Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 44ישעיהו 44

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Jeshurun addressed as chosen servant, Spirit poured like water on thirsty ground, public self-identification with YHWH, the divine claim to be first and last, the long and merciless exposure of idol-making absurdity, the renewed call for Jacob to remember redemption, and the startling naming of Cyrus as shepherd for Jerusalem's restoration make Isaiah 44 one of the book's richest chapters for binding consolation, anti-idolatry polemic, and historical promise together. It opens by carrying forward the tender register of the previous chapter. Jacob is told to hear as servant and chosen one, and YHWH is described again as maker and former from the womb. The promise that follows is one of abundance and animation: water on thirst, streams on dry ground, Spirit on offspring, blessing on descendants. The result is pictured in vegetal flourishing and in communal confession, as different voices claim belonging to YHWH, call themselves by Jacob's name, inscribe allegiance to YHWH, and honor the name Israel. Consolation here is not merely inward relief; it is the public reconstitution of identity under divine possession. From there the chapter turns to one of Isaiah's strongest self-declarations from YHWH: Israel's King and Redeemer, YHWH of hosts, is first and last, and besides him there is no God. The challenge to any rival is again forensic. Let another power announce and arrange history as YHWH does. Israel need not fear, because it has already been told and made witness, and no other Rock is known. That monotheistic claim then widens into the chapter's most extended anti-idol satire. Makers of images are called emptiness, their cherished things are useless, and the whole manufacturing process is narrated with deliberate irony. The blacksmith grows hungry and faint while forging; the carpenter measures, shapes, and beautifies wood; trees are planted and grown by rain; then the same material becomes fuel for warmth, bread-baking, and meat-roasting, while the remnant becomes a god before which the maker bows and prays for rescue. The force of the section lies not only in mockery but in epistemic judgment. Eyes are smeared shut, hearts cannot understand, and the idolater never stops to reckon with the contradiction that one half of the wood fed the fire while the rest became an abomination. Remembering and redemption answer that blindness in the next movement. Jacob-Israel is summoned to remember, because the servant has been formed by YHWH and will not be forgotten by him. Transgressions are blotted out like cloud and mist, the people are called to return, and then heaven, depths, mountains, forest, and trees are summoned into praise because YHWH has redeemed Jacob and glorified himself in Israel. The closing movement tightens redemption into history. The same maker-from-the-womb who stretched out heaven and earth alone frustrates liars, overturns diviners, and makes wise men retreat. By contrast, he confirms the word of his servant and completes the counsel of his messengers by declaring that Jerusalem will be inhabited and Judah's cities rebuilt. Even the deep is dried at his word, and the climax names Cyrus as shepherd who will fulfill YHWH's pleasure by saying that Jerusalem will be rebuilt and the temple founded. Taken together, Spirit-given renewal, exclusive deity, idol satire, remembered redemption, cosmic praise, and the naming of a foreign ruler for Zion's restoration form a chapter where YHWH proves his singular godhood not only by mocking false worship but by giving life, redeeming sin, and directing the future rebuilding of his people.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Five linked movements shape the chapter: Jacob-Jeshurun is addressed as chosen servant and promised Spirit-poured fertility and public belonging to YHWH (vv. 1-5), YHWH the King and Redeemer declares himself first and last and challenges any rival deity to match his sovereign telling of history (vv. 6-8), the fabrication and worship of idols is exposed in an extended satire that moves from human labor to spiritual blindness (vv. 9-20), Jacob-Israel is summoned to remember redemption and to return while the cosmos is called to sing (vv. 21-23), and the closing oracle presents YHWH as creator who frustrates false signs, confirms his servants' word, rebuilds Jerusalem and Judah, dries the deep, and names Cyrus as shepherd for the restoration project (vv. 24-28). Verses 1-5 should preserve the warm covenantal naming of the opening. Verse 2's cluster of maker, former from the womb, helper, servant Jacob, and Jeshurun should remain dense rather than overly simplified, because the rhetoric fuses creation, election, and affectionate address. Verse 3's water imagery and Spirit-pouring should stay parallel and concrete: fertility of land and vitality of descendants interpret one another. Verse 5 is especially important and should retain its multiple public gestures of belonging, naming, inscription, and honorary self-designation, since the chapter imagines renewed identity as something openly confessed. Verses 6-8 return to the divine self-declaration and should preserve their emphatic exclusivity. 'I am first and I am last' and 'besides me there is no God' are central formulations, while verse 7's challenge about declaring what has been and what is to come should retain its forensic edge. Verse 8's closing claim about the Rock should remain vivid, because it grounds Israel's fearlessness in a stable divine reality YHWH alone knows. Verses 9-20 form one continuous satire and should be translated with narrative clarity rather than flattened summary. The makers are emptiness, their witnesses are blind, and the craftsmanship details matter. The blacksmith's tools, heat, strength, hunger, thirst, and fatigue in verse 12; the carpenter's measuring, marking, shaping, and anthropomorphic beautifying in verse 13; the felling or planting of trees in verse 14; and the practical uses of the wood in verses 15-17 all build the argument. Verse 17 should keep the scandal of prayer to the residue of the same material used for ordinary fire. Verses 18-20 then explain the blindness beneath the absurdity. The language of eyes smeared shut, heart deceived, and feeding on ashes should remain severe and memorable, and verse 20's final question about the lie in the right hand is a crucial close to the satire. Verses 21-23 shift from blindness to remembrance and should preserve the logic of covenant return. Verse 21's reassurance that Israel will not be forgotten by YHWH answers the prior inability to think rightly. Verse 22's cloud and mist imagery makes forgiveness atmospheric and sweeping, while verse 23's summons to heaven, depths, mountains, forest, and trees should remain expansive and exuberant. Verses 24-28 then translate theology into history. Verse 24 gathers redemption, womb-formation, and sole-creatorship. Verse 25 sets YHWH over against liars, diviners, and worldly wise men, while verse 26 contrasts them with servant and messenger whose word he confirms. Verse 27's address to the deep or watery abyss should remain direct and exodus-colored. Verse 28 culminates the chapter by naming Cyrus and giving him the role of shepherd who fulfills YHWH's pleasure in saying Jerusalem will be rebuilt and the temple founded. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as a chapter where renewal of Israel, exposure of idols, and the forecast of restoration under Cyrus all serve the same end: demonstrating that YHWH alone creates, remembers, redeems, and directs history. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

וְעַתָּ֥ה שְׁמַ֖ע יַעֲקֹ֣ב עַבְדִּ֑י וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בָּחַ֥רְתִּי בֽוֹ

Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen:

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'listen'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְעַתָּ֥הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
שְׁמַ֖עlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
יַעֲקֹ֣בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
עַבְדִּ֑יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לnow Israelconj וְ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'now Israel'.
בָּחַ֥רְתִּיhe will chooseQal perf 1cs · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
בֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
2

כֹּה אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֥ה עֹשֶׂ֛ךָ וְיֹצֶרְךָ֥ מִבֶּ֖טֶן יַעְזְרֶ֑ךָּ אַל תִּירָא֙ עַבְדִּ֣י יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וִישֻׁר֖וּן בָּחַ֥רְתִּי בֽוֹ

Thus says YHWH that made you, and formed you from the womb, will help you; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and you, Jesurun, whom I have chosen.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כֹּהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֨רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֹשֶׂ֛ךָmade youQal ptc ms + sfx 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'made you'.
וְיֹצֶרְךָ֥formedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 2ms · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
מִבֶּ֖טֶןfrom the womb ofprep + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'from the womb of'.
יַעְזְרֶ֑ךָּand help youQal impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּירָא֙fearQal jussive 2ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
עַבְדִּ֣יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
יַֽעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וִישֻׁר֖וּןJeshurunconj וְ + N proper · יְשֻׁרוּן (H3484)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשֻׁרוּן (H3484) 'Jeshurun'.
בָּחַ֥רְתִּיhe will chooseQal perf 1cs · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
בֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
3

כִּ֤י אֶצָּק מַ֨יִם֙ עַל צָמֵ֔א וְנֹזְלִ֖ים עַל יַבָּשָׁ֑ה אֶצֹּ֤ק רוּחִי֙ עַל זַרְעֶ֔ךָ וּבִרְכָתִ֖י עַל צֶאֱצָאֶֽיךָ

For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon your seed, and my blessing upon your offspring:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he cast'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶצָּקand he castQal impf 1cs · יָצַק (H3332)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצַק (H3332) 'and he cast'.
מַ֨יִם֙waterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
צָמֵ֔אthe dry/thirstyAdj · צָמֵא (H6771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָמֵא (H6771) 'the dry/thirsty'.
וְנֹזְלִ֖יםlet it distillconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · נָזַל (H5140)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָזַל (H5140) 'let it distill'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יַבָּשָׁ֑הon dry groundN c · יַבָּשָׁה (H3004)Construct chain (genitival)יַבָּשָׁה (H3004) 'on dry ground'.
אֶצֹּ֤קand he castQal impf 1cs · יָצַק (H3332)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצַק (H3332) 'and he cast'.
רוּחִי֙my SpiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'my Spirit'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
זַרְעֶ֔ךָyour offspringN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'your offspring'.
וּבִרְכָתִ֖יthe blessingconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'the blessing'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
צֶאֱצָאֶֽיךָthat which cometh forthN c · צֶאֱצָא (H6631)Construct chain (genitival)צֶאֱצָא (H6631) 'that which cometh forth'.
4

וְצָמְח֖וּ בְּבֵ֣ין חָצִ֑יר כַּעֲרָבִ֖ים עַל יִבְלֵי מָֽיִם

And they shall spring up among the grass, as willows by the water courses.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְצָמְח֖וּsproutingconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · צָמַח (H6779)Particle or relational elementצָמַח (H6779) 'sprouting'.
בְּבֵ֣יןbetweenprep + prep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
חָצִ֑ירthe leeksN c · חָצִיר (H2682)Construct chain (genitival)חָצִיר (H2682) 'the leeks'.
כַּעֲרָבִ֖יםand willows ofprep + N com f pl abs · עֲרָבָה (H6155)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָבָה (H6155) 'and willows of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יִבְלֵי(water-) courseN c · יָבָל (H2988)Construct chain (genitival)יָבָל (H2988) '(water-) course'.
מָֽיִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
5

זֶ֤ה יֹאמַר֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אָ֔נִי וְזֶ֖ה יִקְרָ֣א בְשֵֽׁם יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְזֶ֗ה יִכְתֹּ֤ב יָדוֹ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְשֵׁ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יְכַנֶּֽה

One shall say, I YHWH's; and another shall call by the name of Jacob; and another shall subscribe his hand to YHWH, and surname by the name of Israel.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he says'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
זֶ֤הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
יֹאמַר֙he saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
לַֽיהוָ֣הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
אָ֔נִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
וְזֶ֖הand thisconj וְ + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'and this'.
יִקְרָ֣אshall be calledQal impf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
בְשֵֽׁםin the name ofprep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
יַעֲקֹ֑בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וְזֶ֗הand thisconj וְ + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'and this'.
יִכְתֹּ֤בand he wroteQal impf 3ms · כָּתַב (H3789)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּתַב (H3789) 'and he wrote'.
יָדוֹ֙his handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
וּבְשֵׁ֥םand in the name ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'and in the name of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
יְכַנֶּֽהgive flattering titlesPiel impf 3ms · כָּנָה (H3655)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּנָה (H3655) 'give flattering titles'.
6

כֹּֽה אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה מֶֽלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וְגֹאֲל֖וֹ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אֲנִ֤י רִאשׁוֹן֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אַחֲר֔וֹן וּמִבַּלְעָדַ֖י אֵ֥ין אֱלֹהִֽים

Thus says YHWH the King of Israel, and his redeemer YHWH of hosts; I the first, and I the last; and beside me no God.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֨רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וְגֹאֲל֖וֹthe avenger ofconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֑וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
רִאשׁוֹן֙firstAdj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'.
וַאֲנִ֣יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
אַחֲר֔וֹןafterwardAdj · אַחֲרוֹן (H314)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרוֹן (H314) 'afterward'.
וּמִבַּלְעָדַ֖יbesidesconj וְ + prep + prep + sfx 1cs · בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107)Particle or relational elementבִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107) 'besides'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
7

וּמִֽי כָמ֣וֹנִי יִקְרָ֗א וְיַגִּידֶ֤הָ וְיַעְרְכֶ֨הָ֙ לִ֔י מִשּׂוּמִ֖י עַם עוֹלָ֑ם וְאֹתִיּ֛וֹת וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר תָּבֹ֖אנָה יַגִּ֥ידוּ לָֽמוֹ

And who, as I, shall call, and shall declare it, and set it in order for me, since I appointed the ancient people? and the things that are coming, and shall come, let them shew to them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וּמִֽיand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
כָמ֣וֹנִיlike itprep + sfx 1cs · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like it'.
יִקְרָ֗אshall be calledQal impf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
וְיַגִּידֶ֤הָand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
וְיַעְרְכֶ֨הָ֙and he arrangedconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָרַךְ (H6186) 'and he arranged'.
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
מִשּׂוּמִ֖יand he setprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
עַםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
עוֹלָ֑םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
וְאֹתִיּ֛וֹתand he cameconj וְ + Qal ptc fp · אָתָה (H857)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָתָה (H857) 'and he came'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֥רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
תָּבֹ֖אנָהand they cameQal impf 3fp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
יַגִּ֥ידוּthey will declareHiphil impf 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'they will declare'.
לָֽמוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
8

אַֽל תִּפְחֲדוּ֙ וְאַל תִּרְה֔וּ הֲלֹ֥א מֵאָ֛ז הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥יךָ וְהִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְאַתֶּ֣ם עֵדָ֑י הֲיֵ֤שׁ אֱל֨וֹהַּ֙ מִבַּלְעָדַ֔י וְאֵ֥ין צ֖וּר בַּל יָדָֽעְתִּי

Fear you not, neither be afraid: have not I told you from that time, and have declared ? you even my witnesses. Is there a God beside me? yea, no God; I know not .

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and you will dread'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּפְחֲדוּ֙and you will dreadQal jussive 2mp · פָּחַד (H6342)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalפָּחַד (H6342) 'and you will dread'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תִּרְה֔וּbe afraidQal jussive 2mp · רָהָה (H7297)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָהָה (H7297) 'be afraid'.
הֲלֹ֥אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
מֵאָ֛זsinceprep + art · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'since'.
הִשְׁמַעְתִּ֥יךָand he heardHiphil perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
וְהִגַּ֖דְתִּיand I will tellconj וְ + Hiphil perf 1cs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'and I will tell'.
וְאַתֶּ֣םand youconj וְ + pron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
עֵדָ֑יa witnessN c · עֵד (H5707)Construct chain (genitival)עֵד (H5707) 'a witness'.
הֲיֵ֤שׁis thereinterrog. + adv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'is there'.
אֱל֨וֹהַּ֙GodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
מִבַּלְעָדַ֔יbesidesprep + prep + sfx 1cs · בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107)Particle or relational elementבִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107) 'besides'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
צ֖וּרrockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'rock'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
יָדָֽעְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
9

יֹֽצְרֵי פֶ֤סֶל כֻּלָּם֙ תֹּ֔הוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם בַּל יוֹעִ֑ילוּ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄ בַּל יִרְא֛וּ וּבַל יֵדְע֖וּ לְמַ֥עַן יֵבֹֽשׁוּ

They that make a graven image all of them vanity; and their delectable things shall not profit; and they their own witnesses; they see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'formed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
יֹֽצְרֵיformedQal ptc mp · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
פֶ֤סֶלa carved imageN c · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
כֻּלָּם֙all of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
תֹּ֔הוּwasteN c · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'waste'.
וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖םyou shall covetconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3mp · חָמַד (H2530)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָמַד (H2530) 'you shall covet'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
יוֹעִ֑ילוּat allHiphil impf 3mp · יָעַל (H3276)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָעַל (H3276) 'at all'.
וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣םa witnessconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · עֵד (H5707)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵד (H5707) 'a witness'.
הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
יִרְא֛וּshall they appearQal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall they appear'.
וּבַלandconj וְ + neg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'and'.
יֵדְע֖וּhave knownQal impf 3mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
לְמַ֥עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
יֵבֹֽשׁוּwere ashamedQal impf 3mp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
10

מִֽי יָצַ֥ר אֵ֖ל וּפֶ֣סֶל נָסָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הוֹעִֽיל

Who has formed a god, or molten a graven image is profitable for nothing?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he had formed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יָצַ֥רhe had formedQal perf 3ms · יָצַר (H3335)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַר (H3335) 'he had formed'.
אֵ֖לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וּפֶ֣סֶלand a carved imageconj וְ + N com m sg abs · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'and a carved image'.
נָסָ֑ךְand he pouredQal perf 3ms · נָסַךְ (H5258)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָסַךְ (H5258) 'and he poured'.
לְבִלְתִּ֖יso as not toprep + conj וְ · בִּלְתִּי (H1115)Particle or relational elementבִּלְתִּי (H1115) 'so as not to'.
הוֹעִֽילat allHiphil inf constr · יָעַל (H3276)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָעַל (H3276) 'at all'.
11

הֵ֤ן כָּל חֲבֵרָיו֙ יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ וְחָרָשִׁ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה מֵֽאָדָ֑ם יִֽתְקַבְּצ֤וּ כֻלָּם֙ יַֽעֲמֹ֔דוּ יִפְחֲד֖וּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ יָֽחַד

Behold, all his fellows shall be ashamed: and the workmen, they of men: let them all be gathered together, let them stand up; they shall fear, they shall be ashamed together.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'were ashamed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הֵ֤ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
חֲבֵרָיו֙knit togetherN c · חָבֵר (H2270)Construct chain (genitival)חָבֵר (H2270) 'knit together'.
יֵבֹ֔שׁוּwere ashamedQal impf 3mp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
וְחָרָשִׁ֥יםa craftsmanconj וְ + N com m pl abs · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
הֵ֖מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
מֵֽאָדָ֑םfrom manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'from man'.
יִֽתְקַבְּצ֤וּand he gatheredHithpael impf 3mp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
כֻלָּם֙all of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
יַֽעֲמֹ֔דוּshall standQal impf 3mp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'shall stand'.
יִפְחֲד֖וּand you will dreadQal impf 3mp · פָּחַד (H6342)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּחַד (H6342) 'and you will dread'.
יֵבֹ֥שׁוּwere ashamedQal impf 3mp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
יָֽחַדtogetherN c · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Construct chain (genitival)יַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
12

חָרַ֤שׁ בַּרְזֶל֙ מַֽעֲצָ֔ד וּפָעַל֙ בַּפֶּחָ֔ם וּבַמַּקָּב֖וֹת יִצְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיִּפְעָלֵ֨הוּ֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ כֹּח֔וֹ גַּם רָעֵב֙ וְאֵ֣ין כֹּ֔חַ לֹא שָׁ֥תָה מַ֖יִם וַיִּיעָֽף

The smith with the tongs both worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it with hammers, and worketh it with the strength of his arms: yea, he is hungry, and his strength faileth: he drinketh no water, and is faint.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
חָרַ֤שׁa craftsmanN c · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Construct chain (genitival)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
בַּרְזֶל֙ironN c · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Construct chain (genitival)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'iron'.
מַֽעֲצָ֔דaxN c · מַעֲצָד (H4621)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲצָד (H4621) 'ax'.
וּפָעַל֙didconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · פָּעַל (H6466)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
בַּפֶּחָ֔םinprep + art + N com m sg abs · פֶּחָם (H6352)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּחָם (H6352) 'in'.
וּבַמַּקָּב֖וֹתandconj וְ + prep + art + N com f pl abs · מַקָּבָה (H4717)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַקָּבָה (H4717) 'and'.
יִצְּרֵ֑הוּformedQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · יָצַר (H3335)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
וַיִּפְעָלֵ֨הוּ֙didconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · פָּעַל (H6466)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
בִּזְר֣וֹעַwith an armprep + N com c sg constr · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'with an arm'.
כֹּח֔וֹby your powerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'by your power'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
רָעֵב֙and he let you hungerQal perf 3ms · רָעֵב (H7456)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָעֵב (H7456) 'and he let you hunger'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
כֹּ֔חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁ֥תָהdrinkQal perf 3ms · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁתָה (H8354) 'drink'.
מַ֖יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וַיִּיעָֽףwearyconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָעַף (H3286)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָעַף (H3286) 'weary'.
13

חָרַ֣שׁ עֵצִים֮ נָ֣טָה קָו֒ יְתָאֲרֵ֣הוּ בַשֶּׂ֔רֶד יַעֲשֵׂ֨הוּ֙ בַּמַּקְצֻע֔וֹת וּבַמְּחוּגָ֖ה יְתָאֳרֵ֑הוּ וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֨הוּ֙ כְּתַבְנִ֣ית אִ֔ישׁ כְּתִפְאֶ֥רֶת אָדָ֖ם לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽיִת

The carpenter stretcheth out rule; he marketh it out with a line; he fitteth it with planes, and he marketh it out with the compass, and maketh it after the figure of a man, according to the beauty of a man; that it may remain in the house.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'stretch out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
חָרַ֣שׁa craftsmanN c · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Construct chain (genitival)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
עֵצִים֮woodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
נָ֣טָהstretch outQal perf 3ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
קָו֒line. CompareN c · קַו (H6957)Construct chain (genitival)קַו (H6957) 'line. Compare'.
יְתָאֲרֵ֣הוּand [the border] curvedPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · תָּאַר (H8388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּאַר (H8388) 'and [the border] curved'.
בַשֶּׂ֔רֶדinprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׂרֶד (H8279)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׂרֶד (H8279) 'in'.
יַעֲשֵׂ֨הוּ֙he didQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
בַּמַּקְצֻע֔וֹתinprep + art + N com f pl abs · מַקְצֻעָה (H4741)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַקְצֻעָה (H4741) 'in'.
וּבַמְּחוּגָ֖הandconj וְ + prep + art + N com f sg abs · מְחוּגָה (H4230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְחוּגָה (H4230) 'and'.
יְתָאֳרֵ֑הוּand [the border] curvedPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · תָּאַר (H8388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּאַר (H8388) 'and [the border] curved'.
וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֨הוּ֙to doconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
כְּתַבְנִ֣יתthe likeness ofprep + N com f sg constr · תַּבְנִית (H8403)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּבְנִית (H8403) 'the likeness of'.
אִ֔ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
כְּתִפְאֶ֥רֶתand for beautyprep + N com f sg constr · תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597) 'and for beauty'.
אָדָ֖םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
לָשֶׁ֥בֶתto dwellprep + Qal inf constr · יָשַׁב (H3427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell'.
בָּֽיִתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
14

לִכְרָת ל֣וֹ אֲרָזִ֔ים וַיִּקַּ֤ח תִּרְזָה֙ וְאַלּ֔וֹן וַיְאַמֶּץ ל֖וֹ בַּעֲצֵי יָ֑עַר נָטַ֥ע אֹ֖רֶ וְגֶ֥שֶׁם יְגַדֵּֽל

He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the cypress and the oak, which he strengtheneth for himself among the trees of the forest: he planteth an ash, and the rain does nourish .

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to cut down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לִכְרָתto cut downprep + Qal inf constr · כָּרַת (H3772)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּרַת (H3772) 'to cut down'.
ל֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
אֲרָזִ֔יםcedarN c · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
וַיִּקַּ֤חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
תִּרְזָה֙cypressN c · תִּרְזָה (H8645)Construct chain (genitival)תִּרְזָה (H8645) 'cypress'.
וְאַלּ֔וֹןthe oakconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אַלּוֹן (H437)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַלּוֹן (H437) 'the oak'.
וַיְאַמֶּץand be courageousconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בַּעֲצֵיwood ofprep + N com m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood of'.
יָ֑עַרforestN c · יַעַר (H3293)Construct chain (genitival)יַעַר (H3293) 'forest'.
נָטַ֥עhas plantedQal perf 3ms · נָטַע (H5193)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטַע (H5193) 'has planted'.
אֹ֖רֶashN c · אֹרֶן (H766)Construct chain (genitival)אֹרֶן (H766) 'ash'.
וְגֶ֥שֶׁםthe rainconj וְ + N com m sg abs · גֶּשֶׁם (H1653)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּשֶׁם (H1653) 'the rain'.
יְגַדֵּֽלgrows upPiel impf 3ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּדַל (H1431) 'grows up'.
15

וְהָיָ֤ה לְאָדָם֙ לְבָעֵ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֵהֶם֙ וַיָּ֔חָם אַף יַשִּׂ֖יק וְאָ֣פָה לָ֑חֶם אַף יִפְעַל אֵל֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ עָשָׂ֥הוּ פֶ֖סֶל וַיִּסְגָּד לָֽמוֹ

Then shall it be for a man to burn: for he will take thereof, and warm himself; yea, he kindleth , and baketh bread; yea, he maketh a god, and worshippeth ; he maketh it a graven image, and falleth down thereto.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'for burning/consuming'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְהָיָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
לְאָדָם֙to manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'to man'.
לְבָעֵ֔רfor burning/consumingprep + Piel inf constr · בָּעַר (H1197)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּעַר (H1197) 'for burning/consuming'.
וַיִּקַּ֤חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
מֵהֶם֙from themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'from them'.
וַיָּ֔חָםand grew hotconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חַם/חָמַם (H2552)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחַם/חָמַם (H2552) 'and grew hot'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
יַשִּׂ֖יקburnHiphil impf 3ms · נָשַׂק (H5400)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׂק (H5400) 'burn'.
וְאָ֣פָהthe bakersconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · אָפָה (H644)Particle or relational elementאָפָה (H644) 'the bakers'.
לָ֑חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
יִפְעַלdidQal impf 3ms · פָּעַל (H6466)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אֵל֙GodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּand he bowed downconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and he bowed down'.
עָשָׂ֥הוּwho made himQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'who made him'.
פֶ֖סֶלa carved imageN c · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
וַיִּסְגָּדandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · סָגַד (H5456)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָגַד (H5456) 'and'.
לָֽמוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
16

חֶצְיוֹ֙ שָׂרַ֣ף בְּמוֹ אֵ֔שׁ עַל חֶצְיוֹ֙ בָּשָׂ֣ר יֹאכֵ֔ל יִצְלֶ֥ה צָלִ֖י וְיִשְׂבָּ֑ע אַף יָחֹם֙ וְיֹאמַ֣ר הֶאָ֔ח חַמּוֹתִ֖י רָאִ֥יתִי אֽוּר

He burneth part thereof in the fire; with part thereof he eateth flesh; he roasteth roast, and is satisfied: yea, he warmeth , and says, Aha, I am warm, I have seen the fire:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he burned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
חֶצְיוֹ֙its halfN c · חֲצִי (H2677)Construct chain (genitival)חֲצִי (H2677) 'its half'.
שָׂרַ֣ףhe burnedQal perf 3ms · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂרַף (H8313) 'he burned'.
בְּמוֹwithprep · בְּמוֹ (H1119)Particle or relational elementבְּמוֹ (H1119) 'with'.
אֵ֔שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
חֶצְיוֹ֙its halfN c · חֲצִי (H2677)Construct chain (genitival)חֲצִי (H2677) 'its half'.
בָּשָׂ֣רfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
יֹאכֵ֔לshall eatQal impf 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'shall eat'.
יִצְלֶ֥הtoQal impf 3ms · צָלָה (H6740)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָלָה (H6740) 'to'.
צָלִ֖יroasted (of)N c · צָלִי (H6748)Construct chain (genitival)צָלִי (H6748) 'roasted (of)'.
וְיִשְׂבָּ֑עand be satisfiedconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
יָחֹם֙and grew hotQal impf 3ms · חַם/חָמַם (H2552)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחַם/חָמַם (H2552) 'and grew hot'.
וְיֹאמַ֣רand he saidconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הֶאָ֔חahparticle · הֶאָח (H1889)Particle or relational elementהֶאָח (H1889) 'ah'.
חַמּוֹתִ֖יand grew hotQal perf 1cs · חַם/חָמַם (H2552)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחַם/חָמַם (H2552) 'and grew hot'.
רָאִ֥יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
אֽוּרfireN c · אוּר (H217)Construct chain (genitival)אוּר (H217) 'fire'.
17

וּשְׁאֵ֣רִית֔וֹ לְאֵ֥ל עָשָׂ֖ה לְפִסְל֑וֹ יסגוד יִסְגָּד ל֤וֹ וְיִשְׁתַּ֨חוּ֙ וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל אֵלָ֔יו וְיֹאמַר֙ הַצִּילֵ֔נִי כִּ֥י אֵלִ֖י אָֽתָּה

And the residue thereof he maketh a god, his graven image: he falleth down to it, and worshippeth , and prayeth to it, and says, Deliver me; for you my god.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וּשְׁאֵ֣רִית֔וֹa remnantconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · שְׁאֵרִית (H7611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאֵרִית (H7611) 'a remnant'.
לְאֵ֥לpower inprep + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'power in'.
עָשָׂ֖הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
לְפִסְל֑וֹa carved imageprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
יסגודfall downQal impf 3ms · סָגַד (H5456)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָגַד (H5456) 'fall down'.
יִסְגָּדfall downQal impf 3ms · סָגַד (H5456)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָגַד (H5456) 'fall down'.
ל֤וֹinprep + sfx 3ms · סָגַד (H5456)Particle or relational elementסָגַד (H5456) 'in'.
וְיִשְׁתַּ֨חוּ֙and he bowed downconj וְ + Hishtaphel impf 3ms · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and he bowed down'.
וְיִתְפַּלֵּ֣לand he prayedconj וְ + Hithpael impf 3ms · פָּלַל (H6419)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּלַל (H6419) 'and he prayed'.
אֵלָ֔יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
וְיֹאמַר֙and he saidconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַצִּילֵ֔נִיDeliver meHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָצַל (H5337) 'Deliver me'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵלִ֖יis my GodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'is my God'.
אָֽתָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
18

לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יָבִ֑ינוּ כִּ֣י טַ֤ח מֵֽרְאוֹת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם מֵהַשְׂכִּ֖יל לִבֹּתָֽם

They have not known nor understood: for he has shut their eyes, that they cannot see; their hearts, that they cannot understand.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have known'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדְע֖וּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָבִ֑ינוּthey would discernQal impf 3mp · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'they would discern'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
טַ֤חand he shall plaster/coatQal perf 3ms · טוּחַ (H2902)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטוּחַ (H2902) 'and he shall plaster/coat'.
מֵֽרְאוֹת֙and he sawprep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔םtheir eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'their eyes'.
מֵהַשְׂכִּ֖ילyou may prosperprep + Hiphil inf constr · שָׂכַל (H7919)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
לִבֹּתָֽםhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
19

וְלֹא יָשִׁ֣יב אֶל לִבּ֗וֹ וְלֹ֨א דַ֥עַת וְלֹֽא תְבוּנָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ חֶצְי֞וֹ שָׂרַ֣פְתִּי בְמוֹ אֵ֗שׁ וְ֠אַף אָפִ֤יתִי עַל גֶּחָלָיו֙ לֶ֔חֶם אֶצְלֶ֥ה בָשָׂ֖ר וְאֹכֵ֑ל וְיִתְרוֹ֙ לְתוֹעֵבָ֣ה אֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה לְב֥וּל עֵ֖ץ אֶסְגּֽוֹד

And none considereth in his heart, neither knowledge nor understanding to say, I have burned part of it in the fire; yea, also I have baked bread upon the coals thereof; I have roasted flesh, and eaten : and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination? shall I fall down to the stock of a tree?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall refund'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָשִׁ֣יבhe shall refundHiphil impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall refund'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
לִבּ֗וֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
וְלֹ֨אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
דַ֥עַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תְבוּנָה֮understandingN c · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Construct chain (genitival)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'understanding'.
לֵאמֹר֒sayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
חֶצְי֞וֹits halfN c · חֲצִי (H2677)Construct chain (genitival)חֲצִי (H2677) 'its half'.
שָׂרַ֣פְתִּיyou shall burnQal perf 1cs · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂרַף (H8313) 'you shall burn'.
בְמוֹwithprep · בְּמוֹ (H1119)Particle or relational elementבְּמוֹ (H1119) 'with'.
אֵ֗שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
וְ֠אַףand alsoconj וְ + art · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'and also'.
אָפִ֤יתִיthe bakersQal perf 1cs · אָפָה (H644)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָפָה (H644) 'the bakers'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
גֶּחָלָיו֙coals ofN c · גַּחֶלֶת (H1513)Construct chain (genitival)גַּחֶלֶת (H1513) 'coals of'.
לֶ֔חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
אֶצְלֶ֥הtoQal impf 1cs · צָלָה (H6740)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָלָה (H6740) 'to'.
בָשָׂ֖רfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
וְאֹכֵ֑לand it will eatconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'and it will eat'.
וְיִתְרוֹ֙and the rest ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · יֶתֶר (H3499)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'and the rest of'.
לְתוֹעֵבָ֣הan abomination ofprep + N com f sg abs · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
אֶעֱשֶׂ֔הI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
לְב֥וּלtoprep + N com m sg constr · בּוּל (H944)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בּוּל (H944) 'to'.
עֵ֖ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
אֶסְגּֽוֹדfall downQal impf 1cs · סָגַד (H5456)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָגַד (H5456) 'fall down'.
20

רֹעֶ֣ה אֵ֔פֶר לֵ֥ב הוּתַ֖ל הִטָּ֑הוּ וְלֹֽא יַצִּ֤יל אֶת נַפְשׁוֹ֙ וְלֹ֣א יֹאמַ֔ר הֲל֥וֹא שֶׁ֖קֶר בִּימִינִֽי

He feedeth on ashes: a deceived heart has turned him aside, that he cannot deliver his soul, nor say, not a lie in my right hand?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shepherding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
רֹעֶ֣הshepherdingQal ptc ms · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
אֵ֔פֶרthe ashes ofN c · אֵפֶר (H665)Construct chain (genitival)אֵפֶר (H665) 'the ashes of'.
לֵ֥בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
הוּתַ֖לdeal deceitfullyHophal perf 3ms · הָתַל (H2048)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָתַל (H2048) 'deal deceitfully'.
הִטָּ֑הוּstretch outHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַצִּ֤ילhas deliveredHiphil impf 3ms · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשׁוֹ֙his soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יֹאמַ֔רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
הֲל֥וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
שֶׁ֖קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
בִּימִינִֽיthe rightprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · יָמִין (H3225)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָמִין (H3225) 'the right'.
21

זְכָר אֵ֣לֶּה יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֣י עַבְדִּי אָ֑תָּה יְצַרְתִּ֤יךָ עֶֽבֶד לִי֙ אַ֔תָּה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א תִנָּשֵֽׁנִי

Remember these, O Jacob and Israel; for you my servant: I have formed you; you my servant: O Israel, you shall not be forgotten of me.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'Remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
זְכָרRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
אֵ֣לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לnow Israelconj וְ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'now Israel'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַבְדִּיthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
אָ֑תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
יְצַרְתִּ֤יךָformedQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · יָצַר (H3335)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
עֶֽבֶדservant ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant of'.
לִי֙to meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
אַ֔תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִנָּשֵֽׁנִיhas made me forgetN · נָשָׁה (H5382)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָשָׁה (H5382) 'has made me forget'.
22

מָחִ֤יתִי כָעָב֙ פְּשָׁעֶ֔יךָ וְכֶעָנָ֖ן חַטֹּאותֶ֑יךָ שׁוּבָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י כִּ֥י גְאַלְתִּֽיךָ

I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, your transgressions, and, as a cloud, your sins: return to me; for I have redeemed you.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'be wiped out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מָחִ֤יתִיbe wiped outQal perf 1cs · מָחָה (H4229)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָחָה (H4229) 'be wiped out'.
כָעָב֙in the thickness ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · עָב (H5645)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָב (H5645) 'in the thickness of'.
פְּשָׁעֶ֔יךָand transgressionN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
וְכֶעָנָ֖ןthe cloudconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · עָנָן (H6051)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנָן (H6051) 'the cloud'.
חַטֹּאותֶ֑יךָas a sin offeringN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'as a sin offering'.
שׁוּבָ֥הReturn!Qal impv 2ms + Sh · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'Return!'.
אֵלַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גְאַלְתִּֽיךָthe avenger ofQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
23

רָנּ֨וּ שָׁמַ֜יִם כִּֽי עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת אָ֔רֶץ פִּצְח֤וּ הָרִים֙ רִנָּ֔ה יַ֖עַר וְכָל עֵ֣ץ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי גָאַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְפָּאָֽר

Sing, O you heavens; for YHWH has done : shout, you lower parts of the earth: break forth into singing, you mountains, O forest, and every tree therein: for YHWH has redeemed Jacob, and glorified himself in Israel.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'shout for joy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
רָנּ֨וּshout for joyQal impv 2mp · רָנַן (H7442)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
שָׁמַ֜יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָשָׂ֣הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הָרִ֨יעוּ֙shout!Hiphil impv 2mp · רוּעַ (H7321)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרוּעַ (H7321) 'shout!'.
תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹתthe lowerAdj · תַּחְתִּי (H8482)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּחְתִּי (H8482) 'the lower'.
אָ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
פִּצְח֤וּbreak (forthQal impv 2mp · פָּצַח (H6476)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּצַח (H6476) 'break (forth'.
הָרִים֙hillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
רִנָּ֔הcryN c · רִנָּה (H7440)Construct chain (genitival)רִנָּה (H7440) 'cry'.
יַ֖עַרforestN c · יַעַר (H3293)Construct chain (genitival)יַעַר (H3293) 'forest'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
עֵ֣ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גָאַ֤לthe avenger ofQal perf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יַֽעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelconj וְ + prep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
יִתְפָּאָֽרyou shall go over the boughs againHithpael impf 3ms · פָּאַר (H6286)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּאַר (H6286) 'you shall go over the boughs again'.
24

כֹּֽה אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ גֹּאֲלֶ֔ךָ וְיֹצֶרְךָ֖ מִבָּ֑טֶן אָנֹכִ֤י יְהוָה֙ עֹ֣שֶׂה כֹּ֔ל נֹטֶ֤ה שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ לְבַדִּ֔י רֹקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ מי אתי מֵאִתִּֽי

Thus says YHWH, your redeemer, and he that formed you from the womb, I YHWH that maketh all ; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֤רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
גֹּאֲלֶ֔ךָthe avenger ofQal ptc ms + sfx 2ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
וְיֹצֶרְךָ֖formedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 2ms · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
מִבָּ֑טֶןfrom the womb ofprep + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'from the womb of'.
אָנֹכִ֤יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֹ֣שֶׂהhe didQal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
כֹּ֔לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
נֹטֶ֤הstretch outQal ptc ms · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
שָׁמַ֨יִם֙heavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
לְבַדִּ֔יaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
רֹקַ֥עand they hammered outQal ptc ms · רָקַע (H7554)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָקַע (H7554) 'and they hammered out'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
מיthe waters ofN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'the waters of'.
אתיwith meprep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with me'.
מֵאִתִּֽיfrom meprep + prep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from me'.
25

מֵפֵר֙ אֹת֣וֹת בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֹסְמִ֖ים יְהוֹלֵ֑ל מֵשִׁ֧יב חֲכָמִ֛ים אָח֖וֹר וְדַעְתָּ֥ם יְשַׂכֵּֽל

That frustrateth the tokens of the liars, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he has broken'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
מֵפֵר֙he has brokenHiphil ptc ms · פָּרַר (H6565)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרַר (H6565) 'he has broken'.
אֹת֣וֹתthe signsN c · אוֹת (H226)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹת (H226) 'the signs'.
בַּדִּ֔יםliarN c · בַּד (H907)Construct chain (genitival)בַּד (H907) 'liar'.
וְקֹסְמִ֖יםdivinationsconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · קֶסֶם (H7080)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקֶסֶם (H7080) 'divinations'.
יְהוֹלֵ֑לand they praisedPiel impf 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
מֵשִׁ֧יבreturning [her]Hiphil ptc ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'returning [her]'.
חֲכָמִ֛יםwiseAdj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise'.
אָח֖וֹרbackwardN c · אָחוֹר (H268)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
וְדַעְתָּ֥םthe knowledge ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · דַּעַת (H1847)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּעַת (H1847) 'the knowledge of'.
יְשַׂכֵּֽלyou acted foolishlyPiel impf 3ms · סָכַל (H5528)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָכַל (H5528) 'you acted foolishly'.
26

מֵקִים֙ דְּבַ֣ר עַבְדּ֔וֹ וַעֲצַ֥ת מַלְאָכָ֖יו יַשְׁלִ֑ים הָאֹמֵ֨ר לִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם תּוּשָׁ֗ב וּלְעָרֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ תִּבָּנֶ֔ינָה וְחָרְבוֹתֶ֖יהָ אֲקוֹמֵֽם

That confirmeth the word of his servant, and performeth the counsel of his messengers; that says to Jerusalem, You shall be inhabited; and to the cities of Judah, You shall be built, and I will raise up the decayed places thereof:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'establishing'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
מֵקִים֙establishingHiphil ptc ms · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'establishing'.
דְּבַ֣רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
עַבְדּ֔וֹhis servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servant'.
וַעֲצַ֥תcounselconj וְ + N com f sg constr · עֵצָה (H6098)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵצָה (H6098) 'counsel'.
מַלְאָכָ֖יוthe angel ofN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the angel of'.
יַשְׁלִ֑יםhe shall payHiphil impf 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
הָאֹמֵ֨רwho saidart + Qal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'who said'.
לִירוּשָׁלִַ֜םJerusalemprep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
תּוּשָׁ֗בthe inhabitants ofHophal impf 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
וּלְעָרֵ֤יthe cityconj וְ + prep + N com f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
יְהוּדָה֙JudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
תִּבָּנֶ֔ינָהand he builtN · בָּנָה (H1129)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּנָה (H1129) 'and he built'.
וְחָרְבוֹתֶ֖יהָa ruinconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3fs · חָרְבָּה (H2723)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרְבָּה (H2723) 'a ruin'.
אֲקוֹמֵֽםand he arosePolel impf 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
27

הָאֹמֵ֥ר לַצּוּלָ֖ה חֳרָ֑בִי וְנַהֲרֹתַ֖יִךְ אוֹבִֽישׁ

That says to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up your rivers:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
הָאֹמֵ֥רwho saidart + Qal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'who said'.
לַצּוּלָ֖הtoprep + art + N com f sg abs · צוּלָה (H6683)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּלָה (H6683) 'to'.
חֳרָ֑בִיhad dried upQal impv 2fs · חָרַב (H2717)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָרַב (H2717) 'had dried up'.
וְנַהֲרֹתַ֖יִךְthe riverconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2fs · נָהָר (H5104)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river'.
אוֹבִֽישׁwas dryHiphil impf 1cs · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
28

הָאֹמֵ֤ר לְכ֨וֹרֶשׁ֙ רֹעִ֔י וְכָל חֶפְצִ֖י יַשְׁלִ֑ם וְלֵאמֹ֤ר לִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ תִּבָּנֶ֔ה וְהֵיכָ֖ל תִּוָּסֵֽד

That says of Cyrus, my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, You shall be built; and to the temple, Your foundation shall be laid.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who said'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הָאֹמֵ֤רwho saidart + Qal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'who said'.
לְכ֨וֹרֶשׁ֙toprep + N proper · כּוֹרֶשׁ (H3566)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוֹרֶשׁ (H3566) 'to'.
רֹעִ֔יherdsmen ofQal ptc ms + sfx 1cs · רָעָה (H7473)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7473) 'herdsmen of'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
חֶפְצִ֖יacceptableN c · חֵפֶץ (H2656)Construct chain (genitival)חֵפֶץ (H2656) 'acceptable'.
יַשְׁלִ֑םhe shall payHiphil impf 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
וְלֵאמֹ֤רand he saidconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
לִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙Jerusalemprep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
תִּבָּנֶ֔הyou buildN · בָּנָה (H1129)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּנָה (H1129) 'you build'.
וְהֵיכָ֖לpalaceconj וְ + N com m sg abs · הֵיכָל (H1964)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵיכָל (H1964) 'palace'.
תִּוָּסֵֽדit was foundedN · יָסַד (H3245)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָסַד (H3245) 'it was founded'.