקָבַר (H6912) 'to bury'; the root of the place-name's first element, made explicit here.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Direct object of קָבְרוּעַם (H5971) 'people'; those buried, modified by the following participle.
הַמִּתְאַוִּֽיםwho had cravedart + Hitpael ptc mp · אָוָה (H183)Attributive participle modifying הָעָם→ Participle: attributive, characterizing those who died - 'the craving ones'אָוָה (H183) Hitpael participle 'the craving/lusting ones'; same root as הִתְאַוּוּ of v.4, closing the inclusio - those who craved are the ones buried.
35

מִקִּבְר֧וֹת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֛ה נָסְע֥וּ הָעָ֖ם חֲצֵר֑וֹת וַיִּהְי֖וּ בַּחֲצֵרֽוֹת

From Kibroth-hattaavah the people journeyed to Hazeroth, and they remained at Hazeroth.

Itinerary notice, closing the chapterasyndeton
A terse travel notice closes the chapter with the standard wilderness-itinerary formula, moving the narrative physically away from the site of judgment toward Hazeroth, the setting of the next crisis (Num 12).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִקִּבְר֧וֹתfrom Kibroth-prep מִן + proper noun (construct) · קֶבֶר (H6914)Source prepositional phrase, first element of proper nameקֶבֶר (H6914) 'graves'; with מִן, 'from Kibroth-...'.
הַֽתַּאֲוָ֛ה-hattaavahproper noun · תַּאֲוָה (H8378)Second element of proper name (in apposition)תַּאֲוָה (H8378) 'craving'; completing the place-name just etymologized in v.34.
נָסְע֥וּjourneyedQal perf 3cp · נָסַע (H5265)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act - the itinerary noticeנָסַע (H5265) 'to journey, set out'; standard itinerary-formula verb, echoing v.31's use of the same root for the wind.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of נָסְעוּעַם (H5971) 'people'; subject of the closing itinerary notice.
חֲצֵר֑וֹתHazerothproper noun · חֲצֵרוֹת (H2698)Directional accusative (destination)חֲצֵרוֹת (H2698) 'Hazeroth', 'enclosures/settlements'; the next encampment on Israel's wilderness itinerary (cf. Num 33:17-18).
וַיִּהְי֖וּand they were/remainedQal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance - closing itinerary noticeהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; here 'they stayed/remained', concluding the chapter's itinerary formula.
בַּחֲצֵרֽוֹתat Hazerothprep בְּ + proper noun · חֲצֵרוֹת (H2698)Locative prepositional phraseחֲצֵרוֹת (H2698) 'Hazeroth'; the encampment where Israel remained, closing the chapter's itinerary notice.