Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Leviticus, Chapter 27ויקרא 27

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

An appendix on vowed devotion: persons, animals, houses, and fields dedicated to YHWH are each priced by fixed scale or priestly assessment, redeemable at value plus a fifth, except for the irrevocable חֵרֶם and the tithe, already YHWH's due — closing the book's legislation with the economics of a life given over to God.

Translation & textual notes

Leviticus 27 is widely read as a supplementary appendix: its own colophon (v. 34, אֵלֶּה הַמִּצְוֺת אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת מֹשֶׁה) all but duplicates 26:46, which already closed the Sinai legislation with the blessings and curses. Many source-critics take ch. 27 as a later addition to the Holiness Code, appended once vow-and-valuation law needed a home; others read it as a deliberate coda, since votive gifts and the tithe belong logically after, not before, the covenant sanctions of ch. 26. The MT is textually stable throughout; the LXX and SP show only minor variation (e.g. the LXX renders עֵרֶךְ variously as τιμή). The chapter's real crux is not text-critical but lexical: חֵרֶם (vv. 21, 28-29) spans an unsettling semantic range from 'irrevocably dedicated to the sanctuary' (v. 21, the forfeited field; v. 28, most holy) to 'irrevocably condemned to destruction' (v. 29, the human חֵרֶם who is put to death without ransom) — the same root that governs holy-war annihilation in Joshua and Deuteronomy. Whether v. 29 envisions a judicially condemned capital offender or generalizes herem-warfare logic to a domestic setting remains genuinely disputed. עֵרֶךְ ('assessment'), the chapter's other keyword, occurs some twenty times and nowhere else in the Pentateuch with this technical sense. Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

Then YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:

Narrative formula opening a new divine speech unitasyndeton
The standard formula וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר opens the chapter, marking Leviticus 27 as a distinct closing unit of legislation on vows and dedications, appended after the Jubilee laws of ch. 25 and the covenant blessings/curses of ch. 26.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokePiel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the formulaic opening of a divine speechדָּבַר (Piel, H1696) 'to speak'; the standard formula וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר opens nearly every legislative unit in Leviticus.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHNp · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God (the Tetragrammaton), traditionally read אֲדֹנָי and rendered 'the LORD'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesNp · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of the preposition אֶל (addressee)מֹשֶׁה (H4872), the covenant mediator and lawgiver, recipient of the divine speech.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Complementary infinitive introducing direct speech→ Infinitive construct: introduces the verbatim divine speech to followאָמַר (Qal inf constr, H559) 'to say'; the formulaic לֵאמֹר opens direct quotation, conventionally rendered 'saying'.
2

דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַפְלִ֖א נֶ֑דֶר בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת לַֽיהוָֽה

Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When a man makes a special vow, involving the valuation of persons to YHWH,

Casuistic legal case (protasis introduced by איש כי)asyndeton
The chapter's governing case: כי + יפלא נדר בערכך sets up the entire scale of valuations that follows in vv. 3-8. ערך ('assessment') becomes the chapter's leading technical term, occurring some 20 times.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
דַּבֵּ֞רspeakPiel impv 2ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Imperative: direct command initiating the speechדָּבַר (Piel impv, H1696) 'to speak'; the imperative opening command to Moses.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּנֵ֤יthe children ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival), object of אֶלבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; plural construct 'sons/children of', the standard designation of the covenant people.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelNp · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant name of the nation, from the patriarch Jacob.
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣and you shall sayQal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the imperative chain)→ Weqatal: continuation of the preceding volitional, sequential instructionאָמַר (Qal weqatal, H559) 'to say'; the standard pairing דַּבֵּר...וְאָמַרְתָּ introduces the quoted legal instruction.
אֲלֵהֶ֔םto themprep + Sp3mp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase, indirect objectאֶל (H413) + 3mp suffix, 'to them', i.e. the Israelites.
אִ֕ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Casus pendens / topic (resumed by the following verb's subject)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; casuistic legal style fronts the subject as a topic before the conditional כִּי clause.
כִּ֥יwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Conditional/temporal conjunction introducing the casuistic protasisכִּי (H3588), here in its casuistic-legal use 'when, if', introducing the case governing the whole chapter.
יַפְלִ֖אmakes a special vowHiphil impf 3ms · פָּלָא (H6381)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: a hypothetical/potential case in casuistic lawפָּלָא (Hiphil, H6381) 'to make extraordinary, distinguish'; here idiomatic for making an unusually solemn or specific vow — the הַפְלָאַת נֶדֶר, a vow 'set apart' by its precision (cf. Num 6:2).
נֶ֑דֶרa vowN m sg abs · נֶדֶר (H5088)Direct object of יַפְלִאנֶדֶר (H5088) 'vow', from נדר 'to vow'; a voluntary, binding promise to YHWH.
בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥by your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Adverbial prepositional phrase specifying the mode of the vowעֵרֶךְ (H6187) 'valuation, assessment', with 2ms suffix in a fixed technical idiom addressed to 'you' (Moses/the priest) — 'the assessment', the fixed monetary equivalents this chapter sets.
נְפָשֹׁ֖תpersonsN c pl abs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Direct object of the implied valuing (genitive of specification)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, person, living being'; here plural, the human beings whose worth is assessed instead of their physical dedication to the sanctuary.
לַֽיהוָֽהto YHWHprep לְ + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (recipient of the valued persons)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ prefix, 'to/for YHWH'; the vow's recipient, the sanctuary treasury which the valuation-price supports.
3

וְהָיָ֤ה עֶרְכְּךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר מִבֶּן֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד בֶּן שִׁשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וְהָיָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֗ חֲמִשִּׁ֛ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כֶּ֖סֶף בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ

then your valuation shall be: for a male from twenty years old to sixty years old, your valuation shall be fifty shekels of silver, by the shekel of the sanctuary.

First valuation bracket (adult male, 20-60)asyndeton
Opens the scale of eight age/sex brackets (vv. 3-7) that assign fixed silver equivalents graded by age and sex; the able-bodied adult male (50 shekels) sets the ceiling of the scale.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְהָיָ֤הthen it shall beQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis of the casuistic law, stating the resulting ruleהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'; opens the apodosis stating the fixed valuation.
עֶרְכְּךָ֙your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject of וְהָיָהעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix; the fixed technical term for the assessed redemption-price.
הַזָּכָ֔רthe maleart + N m sg abs · זָכָר (H2145)Casus pendens, resumed as the case's subjectזָכָר (H2145) 'male', from a root meaning 'to be male, remembered'; here specifying the sex-class under valuation.
מִבֶּן֙from the age ofprep + N m sg constr · בֶּן (H1121)Temporal prepositional phrase (age bracket, lower bound)בֶּן (H1121) 'son of', idiomatic for age: מִבֶּן X שָׁנָה 'from being X years old'.
עֶשְׂרִ֣יםtwentynumber · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeral in the age-constructעֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive of measureשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
וְעַ֖דand untilconj + prep · עַד (H5704)Coordinating conjunction + preposition marking the upper age boundעַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'; pairs with מִבֶּן to bracket the age range.
בֶּןthe age ofN m sg constr · בֶּן (H1121)Construct noun in the age idiomבֶּן (H1121) 'son of', age idiom repeated for the upper bound.
שִׁשִּׁ֣יםsixtynumber · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Numeral in the age-constructשִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive of measureשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
וְהָיָ֣הthen it shall beQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, resumptive apodosis)→ Weqatal: resumes and completes the apodosis begun in the verse's first clauseהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be'; resumptive after the age-bracket parenthesis.
עֶרְכְּךָ֗your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject of the resumed וְהָיָהעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, repeated for clarity after the intervening age clause.
חֲמִשִּׁ֛יםfiftynumber · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Numeral, predicate of the valuationחֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'.
שֶׁ֥קֶלshekelsN m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255) 'shekel', a weight-standard unit of silver.
כֶּ֖סֶףof silverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive of material, in apposition to שֶׁקֶלכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'; specifies the metal of the shekel.
בְּשֶׁ֥קֶלby the shekel ofprep + N m sg constr · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Prepositional phrase specifying the standardשֶׁקֶל (H8255) construct, introducing the sanctuary standard.
הַקֹּֽדֶשׁthe sanctuaryart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct (the sanctuary standard)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sanctuary'; שֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ is the fixed sanctuary-weight standard (cf. Exod 30:13), heavier/more exact than common usage, guarding against short measure.
4

וְאִם נְקֵבָ֖ה הִ֑וא וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָֽׁקֶל

And if it is a female, then your valuation shall be thirty shekels.

Counter-case (female valuation)ו
The female valuation (30 shekels) is three-fifths of the male's (50) in the same age bracket — a ratio consistent through the scale, reflecting relative economic labor-value in an agrarian society rather than a claim about intrinsic worth.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְאִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing a counter-caseאִם (H518) 'if'; introduces the counter-case (female) to the preceding male valuation.
נְקֵבָ֖הa femaleN f sg abs · נְקֵבָה (H5347)Predicate nominativeנְקֵבָה (H5347) 'female', from נקב 'to pierce/mark' (denoting genital distinction); complements זָכָר as the standard male/female pair.
הִ֑ואshe/it (is)pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Subject of the verbless clauseהִיא (H1931), 3fs independent pronoun serving as subject/copula.
וְהָיָ֥הthen it shall beQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis stating the resulting valuationהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be'.
עֶרְכְּךָ֖your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject of וְהָיָהעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֥יםthirtynumber · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Numeral, predicate of the valuationשְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty'.
שָֽׁקֶלshekelsN m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255) 'shekel'.
5

וְאִ֨ם מִבֶּן חָמֵ֜שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים וְעַד֙ בֶּן עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְהָיָ֧ה עֶרְכְּךָ֛ הַזָּכָ֖ר עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֑ים וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים

And if from five years old to twenty years old, then your valuation for a male shall be twenty shekels, and for a female ten shekels.

Second age bracket (5-20 years)ו
Youth valuation drops sharply from the adult peak (20/10 vs. 50/30), reflecting lower labor capacity; the male-to-female ratio (2:1) here is steeper than the adult bracket's (5:3).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְאִ֨םand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing a new age bracketאִם (H518) 'if'.
מִבֶּןfrom the age ofprep + N m sg constr · בֶּן (H1121)Temporal prepositional phrase (lower bound)בֶּן (H1121), age idiom.
חָמֵ֜שׁfivenumber · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeralחָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'.
שָׁנִ֗יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive of measureשָׁנָה (H8141), plural 'years'.
וְעַד֙and untilconj + prep · עַד (H5704)Conjunction + preposition, upper boundעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בֶּןthe age ofN m sg constr · בֶּן (H1121)Construct noun in age idiomבֶּן (H1121).
עֶשְׂרִ֣יםtwentynumber · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeralעֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive of measureשָׁנָה (H8141).
וְהָיָ֧הthen it shall beQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosisהָיָה (Qal, H1961).
עֶרְכְּךָ֛your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject of וְהָיָהעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
הַזָּכָ֖רfor the maleart + N m sg abs · זָכָר (H2145)Casus pendens specifying the sex-classזָכָר (H2145) 'male'.
עֶשְׂרִ֣יםtwentynumber · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeral, predicate of the valuationעֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
שְׁקָלִ֑יםshekelsN m pl abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255), plural.
וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖הand for the femaleconj + prep + N f sg abs · נְקֵבָה (H5347)Coordinated prepositional phrase, second casus pendensנְקֵבָה (H5347) 'female', with prefixed לְ.
עֲשֶׂ֥רֶתtennumber constr · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Numeral (construct), predicate of the valuationעֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten', construct form.
שְׁקָלִֽיםshekelsN m pl abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255), plural.
6

וְאִ֣ם מִבֶּן חֹ֗דֶשׁ וְעַד֙ בֶּן חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וְהָיָ֤ה עֶרְכְּךָ֙ הַזָּכָ֔ר חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּ֑סֶף וְלַנְּקֵבָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֔ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּֽסֶף

And if from one month old to five years old, then your valuation for a male shall be five shekels of silver, and for a female your valuation shall be three shekels of silver.

Third age bracket (1 month-5 years)ו
Infants under a month are excluded from valuation altogether (cf. Num 18:16, redeemed instead at a flat five shekels from birth) — this bracket begins valuation proper at one month; the low sums (5/3) reflect a young child's negligible labor value.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאִ֣םand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing a new age bracketאִם (H518) 'if'.
מִבֶּןfrom the age ofprep + N m sg constr · בֶּן (H1121)Temporal prepositional phrase (lower bound)בֶּן (H1121), age idiom.
חֹ֗דֶשׁa monthN m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive of measure (lower age bound in months)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'; here marking the youngest bracket, from one month (past the perinatal period) old.
וְעַד֙and untilconj + prep · עַד (H5704)Conjunction + preposition, upper boundעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בֶּןthe age ofN m sg constr · בֶּן (H1121)Construct noun in age idiomבֶּן (H1121).
חָמֵ֣שׁfivenumber · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeralחָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'.
שָׁנִ֔יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive of measureשָׁנָה (H8141), plural.
וְהָיָ֤הthen it shall beQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosisהָיָה (Qal, H1961).
עֶרְכְּךָ֙your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject of וְהָיָהעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
הַזָּכָ֔רfor the maleart + N m sg abs · זָכָר (H2145)Casus pendens specifying the sex-classזָכָר (H2145) 'male'.
חֲמִשָּׁ֥הfivenumber · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeral, predicate of the valuationחָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five' (masculine form agreeing with שְׁקָלִים).
שְׁקָלִ֖יםshekelsN m pl abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255), plural.
כָּ֑סֶףof silverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive of materialכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וְלַנְּקֵבָ֣הand for the femaleconj + prep + N f sg abs · נְקֵבָה (H5347)Coordinated prepositional phrase, second casus pendensנְקֵבָה (H5347) 'female', with prefixed לְ.
עֶרְכְּךָ֔your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject, repeated for the female clauseעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתthreenumber constr · שָׁלֹשׁ (H7969)Numeral (construct), predicate of the valuationשָׁלֹשׁ (H7969) 'three', construct form.
שְׁקָלִ֖יםshekelsN m pl abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255), plural.
כָּֽסֶףof silverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive of materialכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
7

וְ֠אִם מִבֶּן שִׁשִּׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה וָמַ֨עְלָה֙ אִם זָכָ֔ר וְהָיָ֣ה עֶרְכְּךָ֔ חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר שָׁ֑קֶל וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֥ה שְׁקָלִֽים

And if from sixty years old and upward — if a male, then your valuation shall be fifteen shekels, and for a female ten shekels.

Fourth and final age bracket (60 and up)ו
The elderly bracket (15/10) rises slightly above the youth bracket, closing the four-tier scale; unlike the lower brackets it is open-ended (ומעלה, 'and upward'), covering old age without a further ceiling.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְ֠אִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the final age bracketאִם (H518) 'if'.
מִבֶּןfrom the age ofprep + N m sg constr · בֶּן (H1121)Temporal prepositional phrase (lower bound)בֶּן (H1121), age idiom.
שִׁשִּׁ֨יםsixtynumber · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Numeralשִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'.
שָׁנָ֤הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive of measureשָׁנָה (H8141).
וָמַ֨עְלָה֙and upwardconj + adv · מַעְלָה (H4605)Adverbial phrase, open upper boundמַעְלָה (H4605) 'upward', from עָלָה 'to go up'; leaves the bracket open-ended, unlike the closed brackets above.
אִםifconj · אִם (H518)Conjunction resuming the sex-distinction within this bracketאִם (H518) 'if', here marking the internal male/female split.
זָכָ֔רmaleadj m sg abs · זָכָר (H2145)Predicate adjective (casus pendens)זָכָר (H2145) 'male'.
וְהָיָ֣הthen it shall beQal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosisהָיָה (Qal, H1961).
עֶרְכְּךָ֔your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject of וְהָיָהעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
חֲמִשָּׁ֥הfivenumber · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeral, first element of 'fifteen'חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; first element of the teen-numeral חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר 'fifteen'.
עָשָׂ֖ר-teen (= fifteen)number · עָשָׂר (H6240)Numeral, second element of 'fifteen'עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen'; second element of the compound teen-numeral, here חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר 'fifteen'.
שָׁ֑קֶלshekelsN m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255).
וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖הand for the femaleconj + prep + N f sg abs · נְקֵבָה (H5347)Coordinated prepositional phrase, second casus pendensנְקֵבָה (H5347) 'female', with prefixed לְ.
עֲשָׂרָ֥הtennumber · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Numeral, predicate of the valuationעֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
שְׁקָלִֽיםshekelsN m pl abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255), plural.
8

וְאִם מָ֥ךְ הוּא֙ מֵֽעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְהֶֽעֱמִידוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהֶעֱרִ֥יךְ אֹת֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן עַל פִּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּשִּׂיג֙ יַ֣ד הַנֹּדֵ֔ר יַעֲרִיכֶ֖נּוּ הַכֹּהֵֽן

And if he is too poor for your valuation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest shall assess him; according to what the hand of the vower can reach, the priest shall assess him.

Poverty exception to the fixed scaleו
Closes the persons-vow unit (vv. 1-8) with a humane safety valve: the rigid table of vv. 3-7 yields to the priest's case-by-case judgment when the vower cannot pay, anchored in ability rather than status.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the poverty exceptionאִם (H518) 'if'; introduces the poverty exception to the fixed scale.
מָ֥ךְpoorQal ptc ms abs · מוּךְ (H4134)Predicate participle (verbless clause with הוּא)→ Participle: stative condition — describes the vower's economic stateמוּךְ (Qal ptc, H4134) 'to be low, poor, diminished'; functions as a predicate adjective, 'is poor'.
הוּא֙hePp3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of the verbless clauseהוּא (H1931) 3ms independent pronoun, subject of the nominal clause מָךְ הוּא 'he is poor'.
מֵֽעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָthan your valuationprep מִן + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Comparative prepositional phrase (מִן of comparison)עֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix with comparative מִן: 'more than your assessment', i.e. unable to pay the fixed sum.
וְהֶֽעֱמִידוֹ֙then he shall present himconj + Hiphil weqatal 3ms + Sp3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: sequential instruction continuing the apodosisעָמַד (Hiphil, H5975) 'to cause to stand, present'; the poor vower is brought before the priest for individual assessment.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N m pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase (location)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; לִפְנֵי idiomatically 'before, in the presence of'.
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Object of the preposition לִפְנֵיכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the officiating Aaronic priest exercising discretionary valuation.
וְהֶעֱרִ֥יךְand he shall assessconj + Hiphil weqatal 3ms · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis continued)→ Weqatal: sequential instructionעָרַךְ (Hiphil, H6186) 'to value, assess'; the verbal root of עֵרֶךְ, the priest's discretionary act of setting the price.
אֹת֖וֹhim [obj]obj marker + Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object, the poor vower)אֵת (H853) + 3ms suffix, marking the vower as direct object of the priest's assessment.
הַכֹּהֵ֑ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְהֶעֱרִיךְכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest', repeated as explicit subject.
עַלaccording toprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase introducing the standard of assessmentעַל (H5921) 'upon'; עַל פִּי idiom 'according to, in proportion to'.
פִּ֗יthe measure ofN m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Construct noun in the idiom עַל פִּיפֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'; עַל פִּי idiomatically 'according to, in proportion to'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhatrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing the extent clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, 'that which'.
תַּשִּׂיג֙can reachHiphil impf 3fs · נָשַׂג (H5381)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: potential/capability sense — 'can attain'נָשַׂג (Hiphil, H5381) 'to reach, attain, overtake'; idiomatic for financial capacity — 'as far as the hand can reach' = what one can afford.
יַ֣דthe hand ofN c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Subject of תַּשִּׂיגיָד (H3027) 'hand'; metonymy for financial means/ability.
הַנֹּדֵ֔רthe one vowingart + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָדַר (H5087)Genitive of the construct chain (יַד הַנֹּדֵר)→ Participle: substantival, 'the vower'נָדַר (Qal ptc, H5087) 'to vow'; substantival participle, 'the one who vows' = the vower.
יַעֲרִיכֶ֖נּוּshall assess himHiphil impf 3ms + Sp3ms · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (yiqtol, resumptive main clause)→ Yiqtol: resumptive, restating the rule after the intervening relative clauseעָרַךְ (Hiphil, H6186) 'to assess'; resumes and closes the sentence begun in v. 8a, restating the priest's role for emphasis.
הַכֹּהֵֽןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of יַעֲרִיכֶנּוּכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest', subject restated for emphasis at the close of the verse.
9

וְאִם בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה כֹּל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֥ן מִמֶּ֛נּוּ לַיהוָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶה קֹּֽדֶשׁ

And if it is an animal of the kind they present as an offering to YHWH — anything of it that one gives to YHWH shall be holy.

Second major case: the vowed animal (clean, sacrifice-eligible)ו
Opens the animal-vow unit (vv. 9-13): once a sacrifice-eligible animal is dedicated, the dedication is irrevocable and total — 'shall be holy' — setting up the following prohibition on substitution.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the second major caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
בְּהֵמָ֔הan animalN f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Predicate noun (verbless clause, casus pendens)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal, beast'; a sacrifice-eligible domestic quadruped (ox, sheep, goat).
אֲשֶׁ֨רof a kind thatrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
יַקְרִ֧יבוּthey presentHiphil impf 3mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: general/customary — describes the class of animal habitually offeredקָרַב (Hiphil, H7126) 'to bring near, present (as an offering)'; the root of קָרְבָּן 'offering'.
מִמֶּ֛נָּהfrom itprep מִן + Sp3fs · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase, sourceמִן (H4480) 'from' + 3fs suffix, referring back to בְּהֵמָה.
קָרְבָּ֖ןas an offeringN m sg abs · קָרְבָּן (H7133)Direct object of יַקְרִיבוּ (adverbial accusative of specification)קָרְבָּן (H7133) 'offering, oblation', from קרב 'to draw near'; a general term for sacrificial gifts.
לַֽיהוָ֑הto YHWHprep לְ + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase, recipientיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, the recipient of the offering.
כֹּל֩anythingN m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Casus pendens, resumed by the following clauseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, anything, every'; introduces a universal statement covering any part of the dedicated animal.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
יִתֵּ֥ןone givesQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: general/customary — any such givingנָתַן (Qal, H5414) 'to give'; here 'to give over, dedicate' part of the animal.
מִמֶּ֛נּוּfrom itprep מִן + Sp3ms · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase, source (referring to the animal)מִן (H4480) + 3ms suffix, 'from it', referring to the dedicated animal (the consonantal form מִמֶּנּוּ is contextually 3ms here, not 1cp).
לַיהוָ֖הto YHWHprep לְ + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase, recipient (resumptive)יְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, recipient repeated.
יִֽהְיֶהshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol: modal/deontic — states the binding ruleהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
קֹּֽדֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative functioning adjectivallyקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacred (thing)'; predicate noun, 'holy' — permanently consecrated and irrevocable once dedicated.
10

לֹ֣א יַחֲלִיפֶ֗נּוּ וְלֹֽא יָמִ֥יר אֹת֛וֹ ט֥וֹב בְּרָ֖ע אוֹ רַ֣ע בְּט֑וֹב וְאִם הָמֵ֨ר יָמִ֤יר בְּהֵמָה֙ בִּבְהֵמָ֔ה וְהָֽיָה ה֥וּא וּתְמוּרָת֖וֹ יִֽהְיֶה קֹּֽדֶשׁ

He shall not replace it or exchange it, good for bad or bad for good; but if he does indeed exchange animal for animal, then both it and its substitute shall be holy.

Prohibition of substitution, with penalty clauseasyndeton
A clean sacrificial animal cannot be swapped for a better or worse one — the vow, once made, fixes the specific animal; violation (marked by the emphatic infinitive absolute הָמֵר יָמִיר) does not void the dedication but doubles it, consecrating both original and substitute.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
לֹ֣אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יַחֲלִיפֶ֗נּוּhe shall replace itHiphil impf 3ms + Sp3ms · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: a durative/general negative commandחָלַף (Hiphil, H2498) 'to change, exchange, replace'; the first of two near-synonymous exchange-verbs used to close every loophole.
וְלֹֽאand notconj + neg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle, second prohibitionלֹא (H3808), negation, coordinated.
יָמִ֥ירhe shall exchangeHiphil impf 3ms · מוּר (H4171)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibitionמוּר (Hiphil, H4171) 'to exchange, substitute'; the technical verb for illicit substitution of a vowed/consecrated animal, root of תְּמוּרָה below.
אֹת֛וֹit [obj]obj marker + Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) + 3ms suffix, the vowed animal.
ט֥וֹבgoodadj m sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Adverbial accusative of specificationטוֹב (H2896) 'good'; specifies the direction of prohibited exchange.
בְּרָ֖עfor badprep בְּ + adj m sg abs · רַע (H7451)Prepositional phrase of exchange (בְּ of price/equivalence)רַע (H7451) 'bad'; בְּ marks the item exchanged for, as in commercial idiom.
אוֹorconj · אוֹ (H176)Coordinating conjunction (disjunctive)אוֹ (H176) 'or'.
רַ֣עbadadj m sg abs · רַע (H7451)Adverbial accusative of specification (second direction)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
בְּט֑וֹבfor goodprep בְּ + adj m sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Prepositional phrase of exchangeטוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְאִםbut ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the violation caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
הָמֵ֨רindeedHiphil inf abs · מוּר (H4171)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic — 'if he does indeed exchange'מוּר (Hiphil inf abs, H4171) 'to exchange'; paired with the finite יָמִיר for emphasis, a common construction marking the case as a real, contemplated violation.
יָמִ֤ירhe exchangesHiphil impf 3ms · מוּר (H4171)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical case, intensified by the preceding infinitive absoluteמוּר (Hiphil, H4171) 'to exchange'.
בְּהֵמָה֙animalN f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Direct object (unmarked, first of the pair)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal'.
בִּבְהֵמָ֔הfor animalprep בְּ + N f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Prepositional phrase of exchangeבְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal', with בְּ of exchange: 'animal for animal'.
וְהָֽיָהthen it shall beconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the penalty for violationהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be'.
ה֥וּאitpron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject (first of a compound subject)הוּא (H1931), 3ms pronoun, referring to the original vowed animal.
וּתְמוּרָת֖וֹand its substituteconj + N f sg constr + Sp3ms · תְּמוּרָה (H8545)Subject (second of a compound subject)תְּמוּרָה (H8545) 'substitute, exchange', from מוּר; the animal wrongly swapped in.
יִֽהְיֶהshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, resumptive apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive, stating the resulting joint statusהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
קֹּֽדֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominativeקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'; the illicit-substitution penalty makes both animals holy, removing any economic advantage from the attempted swap.
11

וְאִם֙ כָּל בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה וְהֶֽעֱמִ֥יד אֶת הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַכֹּהֵֽן

And if it is any unclean animal, of a kind that is not offered as an offering to YHWH, then he shall present the animal before the priest,

Sub-case: the unclean (sacrifice-ineligible) animalוְ
Turns from clean, sacrifice-eligible animals (vv. 9-10) to unclean ones, which cannot be offered but can still be dedicated by vow — requiring priestly appraisal instead of automatic consecration.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאִם֙and ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the unclean-animal caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, any'.
בְּהֵמָ֣הanimalN f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Genitive of the construct chain / predicate nominativeבְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal'.
טְמֵאָ֔הuncleanadj f sg abs · טָמֵא (H2931)Attributive adjective modifying בְּהֵמָהטָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'; ritually ineligible for sacrifice (e.g. a donkey or camel).
אֲ֠שֶׁרof a kind thatrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
לֹאnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יַקְרִ֧יבוּthey offerHiphil impf 3mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: generic/habitual, the class-defining traitקָרַב (Hiphil, H7126) 'to bring near, present, offer'.
מִמֶּ֛נָּהof itprep מִן + Sp3fs · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phraseמִן (H4480) + 3fs suffix, 'from it'.
קָרְבָּ֖ןan offeringN m sg abs · קָרְבָּן (H7133)Direct object of יַקְרִיבוּקָרְבָּן (H7133) 'offering'.
לַֽיהוָ֑הto YHWHprep לְ + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
וְהֶֽעֱמִ֥ידthen he shall presentconj + Hiphil weqatal 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the required procedureעָמַד (Hiphil, H5975) 'to cause to stand, present'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הַבְּהֵמָה as definite direct object.
הַבְּהֵמָ֖הthe animalart + N f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Direct object of וְהֶעֱמִידבְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal', now definite — the specific unclean animal vowed.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N m pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440); לִפְנֵי 'before, in the presence of'.
הַכֹּהֵֽןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Object of the preposition לִפְנֵיכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'.
12

וְהֶעֱרִ֤יךְ הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֹתָ֔הּ בֵּ֥ין ט֖וֹב וּבֵ֣ין רָ֑ע כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן כֵּ֥ן יִהְיֶֽה

and the priest shall assess it, whether good or bad; as the priest assesses, so it shall be.

Result: priestly discretion is finalוְ
For the unclean animal there is no fixed table; the priest's own assessment of quality (good/bad) directly fixes the redemption value — a discretionary process paralleling the poverty exception of v. 8.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְהֶעֱרִ֤יךְand he shall assessconj + Hiphil weqatal 3ms · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause)→ Weqatal: sequential apodosisעָרַךְ (Hiphil, H6186) 'to value, assess'.
הַכֹּהֵן֙the priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְהֶעֱרִיךְכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'.
אֹתָ֔הּit [obj]obj marker + Sp3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) + 3fs suffix, referring to the animal.
בֵּ֥יןwhether betweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phrase marking the range of assessmentבֵּין (H996) 'between'; בֵּין...וּבֵין 'whether...or', framing the qualitative range.
ט֖וֹבgoodadj m sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Object of the preposition בֵּין (first term)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וּבֵ֣יןand betweenconj + prep · בֵּין (H996)Coordinated prepositional phrase (second term of the range)בֵּין (H996) 'between', repeated.
רָ֑עbadadj m sg abs · רַע (H7451)Object of the preposition בֵּין (second term)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥as your (the priest's) assessmentprep כְּ + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Comparative prepositional phrase (standard of the outcome)עֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, with כְּ 'as, according to'; the priest's discretionary figure now stands as the technical עֵרֶךְ.
הַכֹּהֵ֖ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Genitive/apposition clarifying whose valuationכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb, correlative with the preceding כְּ clauseכֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; correlative 'as...so' construction closing the sentence.
יִהְיֶֽהit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the binding outcomeהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
13

וְאִם גָּאֹ֖ל יִגְאָלֶ֑נָּה וְיָסַ֥ף חֲמִישִׁת֖וֹ עַל עֶרְכֶּֽךָ

And if he wishes to redeem it, he shall add a fifth to your valuation.

Redemption clause with the added fifthוְ
Closes the animal-vow unit: redemption is always possible but never free — a 20% surcharge (the חֹמֶשׁ, 'added fifth') discourages casual vowing and reneging, a pattern repeated for houses (v. 15), fields (v. 19), unclean animals (v. 27), and tithes (v. 31).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְאִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the redemption optionאִם (H518) 'if'.
גָּאֹ֖לindeedQal inf abs · גָּאַל (H1350)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic — 'if he does indeed wish to redeem'גָּאַל (Qal inf abs, H1350) 'to redeem'; paired with the finite יִגְאָלֶנָּה, marking redemption as the vower's genuine option/desire.
יִגְאָלֶ֑נָּהhe redeems itQal impf 3ms + Sp3fs · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical option, intensified by the preceding infinitive absoluteגָּאַל (Qal, H1350) + 3fs suffix, 'to redeem (it)'; buying back a dedicated animal for one's own use.
וְיָסַ֥ףthen he shall addconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the required surchargeיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add, increase'; introduces the standard 'added fifth' surcharge on every redemption in this chapter.
חֲמִישִׁת֖וֹits fifthN f sg constr + Sp3ms · חֲמִישִׁית (H2549)Direct object of וְיָסַףחֲמִישִׁית (H2549) 'a fifth (1/5)'; the fixed redemption penalty added throughout the chapter (animals, houses, fields, tithes).
עַלtoprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase marking the base to which the fifth is addedעַל (H5921) 'upon, in addition to'.
עֶרְכֶּֽךָyour valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Object of the preposition עַלעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix; the priest's assessed base value, to which 20% is added.
14

וְאִ֗ישׁ כִּֽי יַקְדִּ֨שׁ אֶת בֵּית֥וֹ קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהֶעֱרִיכוֹ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן בֵּ֥ין ט֖וֹב וּבֵ֣ין רָ֑ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲרִ֥יךְ אֹת֛וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן כֵּ֥ן יָקֽוּם

And when a man consecrates his house as holy to YHWH, then the priest shall assess it, whether good or bad; as the priest assesses it, so it shall stand.

Third major case: the vowed houseו
Opens the house-vow unit (vv. 14-15): like the unclean animal (v. 12), a house has no fixed table and is valued by priestly discretion (בֵּין טוֹב וּבֵין רָע), with the assessment binding once made (כֵּן יָקוּם).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְאִ֗ישׁand a manconj + N m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Casus pendens (topic), resumed by the following clauseאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; opens the new unit on vowed houses.
כִּֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Conditional/temporal conjunction introducing the casuistic protasisכִּי (H3588), casuistic 'when, if'.
יַקְדִּ֨שׁconsecratesHiphil impf 3ms · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical case in casuistic lawקָדַשׁ (Hiphil, H6942) 'to consecrate, sanctify, make holy'; the specific act of dedicating property, distinct from the vow-verbs used for persons/animals.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking בֵּיתוֹ as definite direct object.
בֵּית֥וֹhis houseN m sg constr + Sp3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Direct object of יַקְדִּישׁבַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; residential property, the third category of vowable property after persons and animals.
קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙as holyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Adverbial accusative of state (predicate complement)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'; the resulting status of the consecrated house.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto YHWHprep לְ + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
וְהֶעֱרִיכוֹ֙then he shall assess itconj + Hiphil weqatal 3ms + Sp3ms · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the required valuation procedureעָרַךְ (Hiphil, H6186) + 3ms suffix, 'to assess it'; as with the unclean animal, a house has no fixed table and requires priestly appraisal.
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְהֶעֱרִיכוֹכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'.
בֵּ֥יןwhether betweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phrase marking the range of assessmentבֵּין (H996) 'between'; בֵּין...וּבֵין 'whether...or'.
ט֖וֹבgoodadj m sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Object of the preposition בֵּין (first term)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וּבֵ֣יןand betweenconj + prep · בֵּין (H996)Coordinated prepositional phrase (second term)בֵּין (H996) 'between', repeated.
רָ֑עbadadj m sg abs · רַע (H7451)Object of the preposition בֵּין (second term)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רasprep כְּ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative relative phraseאֲשֶׁר (H834) with כְּ, 'as, according as'.
יַעֲרִ֥יךְhe assessesHiphil impf 3ms · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb of the comparative clause→ Yiqtol: generic — the priest's act of assessmentעָרַךְ (Hiphil, H6186) 'to assess'.
אֹת֛וֹit [obj]obj marker + Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) + 3ms suffix, referring to the house.
הַכֹּהֵ֖ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of יַעֲרִיךְכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb, correlative with the preceding כַּאֲשֶׁר clauseכֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'.
יָקֽוּםit shall standQal impf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the binding, legally valid outcomeקוּם (Qal, H6965) 'to stand, arise, be established'; here 'be legally valid, stand firm' — the assessed price becomes binding.
15

וְאִ֨ם הַמַּקְדִּ֔ישׁ יִגְאַ֖ל אֶת בֵּית֑וֹ וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִישִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו וְהָ֥יָה לֽוֹ

And if the one who consecrated it wishes to redeem his house, he shall add a fifth of the silver of your valuation to it, and it shall be his.

Redemption of the vowed houseו
Parallel to the field-redemption rule of v. 19: a 20% surcharge (חֲמִישִׁית) restores ownership after priestly appraisal, discouraging casual dedication followed by cheap buy-back.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאִ֨םand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the redemption optionאִם (H518) 'if'.
הַמַּקְדִּ֔ישׁthe one who consecrated [it]art + Hiphil ptc m sg abs · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Subject of יִגְאַל (substantival participle)→ Participle: substantival, 'the consecrator/dedicator'קָדַשׁ (Hiphil ptc, H6942) 'to consecrate'; substantival, 'the one who consecrated (it)' — the original vower.
יִגְאַ֖לwishes to redeemQal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (yiqtol, protasis)→ Yiqtol: modal/volitional — the vower's option to redeemגָּאַל (Qal, H1350) 'to redeem, buy back'; the technical term for reclaiming dedicated property by paying its price plus a fifth.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking בֵּיתוֹ as direct object.
בֵּית֑וֹhis houseN m sg constr + Sp3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Direct object of יִגְאַלבַּיִת (H1004) 'house' + 3ms suffix.
וְ֠יָסַףthen he shall addconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, required supplemental paymentיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add, increase'; the mandatory 20% surcharge for redemption, paralleling vv. 13, 19, 27, 31.
חֲמִישִׁ֧יתa fifth ofordinal fraction f sg constr · חֲמִישִׁית (H2549)Direct object of וְיָסַףחֲמִישִׁית (H2549) 'a fifth (part)', from חָמֵשׁ 'five'; the standard 20% redemption surcharge used throughout the chapter.
כֶּֽסֶףthe silver ofN m sg constr · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive of the construct chainכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver, money'.
עֶרְכְּךָ֛your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Genitive of the construct chainעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, 'your assessment' — the priest's appraised value of the house.
עָלָ֖יוto itprep עַל + Sp3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (addition target)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, 'upon/to it', marking what the fifth is added to.
וְהָ֥יָהand it shall beconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis continued)→ Weqatal: sequential, concluding resultהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
לֽוֹhisprep לְ + Sp3ms · לְPrepositional phrase, predicate of possessionלְ + 3ms suffix, idiom of possession, 'it shall be his (again)'.
16

וְאִ֣ם מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֗וֹ יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ לְפִ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ זֶ֚רַע חֹ֣מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֔ים בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף

And if a man consecrates to YHWH part of the field of his possession, then your valuation shall be in proportion to its seed: a homer of barley seed at fifty shekels of silver.

Fourth major case: the vowed ancestral fieldו
Opens the chapter's longest unit (vv. 16-25). Unlike persons, animals, or houses, a field's valuation is pegged not to a fixed table but to its seed-capacity (a homer of barley = 50 shekels), tying land-value to agricultural yield and setting up the Jubilee-proportional adjustments of vv. 17-18.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְאִ֣םand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the field-vow caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
מִשְּׂדֵ֣הpart of the field ofprep מִן + N m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Prepositional phrase (partitive), fronted objectשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'; partitive מִן, 'some of/part of'.
אֲחֻזָּת֗וֹhis possessionN f sg constr + Sp3ms · אֲחֻזָּה (H272)Genitive of the construct chainאֲחֻזָּה (H272) 'possession, property', from אחז 'to grasp, hold'; hereditary land-holding within the tribal allotment.
יַקְדִּ֥ישׁconsecratesHiphil impf 3ms · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (yiqtol, protasis)→ Yiqtol: hypothetical caseקָדַשׁ (Hiphil, H6942) 'to consecrate'.
אִישׁ֙a manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of יַקְדִּישׁאִישׁ (H376) 'man', subject; opens the field-vow unit, the chapter's longest.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto YHWHprep לְ + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase, recipientיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, recipient of the dedication.
וְהָיָ֥הthen it shall beconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis stating the valuation ruleהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be'.
עֶרְכְּךָ֖your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Subject of וְהָיָהעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
לְפִ֣יaccording toprep לְ + N m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Prepositional phrase (standard of measure)פֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'; לְפִי idiomatically 'according to, in proportion to'.
זַרְע֑וֹits seedN m sg constr + Sp3ms · זֶרַע (H2233)Object of the preposition לְפִיזֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'; the field's valuation is pegged to sowing-capacity, a practical agrarian measure of area/yield.
זֶ֚רַעseed ofN m sg constr · זֶרַע (H2233)Casus pendens specifying the standard measureזֶרַע (H2233) 'seed', repeated to introduce the specific unit of measure.
חֹ֣מֶרa homer ofN m sg constr · חֹמֶר (H2563)Genitive of measure, construct with שְׂעֹרִיםחֹמֶר (H2563) 'homer', a large dry-measure unit (c. 220 liters), from the same root as 'donkey-load'.
שְׂעֹרִ֔יםbarleyN f pl abs · שְׂעֹרָה (H8184)Genitive of specification (what is measured)שְׂעֹרָה (H8184) 'barley', pl.; the standard grain for reckoning field-size by sowing capacity.
בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖יםat fiftyprep בְּ + number · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Prepositional phrase of priceחֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'; the fixed price for a homer-of-barley field.
שֶׁ֥קֶלshekels ofN m sg constr · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Noun of measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255) 'shekel'.
כָּֽסֶףsilverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive of materialכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
17

אִם מִשְּׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵ֑הוּ כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֖ יָקֽוּם

If he consecrates his field from the year of the Jubilee, it shall stand according to your full valuation.

Sub-case: dedication at the start of the Jubilee cycle (full value)asyndeton
The first of two timing sub-cases (vv. 17-18): dedicating a field right at the Jubilee draws the full fixed valuation of v. 16, since the dedication holds for the entire fifty-year cycle.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj · אִם (H518)Conditional conjunction introducing the timing sub-caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
מִשְּׁנַ֥תfrom the year ofprep מִן + N f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Temporal prepositional phraseשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; marks the dedication's timing relative to the Jubilee cycle.
הַיֹּבֵ֖לthe Jubileeart + N m sg abs · יוֹבֵל (H3104)Genitive of the construct chainיוֹבֵל (H3104) 'Jubilee', the 50th-year release of Lev 25; the reference point for all field-valuation calculations.
יַקְדִּ֣ישׁhe consecratesHiphil impf 3ms · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (yiqtol, protasis)→ Yiqtol: hypothetical caseקָדַשׁ (Hiphil, H6942) 'to consecrate'.
שָׂדֵ֑הוּhis fieldN m sg constr + Sp3ms · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Direct object of יַקְדִּישׁשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field' + 3ms suffix.
כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֖according to your valuationprep כְּ + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Prepositional phrase (standard)עֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms with כְּ, 'according to your assessment' — the full table-value of v. 16, undiscounted since dedicated at the cycle's start.
יָקֽוּםit shall standQal impf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the binding valuationקוּם (Qal, H6965) 'to stand, be established'; the assessed price is legally fixed.
18

וְאִם אַחַ֣ר הַיֹּבֵל֮ יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵהוּ֒ וְחִשַּׁב ל֨וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת הַכֶּ֗סֶף עַל פִּ֤י הַשָּׁנִים֙ הַנּ֣וֹתָרֹ֔ת עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְנִגְרַ֖ע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ

But if he consecrates his field after the Jubilee, then the priest shall reckon the silver for him according to the years remaining until the year of the Jubilee, and it shall be deducted from your valuation.

Sub-case: dedication after the Jubilee (pro-rated discount)וְ
Contrasts with v. 17: a later dedication is discounted proportionally to the years remaining, since the field automatically reverts to the priesthood at the next Jubilee regardless (v. 21) — the valuation reflects only the remaining years of usufruct.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְאִםbut ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the contrasting sub-caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
אַחַ֣רafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310) 'after, behind'.
הַיֹּבֵל֮the Jubileeart + N m sg abs · יוֹבֵל (H3104)Object of the preposition אַחַריוֹבֵל (H3104) 'Jubilee'.
יַקְדִּ֣ישׁhe consecratesHiphil impf 3ms · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical caseקָדַשׁ (Hiphil, H6942) 'to consecrate'.
שָׂדֵהוּ֒his fieldN m sg constr + Sp3ms · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Direct object of יַקְדִּישׁשָׂדֶה (H7704) + 3ms suffix.
וְחִשַּׁבthen he shall reckonconj + Piel weqatal 3ms · חָשַׁב (H2803)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the required calculationחָשַׁב (Piel, H2803) 'to reckon, compute, calculate'; introduces the pro-rated depreciation formula.
ל֨וֹfor himprep + Sp3ms · לְPrepositional phrase, benefactive/indirect objectלְ + 3ms suffix, 'for him', the vower.
הַכֹּהֵ֜ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְחִשַּׁבכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הַכֶּסֶף as definite direct object.
הַכֶּ֗סֶףthe silverart + N m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Direct object of וְחִשַּׁבכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver', the pro-rated sum.
עַלaccording toprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase governing the standard of measureעַל (H5921); idiomatic עַל פִּי 'according to'.
פִּ֤יthe measure ofN m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Construct noun completing the idiomפֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'; עַל פִּי 'according to, in proportion to'.
הַשָּׁנִים֙the yearsart + N f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the constructשָׁנָה (H8141), plural, 'the years'.
הַנּ֣וֹתָרֹ֔תremainingart + Niphal ptc f pl abs · יָתַר (H3498)Attributive participle modifying הַשָּׁנִים→ Participle: a durative state, the years still outstandingיָתַר (Niphal ptc, H3498) 'to remain, be left over'; the years still to run until the next Jubilee.
עַ֖דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase marking the terminusעַד (H5704) 'until'.
שְׁנַ֣תthe year ofN f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive (construct)שָׁנָה (H8141), construct.
הַיֹּבֵ֑לthe Jubileeart + N m sg abs · יוֹבֵל (H3104)Genitive completing the constructיוֹבֵל (H3104) 'Jubilee'.
וְנִגְרַ֖עand it shall be deductedconj + Niphal weqatal 3ms · גָּרַע (H1639)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal/Niphal passive: the resulting reductionגָּרַע (Niphal, H1639) 'to be diminished, subtracted, deducted'; the base rate of v. 16 is reduced proportionally for years already elapsed since the last Jubilee.
מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָfrom your valuationprep + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Prepositional phrase marking the base being reducedעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, the full base rate of v. 16.
19

וְאִם גָּאֹ֤ל יִגְאַל֙ אֶת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה הַמַּקְדִּ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִשִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו וְקָ֥ם לֽוֹ

And if the one who consecrated the field wishes to redeem it, he shall add a fifth of the silver of your valuation to it, and it shall stand as his.

Redemption of the field, with the added fifthוְ
Mirrors the redemption clauses for animal (v. 13) and house (v. 15): the same 20% surcharge applies, restoring the field to the original owner before the Jubilee.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the redemption clauseאִם (H518) 'if'.
גָּאֹ֤לindeedQal inf abs · גָּאַל (H1350)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic — 'if he does indeed wish to redeem'גָּאַל (Qal inf abs, H1350) 'to redeem'.
יִגְאַל֙he redeemsQal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical option, intensified by the infinitive absoluteגָּאַל (Qal, H1350) 'to redeem, buy back'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הַשָּׂדֶה as definite direct object.
הַשָּׂדֶ֔הthe fieldart + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Direct object of יִגְאַלשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
הַמַּקְדִּ֖ישׁthe one consecratingart + Hiphil ptc m sg abs · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Subject (substantival participle)→ Participle: durative role-designation, 'the consecrator'קָדַשׁ (Hiphil ptc, H6942) 'to consecrate'; substantival, 'the one who dedicated (it)'.
אֹת֑וֹit [obj]obj marker + Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) + 3ms suffix, referring to the field.
וְ֠יָסַףthen he shall addconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the required surchargeיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
חֲמִשִׁ֧יתa fifth ofadj f sg constr · חֲמִישִׁית (H2549)Direct object of וְיָסַף (construct)חֲמִישִׁית (H2549) 'a fifth', construct.
כֶּֽסֶףthe silver ofN m sg constr · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive completing the constructכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver', construct.
עֶרְכְּךָ֛your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Genitive completing the chainעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
עָלָ֖יוto itprep + Sp3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase marking what the fifth is added toעַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, 'upon it'.
וְקָ֥םand it shall standconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the resulting legal statusקוּם (Qal, H6965) 'to stand, be established'; here of the redeemed field's title becoming firm again.
לֽוֹas hisprep + Sp3ms · לְPrepositional phrase of possession (predicate)לְ (possessive) + 3ms suffix, 'to/for him'.
20

וְאִם לֹ֤א יִגְאַל֙ אֶת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְאִם מָכַ֥ר אֶת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל עֽוֹד

But if he does not redeem the field, or if he has sold the field to another man, it can no longer be redeemed.

Forfeiture: unredeemed or sold fieldוְ
The pivot of the field-law: failure to redeem before the Jubilee — or worse, selling the field to a third party — permanently forfeits the redemption right, setting up v. 21's transfer of the field to the priesthood.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאִםbut ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the non-redemption caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֤אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יִגְאַל֙he redeemsQal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical negative caseגָּאַל (Qal, H1350) 'to redeem'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הַשָּׂדֶה as definite direct object.
הַשָּׂדֶ֔הthe fieldart + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Direct object of יִגְאַלשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
וְאִםor ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing an alternative protasisאִם (H518) 'if', a second alternative case.
מָכַ֥רhe has soldQal perf 3ms · מָכַר (H4376)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Perfective: a completed act (sale to a third party) prior to the reckoningמָכַר (Qal, H4376) 'to sell'; introduces the aggravated case — the field passed to an outside buyer.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הַשָּׂדֶה as definite direct object.
הַשָּׂדֶ֖הthe fieldart + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Direct object of מָכַרשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
לְאִ֣ישׁto a manprep + N m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phrase, indirect objectאִישׁ (H376) 'man', with לְ.
אַחֵ֑רanotheradj m sg abs · אַחֵר (H312)Attributive adjective modifying אִישׁאַחֵר (H312) 'another, other'.
לֹ֥אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יִגָּאֵ֖לit can be redeemedNiphal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol/Niphal passive: prescriptive prohibition — permanent forfeiture of redemptionגָּאַל (Niphal, H1350) 'to be redeemed'; passive, the field's redemption-right is now permanently barred.
עֽוֹדany longeradv · עוֹד (H5750)Adverb of continuation, negatedעוֹד (H5750) 'still, again, any longer'; with the negation, 'no longer, never again'.
21

וְהָיָ֨ה הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה בְּצֵאת֣וֹ בַיֹּבֵ֗ל קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה כִּשְׂדֵ֣ה הַחֵ֑רֶם לַכֹּהֵ֖ן תִּהְיֶ֥ה אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ

Then the field, when it goes out in the Jubilee, shall be holy to YHWH, like a field devoted; it shall become the possession of the priest.

Consequence: permanent transfer to the priesthoodוְ
The chapter's first explicit use of חֵרֶם as a standard of comparison: an unredeemed or sold field becomes 'like a חֵרֶם field' — permanently, irrevocably holy, passing to the priests rather than reverting to its original clan at the Jubilee as ordinary land does (Lev 25).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְהָיָ֨הthen it shall beconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosisהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
הַשָּׂדֶ֜הthe fieldart + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Subject of וְהָיָהשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
בְּצֵאת֣וֹwhen it goes outprep + Qal inf constr + Sp3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Temporal prepositional phrase (infinitive construct clause)יָצָא (Qal inf constr, H3318) 'to go out'; here idiomatic of the Jubilee's automatic release/reversion of land.
בַיֹּבֵ֗לin the Jubileeprep + N m sg abs · יוֹבֵל (H3104)Temporal prepositional phraseיוֹבֵל (H3104) 'Jubilee', the fiftieth-year reversion.
קֹ֛דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominativeקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
לַֽיהוָ֖הto YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
כִּשְׂדֵ֣הlike the field ofprep + N m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Comparative prepositional phrase (construct)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field', construct, with כְּ 'like'.
הַחֵ֑רֶםthe devoted thingart + N m sg abs · חֵרֶם (H2764)Genitive completing the constructחֵרֶם (H2764) 'devoted/banned thing', from חרם 'to devote irrevocably, ban'; the crux-term of the chapter (cf. v. 28-29) — property or persons placed under an absolute, irrevocable ban, here the standard of comparison for the forfeited field's permanent, unredeemable holiness.
לַכֹּהֵ֖ןto the priestprep + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Prepositional phrase, indirect object/possessorכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest', with לְ of possession.
תִּהְיֶ֥הit shall becomeQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, resumptive apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the resulting dispositionהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹhis possessionN f sg constr + Sp3ms · אֲחֻזָּה (H272)Predicate nominative (subject complement)אֲחֻזָּה (H272) 'possession, holding'; the forfeited field passes permanently into priestly landholding, outside the normal tribal system.
22

וְאִם֙ אֶת שְׂדֵ֣ה מִקְנָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֕ר לֹ֖א מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֑וֹ יַקְדִּ֖ישׁ לַֽיהוָֽה

And if he consecrates to YHWH a field he has bought, which is not part of the field of his possession,

Sub-case: the purchased (non-ancestral) fieldוְ
Distinguishes a bought field from ancestral land, since a purchased field already reverts to its original clan at the Jubilee under the ordinary land-law (Lev 25:23-28) regardless of any vow — requiring a different rule in vv. 23-24.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאִם֙and ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the purchased-field sub-caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object, fronted)אֵת (H853), marking שְׂדֵה מִקְנָתוֹ as definite direct object, fronted before the verb for emphasis.
שְׂדֵ֣הthe field ofN m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Direct object (construct), frontedשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field', construct.
מִקְנָת֔וֹhis purchaseN f sg constr + Sp3ms · מִקְנָה (H4736)Genitive completing the constructמִקְנָה (H4736) 'purchase, acquisition', from קנה 'to acquire'; a field bought rather than inherited — distinct in status from ancestral אֲחֻזָּה land.
אֲשֶׁ֕רwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
לֹ֖אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
מִשְּׂדֵ֣הpart of the field ofprep + N m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Predicate, partitive prepositional phrase (construct)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field', construct, with partitive מִן.
אֲחֻזָּת֑וֹhis possessionN f sg constr + Sp3ms · אֲחֻזָּה (H272)Genitive completing the constructאֲחֻזָּה (H272) 'possession'; ancestral tribal land, contrasted with purchased land.
יַקְדִּ֖ישׁhe consecratesHiphil impf 3ms · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical caseקָדַשׁ (Hiphil, H6942) 'to consecrate'.
לַֽיהוָֽהto YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
23

וְחִשַּׁב ל֣וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֵ֚ת מִכְסַ֣ת הָֽעֶרְכְּךָ֔ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְנָתַ֤ן אֶת הָעֶרְכְּךָ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָֽה

then the priest shall reckon for him the proportionate assessment up to the year of the Jubilee, and he shall give the valuation on that day, as a holy thing to YHWH.

Resolution: immediate payment for the purchased fieldוְ
Since a purchased field is due to revert to its ancestral clan at the Jubilee regardless, the vower cannot dedicate the land itself — he instead pays its pro-rated cash value immediately, as an outright sacred gift, avoiding any confusion of title at the Jubilee.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְחִשַּׁבthen he shall reckonconj + Piel weqatal 3ms · חָשַׁב (H2803)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the required calculationחָשַׁב (Piel, H2803) 'to reckon, compute'.
ל֣וֹfor himprep + Sp3ms · לְPrepositional phrase, benefactiveלְ + 3ms suffix, 'for him'.
הַכֹּהֵ֗ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְחִשַּׁבכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'.
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking מִכְסַת הָעֶרְכְּךָ as definite direct object.
מִכְסַ֣תthe proportion ofN f sg constr · מִכְסָה (H4373)Direct object (construct)מִכְסָה (H4373) 'reckoning, computed proportion', from כסס 'to count, apportion'; the pro-rated fraction of the base valuation.
הָֽעֶרְכְּךָ֔the valuationart + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Genitive completing the constructעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, with the article — the standard assessed value.
עַ֖דup toprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase marking the terminusעַד (H5704) 'until'.
שְׁנַ֣תthe year ofN f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive (construct)שָׁנָה (H8141), construct.
הַיֹּבֵ֑לthe Jubileeart + N m sg abs · יוֹבֵל (H3104)Genitive completing the constructיוֹבֵל (H3104) 'Jubilee'.
וְנָתַ֤ןand he shall giveconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause)→ Weqatal: sequential apodosis, the vower's paymentנָתַן (Qal, H5414) 'to give'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הָעֶרְכְּךָ as definite direct object.
הָעֶרְכְּךָ֙the valuationart + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Direct object of וְנָתַןעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, with article.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Demonstrative-use pronoun modifying הַיּוֹםהוּא (H1931) with article, adjectival 'that (day)'.
קֹ֖דֶשׁa holy thingN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate complement (apposition to הָעֶרְכְּךָ)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'; the payment itself is treated as sacred revenue, dedicated on the spot.
לַיהוָֽהto YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
24

בִּשְׁנַ֤ת הַיּוֹבֵל֙ יָשׁ֣וּב הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנָ֖הוּ מֵאִתּ֑וֹ לַאֲשֶׁר ל֖וֹ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ

In the year of the Jubilee the field shall return to him from whom it was bought, to him whose possession the land is.

Restatement of Jubilee land-law for the purchased fieldasyndeton
Closes the purchased-field case by re-anchoring it to the general land-law of Lev 25: since a bought field always reverts to its selling clan at the Jubilee, the vower's dedication (v. 22-23) can only ever be a cash payment, never a permanent transfer of the land itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
בִּשְׁנַ֤תin the year ofprep + N f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Temporal prepositional phrase (construct)שָׁנָה (H8141), construct.
הַיּוֹבֵל֙the Jubileeart + N m sg abs · יוֹבֵל (H3104)Genitive completing the constructיוֹבֵל (H3104) 'Jubilee'.
יָשׁ֣וּבit shall returnQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol, main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive, the automatic reversion ruleשׁוּב (Qal, H7725) 'to return, revert'; the standard Jubilee-reversion verb (cf. Lev 25:10, 13).
הַשָּׂדֶ֔הthe fieldart + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Subject of יָשׁוּבשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
לַאֲשֶׁ֥רto him whoprep + rel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Prepositional phrase + relative, indirect objectאֲשֶׁר (H834) with לְ, 'to the one who'.
קָנָ֖הוּbought itQal perf 3ms + Sp3ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb of the relative clauseקָנָה (Qal, H7069) + 3ms suffix, 'to acquire, buy (it)'; identifies the original seller as the field's rightful heir at the Jubilee.
מֵאִתּ֑וֹfrom himprep + prep + Sp3ms · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase, sourceאֵת (H854, 'with') + מִן, 'from with him' = 'from him', marking the seller.
לַאֲשֶׁרto him whoseprep + rel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Prepositional phrase + relative, resumptive appositionאֲשֶׁר (H834) with לְ, restating the beneficiary.
ל֖וֹto him (belongs)prep + Sp3ms · לְPrepositional phrase of possession within the relative clauseלְ + 3ms suffix, 'to him (belongs)'.
אֲחֻזַּ֥תthe possession ofN f sg constr · אֲחֻזָּה (H272)Subject of the possessive clause (construct)אֲחֻזָּה (H272) 'possession', construct.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive completing the constructאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'; here 'the land('s ancestral holding)', i.e. the original clan-heir.
25

וְכָל עֶרְכְּךָ֔ יִהְיֶ֖ה בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל

And every valuation of yours shall be by the shekel of the sanctuary: twenty gerahs shall the shekel be.

Standard-setting parenthesis: the sanctuary shekel definedוְ
A brief metrological aside closing the property-valuation unit (vv. 1-24): every עֵרֶךְ in the chapter is fixed to the sanctuary shekel of twenty gerahs, guarding against debased or regional weight-standards (cf. Exod 30:13; Ezek 45:12).
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְכָלand everyconj + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinating conjunction + construct quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
עֶרְכְּךָ֔your valuationN m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Genitive completing the construct / subjectעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix.
יִהְיֶ֖הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive, a general closing ruleהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be'.
בְּשֶׁ֣קֶלby the shekel ofprep + N m sg constr · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Prepositional phrase specifying the standardשֶׁקֶל (H8255), construct.
הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁthe sanctuaryart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the constructקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sanctuary'; שֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ, the fixed sanctuary standard, reasserted as the chapter's uniform unit.
עֶשְׂרִ֥יםtwentynumber · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeral, subject/predicate of the defining clauseעֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
גֵּרָ֖הgerahsN f sg abs · גֵּרָה (H1626)Predicate noun defining the shekelגֵּרָה (H1626) 'gerah', the smallest weight-unit, 1/20 of a shekel (cf. Exod 30:13).
יִהְיֶ֥הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive definitionהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be'.
הַשָּֽׁקֶלthe shekelart + N m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Subject of the second יִהְיֶה clauseשֶׁקֶל (H8255) 'shekel', with article.
26

אַךְ בְּכ֞וֹר אֲשֶׁר יְבֻכַּ֤ר לַֽיהוָה֙ בִּבְהֵמָ֔ה לֹֽא יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ אִם שׁ֣וֹר אִם שֶׂ֔ה לַֽיהוָ֖ה הֽוּא

But the firstborn among animals, which as a firstborn belongs to YHWH, no one may consecrate; whether ox or sheep, it is YHWH's.

Continuation: firstborn animals excluded from vowingasyndeton
The בְּכוֹר already belongs to YHWH (Exod 13:2), so it cannot be re-dedicated by vow — a limit on the whole valuation system.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אַךְonlyadv/particle · אַךְ (H389)Restrictive adverb/particle, marking a limitation on the preceding rulesאַךְ (H389) 'only, surely'; restrictive, introducing an exception to the vowability of animals (vv. 9-13).
בְּכ֞וֹרthe firstbornN m sg abs · בְּכוֹר (H1060)Topic/casus pendensבְּכוֹר (H1060) 'firstborn', from בכר; automatically consecrated to YHWH from birth (Exod 13:2, 12-13).
אֲשֶׁרwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
יְבֻכַּ֤רis born firstbornPual impf 3ms · בָּכַר (H1069)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol/Pual passive: a status inherent by birth, not by human decisionבָּכַר (Pual, H1069) 'to be born as firstborn, be firstborn'; passive, denoting the animal's inherent status rather than an act.
לַֽיהוָה֙to YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking prior ownershipלְ + יְהוָה (H3068); the firstborn already belongs to YHWH by birthright, prior to and apart from any vow.
בִּבְהֵמָ֔הamong the animalsprep + N f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Prepositional phrase of categoryבְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal', with בְּ, 'among/of the animals'.
לֹֽאnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יַקְדִּ֥ישׁmay consecrateHiphil impf 3ms · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: a durative/general negative commandקָדַשׁ (Hiphil, H6942) 'to consecrate'; forbidden here because the firstborn is already, inherently holy — one cannot vow what is not one's own to give.
אִ֖ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of יַקְדִּישׁאִישׁ (H376) 'man'.
אֹת֑וֹit [obj]obj marker + Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) + 3ms suffix, referring to the firstborn animal.
אִםwhetherconj · אִם (H518)Disjunctive conjunctionאִם (H518), here disjunctive 'whether...or'.
שׁ֣וֹרan oxN m sg abs · שׁוֹר (H7794)Predicate nominative (first alternative)שׁוֹר (H7794) 'ox, bull'.
אִםorconj · אִם (H518)Disjunctive conjunctionאִם (H518), disjunctive.
שֶׂ֔הa sheepN c sg abs · שֶׂה (H7716)Predicate nominative (second alternative)שֶׂה (H7716) 'sheep, lamb, one of the flock'.
לַֽיהוָ֖הYHWH'sprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate prepositional phrase of possessionלְ + יְהוָה (H3068), 'belonging to YHWH'.
הֽוּאit (is)pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of the verbless clauseהוּא (H1931), 3ms pronoun, subject/copula.
27

וְאִ֨ם בַּבְּהֵמָ֤ה הַטְּמֵאָה֙ וּפָדָ֣ה בְעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְיָסַ֥ף חֲמִשִׁת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וְאִם לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל וְנִמְכַּ֥ר בְּעֶרְכֶּֽךָ

But if it is among the unclean animals, he may redeem it at your valuation and add a fifth to it; and if it is not redeemed, it shall be sold at your valuation.

Conditional supplement on unclean firstbornasyndeton
The unclean firstborn, unfit for the altar, is redeemed with the added fifth (חֹמֶשׁ) or sold — parallel to the animal-vow rule of vv. 11-13.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְאִ֨םbut ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the unclean-firstborn sub-caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
בַּבְּהֵמָ֤הamong the animalsprep + N f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Prepositional phrase of categoryבְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal', with article and בְּ.
הַטְּמֵאָה֙the uncleanart + adj f sg abs · טָמֵא (H2931)Attributive adjective modifying בְּהֵמָהטָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'; e.g. the firstborn donkey (cf. Exod 13:13; 34:20).
וּפָדָ֣הthen he shall redeemconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · פָּדָה (H6299)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the required procedureפָּדָה (Qal, H6299) 'to redeem, ransom'; here of buying back an unclean firstborn at its assessed value, since it cannot be sacrificed.
בְעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָat your valuationprep + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Prepositional phrase specifying the priceעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, with בְּ of price.
וְיָסַ֥ףand he shall addconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause)→ Weqatal: sequential apodosis, the surchargeיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
חֲמִשִׁת֖וֹits fifthN f sg constr + Sp3ms · חֲמִישִׁית (H2549)Direct object of וְיָסַףחֲמִישִׁית (H2549) 'a fifth', the standard redemption surcharge.
עָלָ֑יוto itprep + Sp3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase marking what the fifth is added toעַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, 'upon it'.
וְאִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the non-redemption alternativeאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֥אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יִגָּאֵ֖לit is redeemedNiphal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (yiqtol, protasis)→ Yiqtol/Niphal passive: hypothetical negative caseגָּאַל (Niphal, H1350) 'to be redeemed'; passive.
וְנִמְכַּ֥רthen it shall be soldconj + Niphal weqatal 3ms · מָכַר (H4376)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal/Niphal passive: the resulting dispositionמָכַר (Niphal, H4376) 'to be sold'; passive — the unredeemed unclean animal is sold off at its assessed value rather than reverting like a field.
בְּעֶרְכֶּֽךָat your valuationprep + N m sg constr + Sp2ms · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Prepositional phrase specifying the priceעֵרֶךְ (H6187) + 2ms suffix, with בְּ of price.
28

אַךְ כָּל חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽיהוָ֜ה מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר ל֗וֹ מֵאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל כָּל חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה

But no devoted thing that a man devotes to YHWH from all that he has, whether man or beast or field of his possession, may be sold or redeemed; every devoted thing is most holy to YHWH.

The חֵרֶם exception: absolutely non-redeemableasyndeton
The חֵרֶם ('devoted/banned thing') stands outside the redemption system entirely — קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, most holy, irrevocably YHWH's.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
אַךְbut/howeveradv/particle · אַךְ (H389)Restrictive adverb marking a categorical exceptionאַךְ (H389) 'only, however'; introduces the חֵרֶם category as categorically distinct from ordinary vows — irredeemable in every case.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, any'.
חֵ֡רֶםdevoted thingN m sg abs · חֵרֶם (H2764)Genitive of the construct chainחֵרֶם (H2764) 'devoted/banned thing'; the chapter's crux-term, from חרם 'to devote irrevocably, place under the ban' — used in war contexts for total destruction (e.g. Josh 6:17) but here of a positive act of irrevocable dedication to sanctuary use.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
יַחֲרִם֩devotesHiphil impf 3ms · חָרַם (H2763)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: generic/hypothetical — the act defining the categoryחָרַם (Hiphil, H2763) 'to devote, ban, place under חֵרֶם'; the verbal root of חֵרֶם, denoting an irrevocable transfer beyond the reach of redemption or sale.
אִ֨ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of יַחֲרִםאִישׁ (H376) 'man'.
לַֽיהוָ֜הto YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Partitive prepositional phrase (construct)כֹּל (H3605) 'all', with partitive מִן.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a further defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
ל֗וֹis hisprep + Sp3ms · לְPrepositional phrase of possessionלְ + 3ms suffix, 'to/for him' = 'belongs to him'.
מֵאָדָ֤םwhether of manprep + N m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Partitive prepositional phrase (first category)אָדָם (H120) 'man, human'; the חֵרֶם category, uniquely, can include persons.
וּבְהֵמָה֙or beastconj + N f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Coordinated noun (second category)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal'.
וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣הor of the field ofconj + prep + N m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Coordinated partitive prepositional phrase (third category, construct)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field', construct, with partitive מִן.
אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹhis possessionN f sg constr + Sp3ms · אֲחֻזָּה (H272)Genitive completing the constructאֲחֻזָּה (H272) 'possession'.
לֹ֥אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יִמָּכֵ֖רshall be soldNiphal impf 3ms · מָכַר (H4376)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol/Niphal passive: prohibition — an absolute negative ruleמָכַר (Niphal, H4376) 'to be sold'; passive, categorically forbidden for חֵרֶם property, unlike the redeemable/sellable unclean animal of v. 27.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj + neg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle, second prohibitionלֹא (H3808), negation, coordinated.
יִגָּאֵ֑לshall be redeemedNiphal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol/Niphal passive: prohibitionגָּאַל (Niphal, H1350) 'to be redeemed'; passive, categorically forbidden — unlike every other category in the chapter, חֵרֶם admits no redemption at any price.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct quantifier, resuming the topicכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
חֵ֕רֶםdevoted thingN m sg abs · חֵרֶם (H2764)Genitive of the construct chain / subject of the closing clauseחֵרֶם (H2764) 'devoted thing'.
קֹֽדֶשׁa holy thing ofN m sg constr · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative (superlative construct, first member)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness', first member of the superlative קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים.
קָֽדָשִׁ֥יםholy thingsN m pl abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the superlative construct ('most holy')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944), plural, completing the superlative idiom 'most holy' — the highest possible grade of sanctity.
ה֖וּאit (is)pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of the verbless clauseהוּא (H1931), 3ms pronoun, subject/copula.
לַיהוָֽהto YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
29

כָּל חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָחֳרַ֛ם מִן הָאָדָ֖ם לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת

No one devoted, who is to be devoted from among mankind, may be ransomed; he shall surely be put to death.

The gravest form of חֵרֶם: persons under the banasyndeton
The crux verse: a human under the חֵרֶם cannot be ransomed but מוֹת יוּמָת — the ban's lethal sense (cf. the war-ḥerem of Deut 20), left in stark form.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, any'.
חֵ֗רֶםdevoted oneN m sg abs · חֵרֶם (H2764)Genitive of the construct chainחֵרֶם (H2764) 'devoted/banned thing'; here of a person, the disputed crux of the verse — likely a capital offender formally placed under the ban (cf. Exod 22:19).
אֲשֶׁ֧רwhorel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
יָחֳרַ֛םis devotedHophal impf 3ms · חָרַם (H2763)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol/Hophal passive: a status imposed by legitimate authority, not private vowחָרַם (Hophal, H2763) 'to be devoted, banned'; passive — the person is placed under חֵרֶם by proper judicial or covenantal authority, not by an individual's private vow, distinguishing this case from vv. 1-27.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phraseמִן (H4480) 'from', partitive.
הָאָדָ֖םmankindart + N m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Object of the preposition מִןאָדָם (H120) 'man, humankind', with article.
לֹ֣אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יִפָּדֶ֑הmay be ransomedNiphal impf 3ms · פָּדָה (H6299)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol/Niphal passive: prohibition — no ransom is possibleפָּדָה (Niphal, H6299) 'to be redeemed, ransomed'; passive, categorically excluded — a human חֵרֶם cannot be bought back with money as the poor person of v. 8 or the animal of v. 27 can.
מ֖וֹתsurelyQal inf abs · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic certainty — the sentence is definite and inescapableמוּת (Qal inf abs, H4191) 'to die'; paired with the finite יוּמָת for maximal emphasis, the standard Hebrew idiom for an unconditional death sentence (cf. Exod 21:12).
יוּמָֽתhe shall be put to deathHophal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol/Hophal passive: the mandated, certain penaltyמוּת (Hophal, H4191) 'to be put to death'; passive, completing the emphatic מוֹת יוּמָת formula.
30

וְכָל מַעְשַׂ֨ר הָאָ֜רֶץ מִזֶּ֤רַע הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ מִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ לַיהוָ֖ה ה֑וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה

And every tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land or of the fruit of the tree, is YHWH's; it is holy to YHWH.

New topic: the tithe (מַעֲשֵׂר) of produceasyndeton
The agricultural tithe is intrinsically YHWH's — declared holy before any vow, the ground of the redemption rule that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְכָלand allconj + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinating conjunction + construct quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַעְשַׂ֨רthe tithe ofN m sg constr · מַעְשַׂר (H4643)Genitive of the construct chainמַעֲשֵׂר (H4643) 'tithe, tenth part', from עשׂר 'ten'; the chapter's final major topic, opening the tithe unit (vv. 30-33).
הָאָ֜רֶץthe landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive completing the constructאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'.
מִזֶּ֤רַעof the seed ofprep + N m sg constr · זֶרַע (H2233)Partitive prepositional phrase (construct)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed', construct, with partitive מִן.
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive completing the constructאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
מִפְּרִ֣יor of the fruit ofprep + N m sg constr · פְּרִי (H6529)Coordinated partitive prepositional phrase (construct)פְּרִי (H6529) 'fruit', construct, with partitive מִן.
הָעֵ֔ץthe treeart + N m sg abs · עֵץ (H6086)Genitive completing the constructעֵץ (H6086) 'tree'.
לַיהוָ֖הYHWH'sprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate prepositional phrase of possessionלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
ה֑וּאit (is)pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of the verbless clauseהוּא (H1931), 3ms pronoun, subject/copula.
קֹ֖דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative (second clause)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
לַֽיהוָֽהto YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
31

וְאִם גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹ חֲמִשִׁית֖וֹ יֹסֵ֥ף עָלָֽיו

If a man indeed redeems any of his tithe, he shall add a fifth to it.

Redemption rule for the produce titheasyndeton
The now-familiar added-fifth (חֹמֶשׁ) penalty attaches to redeeming what is already holy.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְאִםand ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the redemption optionאִם (H518) 'if'.
גָּאֹ֥לindeedQal inf abs · גָּאַל (H1350)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic — 'if he does indeed wish to redeem'גָּאַל (Qal inf abs, H1350) 'to redeem'.
יִגְאַ֛לhe redeemsQal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: hypothetical option, intensified by the infinitive absoluteגָּאַל (Qal, H1350) 'to redeem, buy back'; here of commuting produce-tithe into cash for one's own use.
אִ֖ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of יִגְאַלאִישׁ (H376) 'man'.
מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹany of his titheprep + N m sg constr + Sp3ms · מַעֲשֵׂר (H4643)Partitive prepositional phraseמַעֲשֵׂר (H4643) + 3ms suffix, with partitive מִן, 'some of his tithe'.
חֲמִשִׁית֖וֹits fifthN f sg constr + Sp3ms · חֲמִישִׁית (H2549)Direct object of יֹסֵףחֲמִישִׁית (H2549) 'a fifth', the standard redemption surcharge.
יֹסֵ֥ףhe shall addHiphil impf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive apodosisיָסַף (Hiphil, H3254) 'to add, increase'.
עָלָֽיוto itprep + Sp3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase marking what the fifth is added toעַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, 'upon it'.
32

וְכָל מַעְשַׂ֤ר בָּקָר֙ וָצֹ֔אן כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה

And every tithe of herd or flock, all that passes under the rod, the tenth shall be holy to YHWH.

The animal tithe: counted under the rodasyndeton
Every tenth animal 'passing under the rod' (תַּחַת הַשָּׁבֶט, the shepherd's counting-staff) is holy — the herdsman's tithe.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְכָלand everyconj + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinating conjunction + construct quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
מַעְשַׂ֤רthe tithe ofN m sg constr · מַעְשַׂר (H4643)Genitive of the construct chainמַעֲשֵׂר (H4643) 'tithe'; here of livestock, the chapter's final tithe-category.
בָּקָר֙herdN c sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Genitive completing the constructבָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle, herd'.
וָצֹ֔אןor flockconj + N c sg abs · צֹאן (H6629)Coordinated genitiveצֹאן (H6629) 'flock, small livestock (sheep/goats)'.
כֹּ֥לallN m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Casus pendens, resuming the topicכֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a defining clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle.
יַעֲבֹ֖רpassesQal impf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: generic/habitual, describing the counting procedureעָבַר (Qal, H5674) 'to pass, pass over'; the technical verb of the tithe-counting rite.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Locative prepositional phraseתַּחַת (H8478) 'under, beneath'.
הַשָּׁ֑בֶטthe rodart + N m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Object of the preposition תַּחַתשֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'rod, staff'; the herdsman's staff used to count animals as they file past — 'passing under the rod' is the physical act of tithing livestock by simple sequential count, the tenth animal taken regardless of quality (contrast v. 33).
הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕יthe tenthart + adj m sg abs · עֲשִׂירִי (H6224)Subject of the main clauseעֲשִׂירִי (H6224) 'tenth', ordinal from עֶשֶׂר 'ten'.
יִֽהְיֶהshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptiveהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
קֹּ֖דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominativeקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
לַֽיהוָֽהto YHWHprep + Np · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase marking the recipientלְ + יְהוָה (H3068).
33

לֹ֧א יְבַקֵּ֛ר בֵּֽין ט֥וֹב לָרַ֖ע וְלֹ֣א יְמִירֶ֑נּוּ וְאִם הָמֵ֣ר יְמִירֶ֔נּוּ וְהָֽיָה ה֧וּא וּתְמוּרָת֛וֹ יִֽהְיֶה קֹ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל

He shall not inquire whether it is good or bad, nor exchange it; and if he does exchange it, then both it and its substitute shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed.

No selection or substitution of the tithe-animalasyndeton
As with vowed clean animals (v. 10), any attempt to swap makes both holy — preventing the owner from gaming the count.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
לֹ֧אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יְבַקֵּ֛רhe shall inspectPiel impf 3ms · בָּקַר (H1239)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: a durative/general negative commandבָּקַר (Piel, H1239) 'to inspect, examine, seek out'; forbids selective culling of the tithe-animal by quality, in contrast to the priest's discretionary עֵרֶךְ for the unclean animal (v. 12) or house (v. 14).
בֵּֽיןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phrase marking the rangeבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
ט֥וֹבgoodadj m sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Object of the preposition בֵּין (first term)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לָרַ֖עand badprep + adj m sg abs · רַע (H7451)Coordinated object of the range (with לְ)רַע (H7451) 'bad', with לְ here functioning as the second term of the בֵּין...לְ range construction.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj + neg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle, second prohibitionלֹא (H3808), negation, coordinated.
יְמִירֶ֑נּוּhe shall exchange itHiphil impf 3ms + Sp3ms · מוּר (H4171)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)מוּר (Hiphil, H4171) + 3ms suffix, 'to exchange (it)'; forbids swapping a better animal in for the destined tithe-animal, or vice versa.
וְאִםbut ifconj + conj · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunction introducing the violation caseאִם (H518) 'if'.
הָמֵ֣רindeedHiphil inf abs · מוּר (H4171)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic — 'if he does indeed exchange'מוּר (Hiphil inf abs, H4171) 'to exchange'; paired with the finite יְמִירֶנּוּ for emphasis, echoing v. 10's identical construction for the vowed animal.
יְמִירֶ֔נּוּhe exchanges itHiphil impf 3ms + Sp3ms · מוּר (H4171)Predicate verb of the protasisמוּר (Hiphil, H4171) + 3ms suffix, 'to exchange (it)'.
וְהָֽיָהthen it shall beconj + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis, the penaltyהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be'.
ה֧וּאitpron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject (first of a compound subject)הוּא (H1931), 3ms pronoun, referring to the original tithe-animal.
וּתְמוּרָת֛וֹand its substituteconj + N f sg constr + Sp3ms · תְּמוּרָה (H8545)Subject (second of a compound subject)תְּמוּרָה (H8545) 'substitute, exchange'; the animal wrongly swapped in.
יִֽהְיֶהshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol, resumptive apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptiveהָיָה (Qal, H1961) 'to be, become'.
קֹ֖דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominativeקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'; as with v. 10's animal-vow, the substitution penalty doubles the consecration rather than nullifying it.
לֹ֥אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808), negation.
יִגָּאֵֽלit shall be redeemedNiphal impf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (yiqtol, prohibition)→ Yiqtol/Niphal passive: prohibition — closes the chapter with a final, absolute bar on redemptionגָּאַל (Niphal, H1350) 'to be redeemed'; passive — unlike the freely redeemable tithe of v. 31, an animal caught up in an illicit substitution can never be bought back, echoing the irredeemability of the חֵרֶם (v. 28).
34

אֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֺ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֖ר סִינָֽי

These are the commandments that YHWH commanded Moses for the sons of Israel on Mount Sinai.

Closing colophon of the book of Leviticusasyndeton
The subscription binds the whole book (and its ch. 27 appendix) to the Sinai revelation, echoing 26:46 and sealing Leviticus.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֵ֣לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Subject of the verbless colophonאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these', the common-plural demonstrative closing the book. [source id 03paa]
הַמִּצְוֺ֗תthe commandmentsart + N f pl abs · מִצְוָה (H4687)Predicate nominativeמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment', from צִוָּה 'to command'; the summarizing term for the whole Sinai legislation. [source id 03pEi]
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing the attributive clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), the all-purpose relative. [source id 03Smk]
צִוָּ֧הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: the completed, authoritative act of commandingצִוָּה (H6680) Piel 'to command, charge'; the standard verb for divine legislation. [source id 03xVw]
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068), the divine name, the covenant God of Israel. [source id 03b8w]
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking the definite object מֹשֶׁה. [source id 034fw]
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator to whom the commandments are given. [source id 03Q5r]
אֶלforprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition of benefaction/directionאֶל (H413) 'to, for', here marking the beneficiaries of the legislation. [source id 03fR5]
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct governing יִשְׂרָאֵלבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'the sons of Israel', the covenant people. [source id 03cJn]
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the nation addressed throughout Leviticus. [source id 03Jgv]
בְּהַ֖רon Mountprep בְּ + N m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Locative prepositional phraseהַר (H2022) 'mountain'; 'on Mount Sinai', the place of revelation. [source id 03JLY]
סִינָֽיSinaiN proper · סִינַי (H5514)Genitive of the locative constructסִינַי (H5514), the mountain of the covenant and the whole book's setting. [source id 03q52]