Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Genesis, Chapter 41בראשית 41

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Joseph's prison-obscurity gives way here to public revelation, royal recognition, administrative wisdom, and world-shaping provision. Pharaoh's doubled dreams expose Egypt's future as inaccessible to its own sages, and Joseph's rise begins not with self-assertion but with the claim that God alone gives the answer of peace. This movement therefore binds revelation and policy together: the God who discloses the coming years of plenty and famine also gives the wisdom by which those years are to be governed. Joseph is lifted from the pit to the court, from shaved prisoner to ring-bearing ruler, yet the elevation is never portrayed as luck or court intrigue alone. It is interpretive faithfulness made socially consequential. By the end, abundance has been gathered, the famine has begun, Joseph has named sons out of remembered affliction and fruitfulness, and Egypt has become the storehouse to which the nations must come. The whole movement turns hidden suffering into public vocation under divine providence.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Hidden faithfulness now breaks into public authority, as Pharaoh's dreams, Joseph's God-given interpretation, and the ordering of Egypt bind revelation to governance. Verse 1's 'at the end of two full years' marks a deliberate pause after the cupbearer's forgetting, and the doubled dream sequence in verses 1-7 should be read not as redundancy but as escalating insistence. Pharaoh's troubled spirit in verse 8 and the failure of the magicians and wise men establish the incapacity of Egyptian expertise before the disclosed future. In verse 14 Joseph is brought quickly from the pit, shaved, and changed; the movement from dungeon to court is materially abrupt and socially charged. Verse 15 reports Pharaoh's hearsay about Joseph's ability, but verse 16 immediately corrects the premise: בִּלְעָדָי denies autonomous power, and Joseph attributes the answer of peace to God. Verse 25's declaration that 'Pharaoh's dream is one' is interpretively crucial, because the doubled imagery of cattle and grain is treated as a single revelation. Verses 29-31 should preserve the severity of the famine by noting that the abundance will not be known in the land because of the famine that follows. Verse 32 explicitly explains the repetition of the dream: the matter is fixed by God and God is hastening to do it. The narrative therefore interprets recurrence itself as theological emphasis. Verses 33-36 are equally important because Joseph does not stop at explanation; he turns revelation into administrative counsel, linking discernment to economic storage and national survival. In verse 38 Pharaoh's recognition of 'the spirit of God' in Joseph is a major line whose wording should be preserved without over-smoothing its theological force inside an Egyptian mouth. Verse 40's distinction between Joseph's authority and Pharaoh's throne, and verse 44's 'without you no man shall lift hand or foot,' together define Joseph's delegated sovereignty. Verse 45 contains several notable features: the Egyptian name צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ is notoriously difficult, Asenath and Potiphera place Joseph inside Egyptian elite structures, and On/Heliopolis anchors the scene geographically and cultically. Verses 50-52 are not incidental family notices; the names Manasseh and Ephraim interpret Joseph's suffering and fruitfulness before God, and both must preserve their explanatory wordplay. Finally, verses 53-57 widen the narrative from Egypt to the world: famine arrives exactly as foretold, Joseph opens the stores, and all the earth begins coming to Egypt to Joseph. The rise of Joseph is therefore not merely personal vindication, but providential preparation for the preservation of many lives. Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ שְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֑ים וּפַרְעֹ֣ה חֹלֵ֔ם וְהִנֵּ֖ה עֹמֵ֥ד עַל הַיְאֹֽר

And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh was dreaming, and behold, he was standing by the Nile.

Time lapse and new crisisAnd it came to pass
Two full years of delay have passed since the cupbearer forgot Joseph. The narrative now shifts from prison waiting to royal disturbance by the Nile.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיְהִ֕יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) to be, become, happen
מִקֵּ֖ץat the end ofprep מִן + N m sg constr · קֵץ (H7093)Temporal prep phraseקֵץ (H7093) end, extremity, boundary
שְׁנָתַ֣יִםtwo yearsN f dual abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) year; dual = two years
יָמִ֑יםof daysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Epexegetical appositionיוֹם (H3117) day; 'years of days' = full years
וּפַרְעֹ֣הand Pharaohconj וְ + proper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subject (disjunctive waw)פַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, Egyptian king title
חֹלֵ֔םwas dreamingQal ptc m sg abs · חָלַם (H2492)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingחָלַם (H2492) to dream
וְהִנֵּ֖הand beholdconj וְ + interj · הִנֵּה (H2009)Deictic interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
עֹמֵ֥דstandingQal ptc m sg abs · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָמַד (H5975) to stand, take a stand
עַלbyprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prep phraseעַל (H5921) on, upon, beside
הַיְאֹֽרthe Nileart + proper noun · יְאֹר (H2975)Object of prepositionיְאֹר (H2975) Nile, river (Egyptian loanword)
2

וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִן הַיְאֹ֗ר עֹלֹת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פָּר֔וֹת יְפ֥וֹת מַרְאֶ֖ה וּבְרִיאֹ֣ת בָּשָׂ֑ר וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָה בָּאָֽחוּ

And behold, from the Nile there came up seven cows, beautiful in appearance and fat in flesh, and they grazed in the reed grass.

First dream imageAnd behold
The dream begins in abundance: fertile Nile imagery, healthy cattle, and calm grazing all signal prosperity before the reversal appears.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהִנֵּ֣הand beholdconj וְ + interj · הִנֵּה (H2009)Deictic interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Source prep phraseמִן (H4480) from, out of
הַיְאֹ֗רthe Nileart + proper noun · יְאֹר (H2975)Object of prepositionיְאֹר (H2975) Nile, river
עֹלֹת֙coming upQal ptc f pl abs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenN f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (attributive)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
פָּר֔וֹתcowsN f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510) cow, heifer
יְפ֥וֹתbeautiful ofadj f pl constr · יָפֶה (H3303)Attributive adjectiveיָפֶה (H3303) beautiful, fair
מַרְאֶ֖הappearanceN m sg abs · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Genitive of specificationמַרְאֶה (H4758) appearance, sight
וּבְרִיאֹ֣תand fat ofconj וְ + adj f pl constr · בָּרִיא (H1277)Attributive adjectiveבָּרִיא (H1277) fat, plump, healthy
בָּשָׂ֑רfleshN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Genitive of specificationבָּשָׂר (H1320) flesh, meat
וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָהand they grazedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · רָעָה (H7462)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעָה (H7462) to graze, feed, pasture
בָּאָֽחוּin the reed grassprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · אָחוּ (H260)Locative prep phraseאָחוּ (H260) reed grass, marsh meadow
3

וְהִנֵּ֞ה שֶׁ֧בַע פָּר֣וֹת אֲחֵר֗וֹת עֹל֤וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶן֙ מִן הַיְאֹ֔ר רָע֥וֹת מַרְאֶ֖ה וְדַקּ֣וֹת בָּשָׂ֑ר וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֛דְנָה אֵ֥צֶל הַפָּר֖וֹת עַל שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר

And behold, seven other cows came up after them from the Nile, bad in appearance and thin in flesh, and they stood beside the cows on the bank of the Nile.

Contrast introducedAnd behold
The second set of cows intrudes upon the first with visible deterioration, placing menace directly beside abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְהִנֵּ֞הand beholdconj וְ + interj · הִנֵּה (H2009)Deictic interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
שֶׁ֧בַעsevenN f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (attributive)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
פָּר֣וֹתcowsN f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510) cow, heifer
אֲחֵר֗וֹתotheradj f pl abs · אַחֵר (H312)Attributive adjectiveאַחֵר (H312) other, another
עֹל֤וֹתcoming upQal ptc f pl abs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
אַחֲרֵיהֶן֙after themprep + 3fp suffix · אַחַר (H310)Locative prep phraseאַחַר (H310) after, behind
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Source prep phraseמִן (H4480) from, out of
הַיְאֹ֔רthe Nileart + proper noun · יְאֹר (H2975)Object of prepositionיְאֹר (H2975) Nile, river
רָע֥וֹתbad ofadj f pl constr · רַע (H7451)Attributive adjectiveרַע (H7451) bad, evil, ugly
מַרְאֶ֖הappearanceN m sg abs · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Genitive of specificationמַרְאֶה (H4758) appearance, sight
וְדַקּ֣וֹתand thin ofconj וְ + adj f pl constr · דַּק (H1851)Attributive adjectiveדַּק (H1851) thin, lean, fine
בָּשָׂ֑רfleshN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Genitive of specificationבָּשָׂר (H1320) flesh, meat
וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֛דְנָהand they stoodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · עָמַד (H5975)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) to stand, take a stand
אֵ֥צֶלbesideprep · אֵצֶל (H681)Locative prep phraseאֵצֶל (H681) beside, near, by
הַפָּר֖וֹתthe cowsart + N f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Object of prepositionפָּרָה (H6510) cow, heifer
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prep phraseעַל (H5921) on, upon, beside
שְׂפַ֥תbank ofN f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (gen)שָׂפָה (H8193) lip, edge, bank, shore
הַיְאֹֽרthe Nileart + proper noun · יְאֹר (H2975)Genitive (construct chain)יְאֹר (H2975) Nile, river
4

וַתֹּאכַ֣לְנָה הַפָּר֗וֹת רָע֤וֹת הַמַּרְאֶה֙ וְדַקֹּ֣ת הַבָּשָׂ֔ר אֵ֚ת שֶׁ֣בַע הַפָּר֔וֹת יְפֹ֥ת הַמַּרְאֶ֖ה וְהַבְּרִיאֹ֑ת וַיִּיקַ֖ץ פַּרְעֹֽה

And the cows bad in appearance and thin in flesh devoured the seven cows beautiful in appearance and fat. And Pharaoh awoke.

Shock within dreamAnd
The devouring is unnatural and disproportionate, turning the dream from strange fertility imagery into a nightmare of consumption and loss.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַתֹּאכַ֣לְנָהand they devouredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · אָכַל (H398)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) to eat, devour, consume
הַפָּר֗וֹתthe cowsart + N f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510) cow, heifer
רָע֤וֹתbad ofadj f pl constr · רַע (H7451)Attributive adjectiveרַע (H7451) bad, evil, ugly
הַמַּרְאֶה֙the appearanceart + N m sg abs · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Genitive of specificationמַרְאֶה (H4758) appearance, sight
וְדַקֹּ֣תand thin ofconj וְ + adj f pl constr · דַּק (H1851)Attributive adjectiveדַּק (H1851) thin, lean, fine
הַבָּשָׂ֔רthe fleshart + N m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Genitive of specificationבָּשָׂר (H1320) flesh, meat
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenN f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (direct object)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
הַפָּר֔וֹתthe cowsart + N f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Direct objectפָּרָה (H6510) cow, heifer
יְפֹ֥תbeautiful ofadj f pl constr · יָפֶה (H3303)Attributive adjectiveיָפֶה (H3303) beautiful, fair
הַמַּרְאֶ֖הthe appearanceart + N m sg abs · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Genitive of specificationמַרְאֶה (H4758) appearance, sight
וְהַבְּרִיאֹ֑תand the fat onesconj וְ + art + adj f pl abs · בָּרִיא (H1277)Attributive adjectiveבָּרִיא (H1277) fat, plump, healthy
וַיִּיקַ֖ץand he awokeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָקַץ (H3364)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָקַץ (H3364) to awake, wake up
פַּרְעֹֽהPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, Egyptian king title
5

וַיִּישָׁ֕ן וַֽיַּחֲלֹ֖ם שֵׁנִ֑ית וְהִנֵּ֣ה שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֗ים עֹל֛וֹת בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד בְּרִיא֥וֹת וְטֹבֽוֹת

And he slept and dreamed a second time; and behold, seven ears of grain came up on one stalk, healthy and good.

Second dream beginsAnd
The second dream restates the same pattern through agricultural rather than animal imagery, signaling that the doubled vision is interpretively linked.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּישָׁ֕ןand he sleptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָשֵׁן (H3462)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשֵׁן (H3462) to sleep, fall asleep
וַֽיַּחֲלֹ֖םand he dreamedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָלַם (H2492)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַם (H2492) to dream
שֵׁנִ֑יתa second timeordinal f sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Adverbial accusativeשֵׁנִי (H8145) second; here adverbial 'again'
וְהִנֵּ֣הand beholdconj וְ + interj · הִנֵּה (H2009)Deictic interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenN f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (attributive)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שִׁבֳּלִ֗יםears of grainN f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear/head of grain
עֹל֛וֹתcoming upQal ptc f pl abs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָלָה (H5927) to go up, sprout up
בְּקָנֶ֥הon a stalkprep בְּ + N m sg abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Locative prep phraseקָנֶה (H7070) stalk, reed, cane
אֶחָ֖דoneN m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjectiveאֶחָד (H259) one, single
בְּרִיא֥וֹתhealthyadj f pl abs · בָּרִיא (H1277)Attributive adjectiveבָּרִיא (H1277) fat, plump, healthy
וְטֹבֽוֹתand goodconj וְ + adj f pl abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjectiveטוֹב (H2896) good, pleasant, fine
6

וְהִנֵּה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים דַּקּ֖וֹת וּשְׁדוּפֹ֣ת קָדִ֑ים צֹמְח֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶֽן

And behold, seven ears, thin and scorched by the east wind, were sprouting up after them.

Second contrastAnd behold
The east-wind-blasted ears introduce the same threatening counter-image, now through crop failure rather than cattle.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְהִנֵּה֙and beholdconj וְ + interj · הִנֵּה (H2009)Deictic interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenN f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (attributive)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שִׁבֳּלִ֔יםears of grainN f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear/head of grain
דַּקּ֖וֹתthinadj f pl abs · דַּק (H1851)Attributive adjectiveדַּק (H1851) thin, lean, fine
וּשְׁדוּפֹ֣תand scorched ofconj וְ + Qal passive ptc f pl constr · שָׁדַף (H7710)Attributive participle→ Passive ptc: resultant stateשָׁדַף (H7710) to scorch, blast, blight
קָדִ֑יםthe east windN m sg abs · קָדִים (H6921)Genitive of agentקָדִים (H6921) east wind, scorching wind
צֹמְח֖וֹתsproutingQal ptc f pl abs · צָמַח (H6779)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingצָמַח (H6779) to sprout, spring up, grow
אַחֲרֵיהֶֽןafter themprep + 3fp suffix · אַחַר (H310)Locative prep phraseאַחַר (H310) after, behind
7

וַתִּבְלַ֨עְנָה֙ הַשִּׁבֳּלִ֣ים הַדַּקּ֔וֹת אֵ֚ת שֶׁ֣בַע הַֽשִּׁבֳּלִ֔ים הַבְּרִיא֖וֹת וְהַמְּלֵא֑וֹת וַיִּיקַ֥ץ פַּרְעֹ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה חֲלֽוֹם

And the thin ears swallowed up the seven healthy and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream.

Shock repeatedAnd
The second swallowing confirms that the first dream was not isolated. Pharaoh wakes into recognition that the dream carries concentrated force and meaning.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַתִּבְלַ֨עְנָה֙and they swallowedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · בָּלַע (H1104)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּלַע (H1104) to swallow, engulf, devour
הַשִּׁבֳּלִ֣יםthe earsart + N f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear/head of grain
הַדַּקּ֔וֹתthe thinart + adj f pl abs · דַּק (H1851)Attributive adjectiveדַּק (H1851) thin, lean, fine
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenN f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (direct object)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
הַֽשִּׁבֳּלִ֔יםthe earsart + N f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Direct objectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear/head of grain
הַבְּרִיא֖וֹתthe healthyart + adj f pl abs · בָּרִיא (H1277)Attributive adjectiveבָּרִיא (H1277) fat, plump, healthy
וְהַמְּלֵא֑וֹתand the fullconj וְ + art + adj f pl abs · מָלֵא (H4392)Attributive adjectiveמָלֵא (H4392) full, filled
וַיִּיקַ֥ץand he awokeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָקַץ (H3364)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָקַץ (H3364) to awake, wake up
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, Egyptian king title
וְהִנֵּ֥הand beholdconj וְ + interj · הִנֵּה (H2009)Deictic interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
חֲלֽוֹםa dreamN m sg abs · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Predicate nominativeחֲלוֹם (H2472) dream
8

וַיְהִ֤י בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ וַתִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּח֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקְרָ֛א אֶת כָּל חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת כָּל חֲכָמֶ֑יהָ וַיְסַפֵּ֨ר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לָהֶם֙ אֶת חֲלֹמ֔וֹ וְאֵין פּוֹתֵ֥ר אוֹתָ֖ם לְפַרְעֹֽה

And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called all the magicians of Egypt and all its wise men. And Pharaoh recounted to them his dream, but there was no one interpreting them for Pharaoh.

Failure of Egyptian wisdomAnd it came to pass
Pharaoh's disturbed spirit drives a full appeal to Egypt's wisdom class, but the dream remains opaque within the native structures of court knowledge.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיְהִ֤יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) to be, become, happen
בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙in the morningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Temporal prep phraseבֹּקֶר (H1242) morning, daybreak
וַתִּפָּ֣עֶםwas troubledconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · פָּעַם (H6470)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Niphal: passive—was agitatedפָּעַם (H6470) to be troubled, disturbed, agitated
רוּח֔וֹhis spiritN c sg constr + 3ms suffix · רוּחַ (H7307)Subjectרוּחַ (H7307) spirit, breath, wind
וַיִּשְׁלַ֗חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) to send, stretch out
וַיִּקְרָ֛אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) to call, summon, proclaim
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
חַרְטֻמֵּ֥יmagicians ofN m pl constr · חַרְטֹם (H2748)Construct chain (gen)חַרְטֹם (H2748) magician, diviner, sacred scribe
מִצְרַ֖יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive (construct chain)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
חֲכָמֶ֑יהָits wise menadj m pl constr + 3fs suffix · חָכָם (H2450)Construct chain (gen)חָכָם (H2450) wise man, skilled, sage
וַיְסַפֵּ֨רand he recountedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · סָפַר (H5608)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Piel wayyiqtol: narrative advanceסָפַר (H5608) Piel: to recount, declare, tell
פַּרְעֹ֤הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, Egyptian king title
לָהֶם֙to themprep לְ + 3mp suffix · לְIndirect object (prep phrase)לְ to, for; with 3mp suffix
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
חֲלֹמ֔וֹhis dreamN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Direct objectחֲלוֹם (H2472) dream
וְאֵיןbut there was noneconj וְ + particle of negation · אַיִן (H369)Negative existentialאַיִן (H369) there is not, nonexistence
פּוֹתֵ֥רinterpretingQal ptc m sg abs · פָּתַר (H6622)Substantival participle→ Qal ptc: substantival agentפָּתַר (H6622) to interpret (a dream)
אוֹתָ֖םthemobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object
לְפַרְעֹֽהfor Pharaohprep לְ + proper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Indirect object (prep phrase)פַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, Egyptian king title
9

וַיְדַבֵּר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַמַּשְׁקִ֔ים אֶת פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אֶת חֲטָאַ֕י אֲנִ֖י מַזְכִּ֥יר הַיּֽוֹם

Then the chief of the cupbearers spoke with Pharaoh, saying, 'I am remembering my sins today.'

Recovered memoryThen
The forgotten prison episode suddenly returns, and the cupbearer's recollection becomes the providential bridge Joseph needed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיְדַבֵּר֙and he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Piel wayyiqtol: narrative advanceדָּבַר (H1696) Piel: to speak, declare
שַׂ֣רchief ofN m sg constr · שַׂר (H8269)Subject (construct chain)שַׂר (H8269) chief, prince, official
הַמַּשְׁקִ֔יםthe cupbearersart + N m pl abs · מַשְׁקֶה (H4945)Genitive (construct chain)מַשְׁקֶה (H4945) cupbearer, butler
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (with)אֵת (H854) with, beside (preposition)
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of prepositionפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, Egyptian king title
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive introducing speech→ Infinitive construct: complementaryאָמַר (H559) to say; לֵאמֹר introduces direct speech
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
חֲטָאַ֕יmy sinsN m pl constr + 1cs suffix · חֵטְא (H2399)Direct objectחֵטְא (H2399) sin, offense, fault
אֲנִ֖יIpronoun 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (pronoun)אֲנִי (H589) I (independent personal pronoun)
מַזְכִּ֥ירam mentioningHiphil ptc m sg abs · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate participle→ Hiphil ptc: durative—calling to mindזָכַר (H2142) Hiphil: to mention, bring to remembrance
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative (time)יוֹם (H3117) day; הַיּוֹם = today
10

פַּרְעֹ֖ה קָצַ֣ף עַל עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹתִ֜י בְּמִשְׁמַ֗ר בֵּ֚ית שַׂ֣ר הַטַּבָּחִ֔ים אֹתִ֕י וְאֵ֖ת שַׂ֥ר הָאֹפִֽים

Pharaoh was angry with his servants and put me in custody in the house of the chief of the slaughterers, me and the chief of the bakers.

ExplanationPharaoh
The cupbearer retells the imprisonment scene as the necessary prelude to Joseph's interpretive vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547), title of Egypt's king.
קָצַ֣ףwas angryQal perf 3ms · קָצַף (H7107)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actקָצַף (H7107), to be wroth/furious.
עַלwithprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921), upon, against, concerning.
עֲבָדָ֑יוhis servantsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · עֶבֶד (H5650)Object of prepositionעֶבֶד (H5650), servant, slave, official.
וַיִּתֵּ֨ןand he putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414), give, set, place.
אֹתִ֜יme [obj]obj marker + 1cs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
בְּמִשְׁמַ֗רin custodyprep + N m sg constr · מִשְׁמָר (H4929)Locative prep phraseמִשְׁמָר (H4929), guard, ward, prison.
בֵּ֚יתhouse ofN m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (gen)בַּיִת (H1004), house, household.
שַׂ֣רchief ofN m sg constr · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (gen)שַׂר (H8269), chief, captain, official.
הַטַּבָּחִ֔יםthe slaughterersart + N m pl abs · טַבָּח (H2876)Construct chain (gen)טַבָּח (H2876), guardsman, executioner, cook.
אֹתִ֕יme [obj]obj marker + 1cs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שַׂ֥רchief ofN m sg constr · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (gen)שַׂר (H8269), chief, captain, official.
הָאֹפִֽיםthe bakersart + Qal ptc m pl abs · אָפָה (H644)Substantival participle→ Qal ptc: substantival agentאָפָה (H644), to bake; ptc = baker.
11

וַנַּֽחַלְמָ֥ה חֲל֛וֹם בְּלַ֥יְלָה אֶחָ֖ד אֲנִ֣י וָה֑וּא אִ֛ישׁ כְּפִתְר֥וֹן חֲלֹמ֖וֹ חָלָֽמְנוּ

And we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; each man according to the interpretation of his dream we dreamed.

Dream reminderAnd
The paired-dream structure from chapter 40 is summarized in terms that emphasize that each dream came with its own proper interpretation.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַנַּֽחַלְמָ֥הand we dreamedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cp · חָלַם (H2492)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַם (H2492) dream; here with paragogic he.
חֲל֛וֹםa dreamN m sg abs · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Direct objectחֲלוֹם (H2472), dream; cognate accusative here.
בְּלַ֥יְלָהin a nightprep + N m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Temporal prep phraseלַיְלָה (H3915), night.
אֶחָ֖דonenumeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjectiveאֶחָד (H259), one, single, same.
אֲנִ֣יIpronoun 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (apposition)אֲנִי (H589), first person pronoun.
וָה֑וּאand heconj וְ + pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject (apposition)הוּא (H1931), third person pronoun.
אִ֛ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Adverbial accusativeאִישׁ (H376), man; distributive 'each one'.
כְּפִתְר֥וֹןaccording to interpretationprep + N m sg constr · פִּתְרוֹן (H6623)Comparative prep phraseפִּתְרוֹן (H6623), interpretation of a dream.
חֲלֹמ֖וֹhis dreamN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Construct chain (gen)חֲלוֹם (H2472), dream.
חָלָֽמְנוּwe dreamedQal perf 1cp · חָלַם (H2492)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actחָלַם (H2492), to dream.
12

וְשָׁ֨ם אִתָּ֜נוּ נַ֣עַר עִבְרִ֗י עֶ֚בֶד לְשַׂ֣ר הַטַּבָּחִ֔ים וַנְּ֨סַפֶּר ל֔וֹ וַיִּפְתָּר לָ֖נוּ אֶת חֲלֹמֹתֵ֑ינוּ אִ֥ישׁ כַּחֲלֹמ֖וֹ פָּתָֽר

And there with us was a Hebrew youth, a servant to the chief of the slaughterers; and we recounted to him, and he interpreted our dreams for us, each man according to his dream he interpreted.

Joseph introduced to PharaohAnd
Joseph is introduced through humble labels, yet his interpretive precision is the point the cupbearer now presses.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְשָׁ֨םand thereconj וְ + adverb · שָׁם (H8033)Adverb of placeשָׁם (H8033), there, in that place.
אִתָּ֜נוּwith usprep + 1cp suffix · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת (H854), with, together with.
נַ֣עַרa youthN m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Subjectנַעַר (H5288), young man, lad, servant.
עִבְרִ֗יHebrewgentilic adj m sg abs · עִבְרִי (H5680)Attributive adjectiveעִבְרִי (H5680), Hebrew (ethnic designation).
עֶ֚בֶדa servantN m sg abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Appositionעֶבֶד (H5650), servant, slave.
לְשַׂ֣רto chief ofprep + N m sg constr · שַׂר (H8269)Prepositional phraseשַׂר (H8269), chief, captain, official.
הַטַּבָּחִ֔יםthe slaughterersart + N m pl abs · טַבָּח (H2876)Construct chain (gen)טַבָּח (H2876), guardsman, executioner.
וַנְּ֨סַפֶּרand we recountedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 1cp · סָפַר (H5608)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָפַר (H5608) Piel, to recount, tell.
ל֔וֹto himprep + 3ms suffix · לְPrepositional phraseלְ, to, for (indirect object).
וַיִּפְתָּרand he interpretedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּתַר (H6622)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּתַר (H6622), to interpret (a dream).
לָ֖נוּfor usprep + 1cp suffix · לְPrepositional phraseלְ, to, for.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
חֲלֹמֹתֵ֑ינוּour dreamsN m pl constr + 1cp suffix · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Direct objectחֲלוֹם (H2472), dream.
אִ֥ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Adverbial accusativeאִישׁ (H376), man; distributive 'each'.
כַּחֲלֹמ֖וֹaccording to his dreamprep + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Comparative prep phraseחֲלוֹם (H2472), dream.
פָּתָֽרhe interpretedQal perf 3ms · פָּתַר (H6622)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actפָּתַר (H6622), to interpret.
13

וַיְהִ֛י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּֽתַר לָ֖נוּ כֵּ֣ן הָיָ֑ה אֹתִ֛י הֵשִׁ֥יב עַל כַּנִּ֖י וְאֹת֥וֹ תָלָֽה

And it came to pass, just as he interpreted for us, so it was: me he restored to my office, but him he hanged.'

Vindication of prior interpretationAnd it came to pass
Joseph's credibility rests on exact fulfillment. The cupbearer and baker outcomes proved his words true without remainder.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיְהִ֛יand it came to passconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961), to be, become, happen.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רjust asprep + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834) with כְּ, 'just as, according as'.
פָּֽתַרhe interpretedQal perf 3ms · פָּתַר (H6622)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed actפָּתַר (H6622), to interpret.
לָ֖נוּfor usprep + 1cp suffix · לְPrepositional phraseלְ, to, for.
כֵּ֣ןsoadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb of mannerכֵּן (H3651), thus, so, in this way.
הָיָ֑הit wasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actהָיָה (H1961), to be, happen, come about.
אֹתִ֛יme [obj]obj marker + 1cs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted)
הֵשִׁ֥יבhe restoredHiphil perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actשׁוּב (H7725) Hiphil, to bring back, restore.
עַלtoprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921), upon, to, concerning.
כַּנִּ֖יmy officeN m sg constr + 1cs suffix · כֵּן (H3653)Object of prepositionכֵּן (H3653), base, post, office.
וְאֹת֥וֹbut him [obj]conj וְ + obj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted)
תָלָֽהhe hangedQal perf 3ms · תָּלָה (H8518)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actתָּלָה (H8518), to hang, suspend.
14

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח פַּרְעֹה֙ וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֶת יוֹסֵ֔ף וַיְרִיצֻ֖הוּ מִן הַבּ֑וֹר וַיְגַלַּח֙ וַיְחַלֵּ֣ף שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל פַּרְעֹֽה

And Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they hurried him out of the pit; and he shaved and changed his garments and came to Pharaoh.

Joseph brought to courtAnd
The rush from pit to palace is abrupt and ceremonial: Joseph is physically prepared to cross from confinement into royal presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971), to send, send for.
פַּרְעֹה֙Pharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547), title of Egypt's king.
וַיִּקְרָ֣אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121), to call, summon.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יוֹסֵ֔ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Direct objectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
וַיְרִיצֻ֖הוּand they hurried himconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · רוּץ (H7323) + 3ms obj suffixWayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּץ (H7323) Hiphil, make run, rush out.
מִןout ofprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480), from, out of.
הַבּ֑וֹרthe pitart + N m sg abs · בּוֹר (H953)Object of prepositionבּוֹר (H953), pit, cistern, dungeon.
וַיְגַלַּח֙and he shavedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · גָּלַח (H1548)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּלַח (H1548) Piel, to shave.
וַיְחַלֵּ֣ףand he changedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · חָלַף (H2498)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַף (H2498) Piel, to change, exchange.
שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יוhis garmentsN f pl constr + 3ms suffix · שִׂמְלָה (H8071)Direct objectשִׂמְלָה (H8071), garment, cloak, mantle.
וַיָּבֹ֖אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935), to come, go in, enter.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413), to, unto, toward.
פַּרְעֹֽהPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of prepositionפַּרְעֹה (H6547), title of Egypt's king.
15

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶל יוֹסֵ֔ף חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֔מְתִּי וּפֹתֵ֖ר אֵ֣ין אֹת֑וֹ וַאֲנִ֗י שָׁמַ֤עְתִּי עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תִּשְׁמַ֥ע חֲל֖וֹם לִפְתֹּ֥ר אֹתֽוֹ

And Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'I have dreamed a dream, and there is no interpreter for it; but I have heard it said about you that you hear a dream in order to interpret it.'

Royal demandAnd
Pharaoh states both his need and Joseph's reputation, creating the moment in which Joseph might claim credit but does not.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559), to say, speak.
פַּרְעֹה֙Pharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547), title of Egypt's king.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413), to, unto, toward.
יוֹסֵ֔ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Object of prepositionיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
חֲל֣וֹםa dreamN m sg abs · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Direct objectחֲלוֹם (H2472), dream; cognate accusative here.
חָלַ֔מְתִּיI have dreamedQal perf 1cs · חָלַם (H2492)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actחָלַם (H2492), to dream.
וּפֹתֵ֖רand an interpreterconj וְ + Qal ptc m sg abs · פָּתַר (H6622)Substantival participle (subject)→ Qal ptc: substantival agentפָּתַר (H6622) ptc, one interpreting, interpreter.
אֵ֣יןthere is noneparticle of nonexistence · אַיִן (H369)Negative existentialאַיִן (H369), there is not, nonexistence.
אֹת֑וֹfor it [obj]obj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
וַאֲנִ֗יand Iconj וְ + pronoun 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subjectאֲנִי (H589), first person pronoun.
שָׁמַ֤עְתִּיI have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actשָׁמַע (H8085), to hear, listen, report.
עָלֶ֨יךָ֙about youprep + 2ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921), upon, about, concerning.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement→ Infinitive: complementaryאָמַר (H559), to say; idiom introducing speech.
תִּשְׁמַ֥עyou hearQal impf 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (object clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalשָׁמַע (H8085) here = understand, perceive.
חֲל֖וֹםa dreamN m sg abs · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Direct objectחֲלוֹם (H2472), dream.
לִפְתֹּ֥רto interpretprep + Qal inf constr · פָּתַר (H6622)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive: purposeפָּתַר (H6622), to interpret a dream.
אֹתֽוֹit [obj]obj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
16

וַיַּ֨עַן יוֹסֵ֧ף אֶת פַּרְעֹ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר בִּלְעָדָ֑י אֱלֹהִ֕ים יַעֲנֶ֖ה אֶת שְׁל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹֽה

And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, 'It is not in me; God will answer the peace of Pharaoh.'

God-centered responseAnd
Joseph's first move is renunciation of self-sufficiency. The answer belongs to God, and Joseph places the whole encounter under that theological claim.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיַּ֨עַןand he answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030), to answer, respond.
יוֹסֵ֧ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
פַּרְעֹ֛הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Direct objectפַּרְעֹה (H6547), title of Egypt's king.
לֵאמֹ֖רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement→ Infinitive: complementaryאָמַר (H559), to say; idiom introducing speech.
בִּלְעָדָ֑יnot in meprep + 1cs suffix · בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107)Predicate (negation)בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107), apart from; 'not in my power'.
אֱלֹהִ֕יםGodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subjectאֱלֹהִים (H430), God (plural form, sg sense).
יַעֲנֶ֖הwill answerQal impf 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalעָנָה (H6030), to answer; here grant well-being.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שְׁל֥וֹםwelfare ofN m sg constr · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Direct object (construct)שָׁלוֹם (H7965), peace, welfare, well-being.
פַּרְעֹֽהPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Construct chain (gen)פַּרְעֹה (H6547), title of Egypt's king.
17

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף בַּחֲלֹמִ֕י הִנְנִ֥י עֹמֵ֖ד עַל שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph: 'In my dream, behold, I was standing on the bank of the Nile,'

Dream retoldAnd
Pharaoh retells the dream in Joseph's hearing, and the repetition makes the interpretive process public and deliberate.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּבַר (H1696) Piel, to speak, talk.
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547), title of Egypt's king.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413), to, unto, toward.
יוֹסֵ֑ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Object of prepositionיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
בַּחֲלֹמִ֕יin my dreamprep + N m sg constr + 1cs suffix · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Locative prep phraseחֲלוֹם (H2472), dream.
הִנְנִ֥יbehold Iinterjection + 1cs suffix · הֵן (H2005)Presentative (behold)הֵן (H2005), behold, lo; here 'here I am'.
עֹמֵ֖דstandingQal ptc m sg abs · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָמַד (H5975), to stand, take one's stand.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921), upon, on, beside.
שְׂפַ֥תbank ofN f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (gen)שָׂפָה (H8193), lip, edge, bank.
הַיְאֹֽרthe Nileart + proper noun · יְאֹר (H2975)Construct chain (gen)יְאֹר (H2975), the Nile, river.
18

וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִן הַיְאֹ֗ר עֹלֹת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע פָּר֔וֹת בְּרִיא֥וֹת בָּשָׂ֖ר וִיפֹ֣ת תֹּ֑אַר וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָה בָּאָֽחוּ

'and behold, from the Nile there came up seven cows, fat in flesh and beautiful in form, and they grazed in the reed grass.'

First image retoldAnd behold
The first set again embodies abundance, but now through Pharaoh's own narration rather than the narrator's framing.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהִנֵּ֣הand beholdconj וְ + interjection · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative (behold)הִנֵּה (H2009), behold, lo; marks vivid sight.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480), from, out of.
הַיְאֹ֗רthe Nileart + proper noun · יְאֹר (H2975)Object of prepositionיְאֹר (H2975), the Nile, river.
עֹלֹת֙coming upQal ptc f pl abs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָלָה (H5927), to go up, come up, ascend.
שֶׁ֣בַעsevennumeral f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (quantifier)שֶׁבַע (H7651), seven.
פָּר֔וֹתcowsN f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510), cow, heifer.
בְּרִיא֥וֹתfatadj f pl constr · בָּרִיא (H1277)Attributive adjectiveבָּרִיא (H1277), fat, plump, well-fed.
בָּשָׂ֖רin fleshN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Accusative of specificationבָּשָׂר (H1320), flesh, body, meat.
וִיפֹ֣תand beautifulconj וְ + adj f pl constr · יָפֶה (H3303)Attributive adjectiveיָפֶה (H3303), fair, beautiful, handsome.
תֹּ֑אַרin formN m sg abs · תֹּאַר (H8389)Accusative of specificationתֹּאַר (H8389), form, shape, appearance.
וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָהand they grazedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · רָעָה (H7462)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעָה (H7462), to graze, feed, pasture.
בָּאָֽחוּin the reed grassprep + art + N m sg abs · אָחוּ (H260)Locative prep phraseאָחוּ (H260), reed grass, marsh meadow.
19

וְהִנֵּ֞ה שֶֽׁבַע פָּר֤וֹת אֲחֵרוֹת֙ עֹל֣וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן דַּלּ֨וֹת וְרָע֥וֹת תֹּ֛אַר מְאֹ֖ד וְרַקּ֣וֹת בָּשָׂ֑ר לֹֽא רָאִ֧יתִי כָהֵ֛נָּה בְּכָל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לָרֹֽעַ

'And behold, seven other cows came up after them, poor and very bad in form and thin in flesh; I have not seen such as these in all the land of Egypt for badness.'

Intensified contrastAnd behold
Pharaoh's version heightens the grotesque quality of the lean cows, emphasizing their unprecedented ugliness and thereby the severity of what they signify.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְהִנֵּ֞הand beholdconj וְ + interjection · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) deictic 'behold'
שֶֽׁבַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
פָּר֤וֹתcowsN f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510) cow, heifer
אֲחֵרוֹת֙otheradj f pl abs · אַחֵר (H312)Attributive adjectiveאַחֵר (H312) another, other
עֹל֣וֹתcoming upQal ptc f pl abs · עָלָה (H5927)Attributive participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָלָה (H5927) go up, ascend
אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ןafter themprep + 3fp suffix · אַחַר (H310)Adverbial prep phraseאַחַר (H310) after, behind
דַּלּ֨וֹתpoor, thinadj f pl abs · דַּל (H1803)Predicate adjectiveדַּל (H1803) poor, thin, weak
וְרָע֥וֹתand bad ofconj וְ + adj f pl constr · רַע (H7451)Predicate adjectiveרַע (H7451) bad, evil
תֹּ֛אַרin formN m sg abs · תֹּאַר (H8389)Adverbial accusativeתֹּאַר (H8389) form, appearance
מְאֹ֖דveryadverb · מְאֹד (H3966)Adverbial modifierמְאֹד (H3966) very, exceedingly
וְרַקּ֣וֹתand thin ofconj וְ + adj f pl constr · רַק (H7534)Predicate adjectiveרַק (H7534) thin, lean
בָּשָׂ֑רfleshN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Adverbial accusativeבָּשָׂר (H1320) flesh, body
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808) not
רָאִ֧יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actרָאָה (H7200) see, perceive
כָהֵ֛נָּהlike theseprep + 3fp pronoun · הֵנָּה (H2007)Prepositional phraseהֵנָּה (H2007) they/these (f)
בְּכָלin allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605) all, whole
אֶ֥רֶץland ofN b sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth
מִצְרַ֖יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive (construct)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
לָרֹֽעַfor badnessprep + art + N m sg abs · רֹעַ (H7455)Prepositional phraseרֹעַ (H7455) badness, evil
20

וַתֹּאכַ֨לְנָה֙ הַפָּר֔וֹת הָרַקּ֖וֹת וְהָרָע֑וֹת אֵ֣ת שֶׁ֧בַע הַפָּר֛וֹת הָרִאשֹׁנ֖וֹת הַבְּרִיאֹֽת

'And the thin and bad cows devoured the first seven fat cows.'

Devouring restatedAnd
The unnatural act is repeated with compressed force, keeping the core nightmare element at the center of interpretation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַתֹּאכַ֨לְנָה֙and they ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · אָכַל (H398)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) eat, devour
הַפָּר֔וֹתthe cowsart + N f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510) cow
הָרַקּ֖וֹתthe thinart + adj f pl abs · רַק (H7534)Attributive adjectiveרַק (H7534) thin, lean
וְהָרָע֑וֹתand the badconj וְ + art + adj f pl abs · רַע (H7451)Attributive adjectiveרַע (H7451) bad, evil
אֵ֣ת[obj]object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שֶׁ֧בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeral
הַפָּר֛וֹתthe cowsart + N f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Direct object
הָרִאשֹׁנ֖וֹתthe firstart + adj f pl abs · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjectiveרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) first, former
הַבְּרִיאֹֽתthe fatart + adj f pl abs · בָּרִיא (H1277)Attributive adjectiveבָּרִיא (H1277) fat, plump
21

וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה אֶל קִרְבֶּ֗נָה וְלֹ֤א נוֹדַע֙ כִּי בָ֣אוּ אֶל קִרְבֶּ֔נָה וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֣ן רַ֔ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּתְּחִלָּ֑ה וָאִיקָֽץ

'And they went into their midst, but it was not known that they had gone into their midst, and their appearance was bad as at the beginning. And I awoke.'

Unchanged after consumptionAnd
The dream's terror lies not only in devouring but in non-transformation: consumption brings no improvement, only continued ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַתָּבֹ֣אנָהand they went inconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) come, go in
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) to, into
קִרְבֶּ֗נָהtheir midstN m sg constr + 3fp suffix · קֶרֶב (H7130)Object of prepositionקֶרֶב (H7130) inward part, midst
וְלֹ֤אbut notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808) not
נוֹדַע֙it was knownNiphal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actיָדַע (H3045) know; Niph. be known
כִּיthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Object clause conjunctionכִּי (H3588) that, because
בָ֣אוּthey had gone inQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (subord. clause)→ Perfective: completed actבּוֹא (H935) come, go in
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase
קִרְבֶּ֔נָהtheir midstN m sg constr + 3fp suffix · קֶרֶב (H7130)Object of preposition
וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֣ןand their appearanceconj וְ + N m sg constr + 3fp suffix · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Subjectמַרְאֶה (H4758) appearance, sight
רַ֔עbadadj m sg abs · רַע (H7451)Predicate adjectiveרַע (H7451) bad, evil
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep + relative · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative conjunctionכַּאֲשֶׁר as, just as
בַּתְּחִלָּ֑הat the beginningprep + art + N f sg abs · תְּחִלָּה (H8462)Temporal prep phraseתְּחִלָּה (H8462) beginning
וָאִיקָֽץand I awokeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · יָקַץ (H3364)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָקַץ (H3364) awake
22

וָאֵ֖רֶא בַּחֲלֹמִ֑י וְהִנֵּ֣ה שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֗ים עֹלֹ֛ת בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד מְלֵאֹ֥ת וְטֹבֽוֹת

'And I saw in my dream, and behold, seven ears were coming up on one stalk, full and good.'

Second image retoldAnd
The retelling now turns to the grain image, reinforcing the one-message/two-symbol structure.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וָאֵ֖רֶאand I sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) see
בַּחֲלֹמִ֑יin my dreamprep + N m sg constr + 1cs suffix · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Prepositional phraseחֲלוֹם (H2472) dream
וְהִנֵּ֣הand beholdconj וְ + interjection · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) deictic 'behold'
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שִׁבֳּלִ֗יםears of grainN f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear of grain
עֹלֹ֛תcoming upQal ptc f pl abs · עָלָה (H5927)Attributive participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָלָה (H5927) go up, sprout
בְּקָנֶ֥הon a stalkprep + N m sg abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Prepositional phraseקָנֶה (H7070) stalk, reed
אֶחָ֖דoneN m sg abs (cardinal one) · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive numeralאֶחָד (H259) one
מְלֵאֹ֥תfulladj f pl abs · מָלֵא (H4392)Attributive adjectiveמָלֵא (H4392) full
וְטֹבֽוֹתand goodconj וְ + adj f pl abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjectiveטוֹב (H2896) good
23

וְהִנֵּה֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שִׁבֳּלִ֔ים צְנֻמ֥וֹת דַּקּ֖וֹת שְׁדֻפ֣וֹת קָדִ֑ים צֹמְח֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם

'And behold, seven ears, withered, thin, scorched by the east wind, were sprouting after them.'

Second contrast retoldAnd behold
The east-wind imagery sharpens the sense of drought, waste, and agricultural collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְהִנֵּה֙and beholdconj וְ + interjection · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) deictic 'behold'
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שִׁבֳּלִ֔יםears of grainN f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear of grain
צְנֻמ֥וֹתwitheredQal passive ptc f pl abs · צָנַם (H6798)Attributive participle→ Passive ptc: resultant stateצָנַם (H6798) be hard, withered
דַּקּ֖וֹתthinadj f pl abs · דַּק (H1851)Attributive adjectiveדַּק (H1851) thin, small
שְׁדֻפ֣וֹתscorched byQal passive ptc f pl constr · שָׁדַף (H7710)Attributive participle→ Passive ptc: resultant stateשָׁדַף (H7710) scorch, blight
קָדִ֑יםeast windN m sg abs · קָדִים (H6921)Genitive (agent)קָדִים (H6921) east wind
צֹמְח֖וֹתsproutingQal ptc f pl abs · צָמַח (H6779)Attributive participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingצָמַח (H6779) sprout, spring up
אַחֲרֵיהֶֽםafter themprep + 3mp suffix · אַחַר (H310)Adverbial prep phraseאַחַר (H310) after, behind
24

וַתִּבְלַ֨עְןָ֙ הָשִׁבֳּלִ֣ים הַדַּקֹּ֔ת אֵ֛ת שֶׁ֥בַע הַֽשִׁבֳּלִ֖ים הַטֹּב֑וֹת וָֽאֹמַר֙ אֶל הַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין מַגִּ֖יד לִֽי

'And the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears. And I told it to the magicians, but there was no one declaring it to me.'

Failure reiteratedAnd
Pharaoh ends the retelling by underlining again the bankruptcy of Egyptian interpreters, leaving the floor clear for Joseph.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתִּבְלַ֨עְןָ֙and they swallowedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · בָּלַע (H1104)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּלַע (H1104) swallow up
הָשִׁבֳּלִ֣יםthe earsart + N f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear of grain
הַדַּקֹּ֔תthe thinart + adj f pl abs · דַּק (H1851)Attributive adjectiveדַּק (H1851) thin
אֵ֛ת[obj]object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שֶׁ֥בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeral
הַֽשִׁבֳּלִ֖יםthe earsart + N f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Direct object
הַטֹּב֑וֹתthe goodart + adj f pl abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjectiveטוֹב (H2896) good
וָֽאֹמַר֙and I toldconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) say, tell
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase
הַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֔יםthe magiciansart + N m pl abs · חַרְטֹם (H2748)Object of prepositionחַרְטֹם (H2748) magician, diviner
וְאֵ֥יןbut there was noconj וְ + particle of negation · אַיִן (H369)Negative existentialאַיִן (H369) nothing, there is not
מַגִּ֖ידone declaringHiphil ptc m sg abs · נָגַד (H5046)Substantival participle→ Hiphil ptc: durative/ongoingנָגַד (H5046) Hiph. tell, declare
לִֽיto meprep + 1cs suffix · לְPrepositional phraseלְ to, for
25

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ אֶל פַּרְעֹ֔ה חֲל֥וֹם פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶחָ֣ד ה֑וּא אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים עֹשֶׂ֖ה הִגִּ֥יד לְפַרְעֹֽה

And Joseph said to Pharaoh, 'Pharaoh's dream is one; what God is doing He has declared to Pharaoh.'

Interpretive thesisAnd
Joseph unifies the dreams immediately: there is one message, and it concerns what God is actively about to do.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) say
יוֹסֵף֙Josephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130) Joseph
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase
פַּרְעֹ֔הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of prepositionפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
חֲל֥וֹםdream ofN m sg constr · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Construct chain (gen)חֲלוֹם (H2472) dream
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Genitive (construct)
אֶחָ֣דoneN m sg abs (cardinal one) · אֶחָד (H259)Predicate adjectiveאֶחָד (H259) one
ה֑וּאit is3ms independent pronoun · הוּא (H1931)Subject (resumptive)הוּא (H1931) he, it
אֵ֣ת[obj]object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
אֲשֶׁ֧רwhatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834) which, that
הָאֱלֹהִ֛יםGodart + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subjectאֱלֹהִים (H430) God
עֹשֶׂ֖הis doingQal ptc m sg abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָשָׂה (H6213) do, make
הִגִּ֥ידhe has declaredHiphil perf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actנָגַד (H5046) Hiph. declare, tell
לְפַרְעֹֽהto Pharaohprep + proper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Prepositional phraseפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
26

שֶׁ֧בַע פָּרֹ֣ת הַטֹּבֹ֗ת שֶׁ֤בַע שָׁנִים֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְשֶׁ֤בַע הַֽשִּׁבֳּלִים֙ הַטֹּבֹ֔ת שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים הֵ֑נָּה חֲל֖וֹם אֶחָ֥ד הֽוּא

'The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven good ears are seven years; the dream is one.'

Symbol decodedThe
Joseph maps symbol to history with direct clarity, tying abundance imagery to a seven-year sequence.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
שֶׁ֧בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
פָּרֹ֣תcowsN f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510) cow
הַטֹּבֹ֗תthe goodart + adj f pl abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjectiveטוֹב (H2896) good
שֶׁ֤בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Predicate nominative
שָׁנִים֙yearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Predicate nominativeשָׁנָה (H8141) year
הֵ֔נָּהthey are3fp independent pronoun · הֵנָּה (H2007)Subject (resumptive)הֵנָּה (H2007) they (f)
וְשֶׁ֤בַעand sevenconj וְ + N f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
הַֽשִּׁבֳּלִים֙the earsart + N f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear of grain
הַטֹּבֹ֔תthe goodart + adj f pl abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjectiveטוֹב (H2896) good
שֶׁ֥בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Predicate nominative
שָׁנִ֖יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Predicate nominative
הֵ֑נָּהthey are3fp independent pronoun · הֵנָּה (H2007)Subject (resumptive)
חֲל֖וֹםdreamN m sg abs · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Predicate nominativeחֲלוֹם (H2472) dream
אֶחָ֥דoneN m sg abs (cardinal one) · אֶחָד (H259)Predicate adjectiveאֶחָד (H259) one
הֽוּאit is3ms independent pronoun · הוּא (H1931)Subject (resumptive)
27

וְשֶׁ֣בַע הַ֠פָּרוֹת הָֽרַקּ֨וֹת וְהָרָעֹ֜ת הָעֹלֹ֣ת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ן שֶׁ֤בַע שָׁנִים֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְשֶׁ֤בַע הַֽשִׁבֳּלִים֙ הָרֵק֔וֹת שְׁדֻפ֖וֹת הַקָּדִ֑ים יִהְי֕וּ שֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֥י רָעָֽב

'And the seven thin and bad cows coming up after them are seven years, and the seven empty ears scorched by the east wind will be seven years of famine.'

Second symbol decodedAnd
The negative half of the dream is now defined: the lean symbols correspond not to momentary scarcity but to an extended famine cycle.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְשֶׁ֣בַעand sevenconj וְ + N f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
הַ֠פָּרוֹתthe cowsart + N f pl abs · פָּרָה (H6510)Subjectפָּרָה (H6510) cow
הָֽרַקּ֨וֹתthe thinart + adj f pl abs · רַק (H7534)Attributive adjectiveרַק (H7534) thin, lean
וְהָרָעֹ֜תand the badconj וְ + art + adj f pl abs · רַע (H7451)Attributive adjectiveרַע (H7451) bad, evil
הָעֹלֹ֣תcoming upart + Qal ptc f pl abs · עָלָה (H5927)Attributive participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָלָה (H5927) go up, ascend
אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ןafter themprep + 3fp suffix · אַחַר (H310)Adverbial prep phraseאַחַר (H310) after, behind
שֶׁ֤בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Predicate nominative
שָׁנִים֙yearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Predicate nominativeשָׁנָה (H8141) year
הֵ֔נָּהthey are3fp independent pronoun · הֵנָּה (H2007)Subject (resumptive)
וְשֶׁ֤בַעand sevenconj וְ + N f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Cardinal numeral
הַֽשִׁבֳּלִים֙the earsart + N f pl abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Subjectשִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear of grain
הָרֵק֔וֹתthe emptyart + adj f pl abs · רֵיק (H7386)Attributive adjectiveרֵיק (H7386) empty, worthless
שְׁדֻפ֖וֹתscorched byQal passive ptc f pl constr · שָׁדַף (H7710)Attributive participle→ Passive ptc: resultant stateשָׁדַף (H7710) scorch, blight
הַקָּדִ֑יםthe east windart + N m sg abs · קָדִים (H6921)Genitive (agent)קָדִים (H6921) east wind
יִהְי֕וּthey will beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalהָיָה (H1961) be, become
שֶׁ֖בַעsevenN f sg abs (cardinal seven) · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Predicate nominative
שְׁנֵ֥יyears ofN m dual constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (gen)שָׁנָה (H8141) year
רָעָֽבfamineN m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Genitive (construct)רָעָב (H7458) famine, hunger
28

ה֣וּא הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל פַּרְעֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים עֹשֶׂ֖ה הֶרְאָ֥ה אֶת פַּרְעֹֽה

'This is the word that I spoke to Pharaoh: what God is doing He has shown Pharaoh.'

Interpretation confirmedThis
Joseph reiterates that the matter is not speculative. God has shown Pharaoh a settled future.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ה֣וּאthispronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subjectהוּא (H1931) third-person pronoun, demonstrative
הַדָּבָ֔רthe wordart + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Predicate nominativeדָּבָר (H1697) word, matter, thing
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative pronoun
דִּבַּ֖רְתִּיI spokePiel perf 1cs · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actדָּבַר (H1696) to speak, declare
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) to, toward, unto
פַּרְעֹ֑הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of prepositionפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
אֲשֶׁ֧רwhatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative pronoun
הָאֱלֹהִ֛יםGodart + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subjectאֱלֹהִים (H430) God, deity
עֹשֶׂ֖הis doingQal ptc m sg abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingעָשָׂה (H6213) to do, make
הֶרְאָ֥הhe has shownHiphil perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actרָאָה (H7200) Hiphil: to show, cause to see
אֶת[obj]object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
פַּרְעֹֽהPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Direct objectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
29

הִנֵּ֛ה שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִ֖ים בָּא֑וֹת שָׂבָ֥ע גָּד֖וֹל בְּכָל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

'Behold, seven years are coming, great plenty in all the land of Egypt.'

Abundance announcedBehold
The first phase is expansive and emphatic: abundance will not be local but spread across the whole land.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הִנֵּ֛הbeholddemonstrative particle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Interjectionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold, lo, demonstrative
שֶׁ֥בַעsevencardinal f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (attributive)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שָׁנִ֖יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Subjectשָׁנָה (H8141) year
בָּא֑וֹתare comingQal ptc f pl abs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingבּוֹא (H935) to come, go in
שָׂבָ֥עplentyN m sg abs · שָׂבָע (H7647)Appositionשָׂבָע (H7647) plenty, abundance
גָּד֖וֹלgreatadjective m sg abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjectiveגָּדוֹל (H1419) great, large
בְּכָלin allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
אֶ֥רֶץland ofN (cb) sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive (proper noun)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
30

וְ֠קָמוּ שֶׁ֜בַע שְׁנֵ֤י רָעָב֙ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן וְנִשְׁכַּ֥ח כָּל הַשָּׂבָ֖ע בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְכִלָּ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ב אֶת הָאָֽרֶץ

'And seven years of famine will arise after them, and all the plenty will be forgotten in the land of Egypt, and the famine will consume the land.'

Famine announcedAnd
The famine is not a mild downturn but a consuming force so severe that the memory of prior plenty is erased.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְ֠קָמוּand will ariseconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · קוּם (H6965)Weqatal sequential clause→ Weqatal: sequential futureקוּם (H6965) to arise, stand up
שֶׁ֜בַעsevencardinal f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral (attributive)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שְׁנֵ֤יyears ofnumeral m dual constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (gen)שָׁנָה (H8141) year
רָעָב֙famineN m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Construct chain (gen)רָעָב (H7458) famine, hunger
אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ןafter themprep + 3fp suffix · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prep phraseאַחַר (H310) after, behind, following
וְנִשְׁכַּ֥חand be forgottenconj וְ + Niphal weqatal 3ms · שָׁכַח (H7911)Weqatal sequential clause→ Weqatal: sequential futureשָׁכַח (H7911) Niphal: be forgotten
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
הַשָּׂבָ֖עthe plentyart + N m sg abs · שָׂבָע (H7647)Subjectשָׂבָע (H7647) plenty, abundance
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin land ofprep + N (cb) sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive (proper noun)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
וְכִלָּ֥הand will consumeconj וְ + Piel weqatal 3ms · כָּלָה (H3615)Weqatal sequential clause→ Weqatal: sequential futureכָּלָה (H3615) Piel: finish, consume
הָרָעָ֖בthe famineart + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Subjectרָעָב (H7458) famine, hunger
אֶת[obj]object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N (cb) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct objectאֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
31

וְלֹֽא יִוָּדַ֤ע הַשָּׂבָע֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ מִפְּנֵ֛י הָרָעָ֥ב הַה֖וּא אַחֲרֵי כֵ֑ן כִּֽי כָבֵ֥ד ה֖וּא מְאֹֽד

'And the plenty will not be known in the land because of that famine afterward, for it will be very severe.'

Severity emphasizedAnd
Joseph explains that the coming famine will be so heavy that abundance itself will become socially invisible.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808) not, no
יִוָּדַ֤עbe knownNiphal impf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalיָדַע (H3045) Niphal: be known
הַשָּׂבָע֙the plentyart + N m sg abs · שָׂבָע (H7647)Subjectשָׂבָע (H7647) plenty, abundance
בָּאָ֔רֶץin the landprep + art + N (cb) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prep phraseאֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִפְּנֵ֛יbecause ofprep מִן + N (cb) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Causal prep phraseפָּנִים (H6440) face; מִפְּנֵי = because of
הָרָעָ֥בthe famineart + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Object of prepositionרָעָב (H7458) famine, hunger
הַה֖וּאthatart + pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Attributive (demonstrative)הוּא (H1931) that, he (demonstrative)
אַחֲרֵיafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prep phraseאַחַר (H310) after, behind
כֵ֑ןso, afterwardadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverbכֵּן (H3651) so, thus; אַחֲרֵי כֵן afterward
כִּֽיforconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunctionכִּי (H3588) for, because, that
כָבֵ֥דsevereadjective m sg abs · כָּבֵד (H3515)Predicate adjectiveכָּבֵד (H3515) heavy, severe, grievous
ה֖וּאitpronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subjectהוּא (H1931) he, it (pronoun)
מְאֹֽדveryadverb · מְאֹד (H3966)Adverbמְאֹד (H3966) very, exceedingly
32

וְעַ֨ל הִשָּׁנ֧וֹת הַחֲל֛וֹם אֶל פַּרְעֹ֖ה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם כִּֽי נָכ֤וֹן הַדָּבָר֙ מֵעִ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּמְמַהֵ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ

'And as for the dream being repeated to Pharaoh twice, it is because the matter is fixed by God, and God is hastening to do it.'

Reason for repetitionAnd as for
The doubling of the dream is itself part of the message: certainty and speed belong to what God has decreed.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְעַ֨לand as forconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) on, concerning, about
הִשָּׁנ֧וֹתbeing repeatedNiphal inf constr · שָׁנָה (H8138)Verbal noun (infinitive)→ Infinitive: complementaryשָׁנָה (H8138) to repeat, do again
הַחֲל֛וֹםthe dreamart + N m sg abs · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Subject of infinitiveחֲלוֹם (H2472) dream
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) to, toward, unto
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of prepositionפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
פַּעֲמָ֑יִםtwiceN f dual abs · פַּעַם (H6471)Adverbial accusativeפַּעַם (H6471) time, occurrence; dual=twice
כִּֽיbecauseconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunctionכִּי (H3588) for, because, that
נָכ֤וֹןis fixedNiphal ptc m sg abs · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate adjective→ Niphal ptc: settled stateכּוּן (H3559) Niphal: be established, fixed
הַדָּבָר֙the matterart + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Subjectדָּבָר (H1697) word, matter, thing
מֵעִ֣םfrom withprep מִן + prep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) with; מֵעִם = from
הָאֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Object of prepositionאֱלֹהִים (H430) God, deity
וּמְמַהֵ֥רand is hasteningconj וְ + Piel ptc m sg abs · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate participle→ Participle: durative/ongoingמָהַר (H4116) Piel: to hasten, hurry
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםGodart + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subjectאֱלֹהִים (H430) God, deity
לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹto do itprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213) + 3ms obj suffixPurpose/result clause→ Infinitive: complementaryעָשָׂה (H6213) to do, make
33

וְעַתָּה֙ יֵרֶ֣א פַרְעֹ֔ה אִ֖ישׁ נָב֣וֹן וְחָכָ֑ם וִישִׁיתֵ֖הוּ עַל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

'And now let Pharaoh look for a discerning and wise man and set him over the land of Egypt.'

Policy beginsAnd now
Joseph moves from interpretation to governance, showing that revelation demands practical response.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְעַתָּה֙and nowconj וְ + adverb · עַתָּה (H6258)Temporal adverbעַתָּה (H6258) now, at this time
יֵרֶ֣אlet Pharaoh selectQal jussive 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָאָה (H7200) to see, look out, select
פַרְעֹ֔הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
אִ֖ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Direct objectאִישׁ (H376) man, person
נָב֣וֹןdiscerningNiphal ptc m sg abs · בִּין (H995)Attributive participle→ Participle: durative/ongoingבִּין (H995) Niphal: be discerning, understand
וְחָכָ֑םand wiseconj וְ + adjective m sg abs · חָכָם (H2450)Attributive adjectiveחָכָם (H2450) wise, skillful
וִישִׁיתֵ֖הוּand set himconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · שִׁית (H7896) + 3ms obj suffixPurpose/result clause→ Jussive: volitionalשִׁית (H7896) to set, place, appoint
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) on, over, above
אֶ֥רֶץland ofN (cb) sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive (proper noun)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
34

יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה פַרְעֹ֔ה וְיַפְקֵ֥ד פְּקִדִ֖ים עַל הָאָ֑רֶץ וְחִמֵּשׁ֙ אֶת אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּשֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֥י הַשָּׂבָֽע

'Let Pharaoh act, and appoint overseers over the land, and exact a fifth of the land of Egypt during the seven years of plenty.'

Administrative proposalLet
The plan is concrete and structured: appoint officials, collect surplus, and govern abundance before crisis arrives.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
יַעֲשֶׂ֣הlet Pharaoh actQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalעָשָׂה (H6213) to do, act, make
פַרְעֹ֔הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
וְיַפְקֵ֥דand appointconj וְ + Hiphil jussive 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Purpose/result clause→ Jussive: volitionalפָּקַד (H6485) Hiphil: to appoint, set over
פְּקִדִ֖יםoverseersN m pl abs · פָּקִיד (H6496)Direct objectפָּקִיד (H6496) overseer, officer, deputy
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) on, over, above
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N (cb) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of prepositionאֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
וְחִמֵּשׁ֙and exact a fifthconj וְ + Piel weqatal 3ms · חָמַשׁ (H2567)Weqatal sequential clause→ Weqatal: sequential futureחָמַשׁ (H2567) Piel: take a fifth of
אֶת[obj]object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
אֶ֣רֶץland ofN (cb) sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive (proper noun)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
בְּשֶׁ֖בַעduring sevenprep + cardinal f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Temporal prep phraseשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שְׁנֵ֥יyears ofnumeral m dual constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (gen)שָׁנָה (H8141) year
הַשָּׂבָֽעthe plentyart + N m sg abs · שָׂבָע (H7647)Genitive (attributive)שָׂבָע (H7647) plenty, abundance
35

וְיִקְבְּצ֗וּ אֶת כָּל אֹ֨כֶל֙ הַשָּׁנִ֣ים הַטֹּבֹ֔ת הַבָּאֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְיִצְבְּרוּ בָ֞ר תַּ֧חַת יַד פַּרְעֹ֛ה אֹ֥כֶל בֶּעָרִ֖ים וְשָׁמָֽרוּ

'And let them gather all the food of these coming good years and heap up grain under Pharaoh's hand for food in the cities, and let them keep it.'

Storage strategyAnd let
The abundance phase must be converted into guarded reserves, shifting wealth from dispersed harvest to centralized preservation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְיִקְבְּצ֗וּand let them gatherconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · קָבַץ (H6908)Purpose/result clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalקָבַץ (H6908) to gather, collect
אֶת[obj]object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
אֹ֨כֶל֙food ofN m sg constr · אֹכֶל (H400)Construct chain (gen)אֹכֶל (H400) food, provision
הַשָּׁנִ֣יםthe yearsart + N f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive (attributive)שָׁנָה (H8141) year
הַטֹּבֹ֔תgoodart + adjective f pl abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjectiveטוֹב (H2896) good, pleasant
הַבָּאֹ֖תcomingart + Qal ptc f pl abs · בּוֹא (H935)Attributive participle→ Qal ptc: durative/ongoingבּוֹא (H935) to come, go in
הָאֵ֑לֶּהtheseart + demonstrative pronoun c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Attributive (demonstrative)אֵלֶּה (H428) these
וְיִצְבְּרוּand let them storeconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · צָבַר (H6651)Purpose/result clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalצָבַר (H6651) to heap up, store
בָ֞רgrainN m sg abs · בַּר (H1250)Direct objectבַּר (H1250) grain, corn
תַּ֧חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phraseתַּחַת (H8478) under, beneath, instead
יַדhand ofN (cb) sg constr · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (gen)יָד (H3027) hand, power, authority
פַּרְעֹ֛הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Genitive (proper noun)פַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh
אֹ֥כֶלfoodN m sg abs · אֹכֶל (H400)Appositionאֹכֶל (H400) food, provision
בֶּעָרִ֖יםin the citiesprep + art + N f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Locative prep phraseעִיר (H5892) city, town
וְשָׁמָֽרוּand let them keepconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Weqatal sequential clause→ Weqatal: sequential futureשָׁמַר (H8104) to keep, guard, watch
36

וְהָיָ֨ה הָאֹ֤כֶל לְפִקָּדוֹן֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ לְשֶׁ֨בַע֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הָרָעָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּהְיֶ֖יןָ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹֽא תִכָּרֵ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּרָעָֽב

'And the food shall be for a reserve for the land for the seven years of famine that shall be in the land of Egypt, so that the land may not be cut off by the famine.'

Purpose of planAnd
The whole policy is survival-oriented: preserved food is meant to keep the land itself from perishing under famine.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהָיָ֨הand shall beconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Weqatal sequential clause→ Weqatal: sequential futureהָיָה (H1961) to be, become, happen
הָאֹ֤כֶלthe foodart + N m sg abs · אֹכֶל (H400)Subjectאֹכֶל (H400) food, provision
לְפִקָּדוֹן֙for a reserveprep + N m sg abs · פִּקָּדוֹן (H6487)Predicate prep phraseפִּקָּדוֹן (H6487) deposit, reserve, store
לָאָ֔רֶץfor the landprep + art + N (cb) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phraseאֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
לְשֶׁ֨בַע֙for sevenprep + cardinal f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Temporal prep phraseשֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שְׁנֵ֣יyears ofnumeral m dual constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (gen)שָׁנָה (H8141) year
הָרָעָ֔בthe famineart + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Genitive (attributive)רָעָב (H7458) famine, hunger
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative pronoun
תִּהְיֶ֖יןָshall beQal impf 3fp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (relative)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalהָיָה (H1961) to be, become, happen
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin land ofprep + N (cb) sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive (proper noun)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
וְלֹֽאso that notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808) not, no
תִכָּרֵ֥תbe cut offNiphal impf 3fs · כָּרַת (H3772)Purpose/result clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalכָּרַת (H3772) Niphal: be cut off, perish
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N (cb) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Subjectאֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
בָּרָעָֽבby the famineprep + art + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Means prep phraseרָעָב (H7458) famine, hunger
37

וַיִּיטַ֥ב הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וּבְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל עֲבָדָֽיו

And the word was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants.

Royal approvalAnd
Joseph's interpretation-plus-policy answer satisfies both the king and the court, showing that wisdom has become publicly persuasive.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיִּיטַ֥בand it was goodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָטַב (H3190)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָטַב (H3190) be good, pleasing
הַדָּבָ֖רthe wordart + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Subjectדָּבָר (H1697) word, matter, thing
בְּעֵינֵ֣יin the eyes ofprep + N c dual constr · עַיִן (H5869)Object of prepositionעַיִן (H5869) eye; idiom for judgment
פַרְעֹ֑הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Construct chain (gen)פַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
וּבְעֵינֵ֖יand in the eyes ofconj וְ + prep + N c dual constr · עַיִן (H5869)Object of prepositionעַיִן (H5869) eye; idiom for judgment
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
עֲבָדָֽיוhis servantsN m pl constr + 3ms poss suffix · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (gen)עֶבֶד (H5650) servant, slave, official
38

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל עֲבָדָ֑יו הֲנִמְצָ֣א כָזֶ֔ה אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֛ר ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בּֽוֹ

And Pharaoh said to his servants, 'Can we find a man like this, in whom is the spirit of God?'

Recognition of JosephAnd
Pharaoh's question identifies in Joseph not merely cleverness but a divine-spiritual quality that sets him apart.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) to say, speak
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Object of prepositionאֶל (H413) to, toward, unto
עֲבָדָ֑יוhis servantsN m pl constr + 3ms poss suffix · עֶבֶד (H5650)Object of prepositionעֶבֶד (H5650) servant, slave, official
הֲנִמְצָ֣אcan we findinterrog הֲ + Qal impf 1cp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalמָצָא (H4672) to find, attain, discover
כָזֶ֔הlike thisprep + demonstr pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive adjectiveזֶה (H2088) this; כָּזֶה such, like this
אִ֕ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Direct objectאִישׁ (H376) man, person, each
אֲשֶׁ֛רin whomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834) who, which, that
ר֥וּחַspirit ofN c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Subjectרוּחַ (H7307) spirit, wind, breath
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (gen)אֱלֹהִים (H430) God, gods, divine
בּֽוֹin himprep + 3ms suffix · בְּ (no Strong's)Predicate (locative)בְּ in, with; here predicate of presence
39

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶל יוֹסֵ֔ף אַחֲרֵ֨י הוֹדִ֧יעַ אֱלֹהִ֛ים אוֹתְךָ֖ אֶת כָּל זֹ֑את אֵין נָב֥וֹן וְחָכָ֖ם כָּמֽוֹךָ

And Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'After God has made all this known to you, there is none discerning and wise like you.'

Joseph singled outAnd
The revelation that came from God now becomes the basis for Joseph's public qualification as administrator.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) to say, speak
פַּרְעֹה֙Pharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Object of prepositionאֶל (H413) to, toward, unto
יוֹסֵ֔ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Indirect objectיוֹסֵף (H3130) Joseph, son of Jacob
אַחֲרֵ֨יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Object of prepositionאַחַר (H310) after, behind, following
הוֹדִ֧יעַhas made knownHiphil inf constr · יָדַע (H3045)Infinitive construct (temporal)יָדַע (H3045) know; Hiphil make known
אֱלֹהִ֛יםGodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subjectאֱלֹהִים (H430) God, gods, divine
אוֹתְךָ֖to youobj marker + 2ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Indirect objectאֵת (H853) object marker; here with suffix
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct objectכֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
זֹ֑אתthisdemonstr pron f sg · זֹאת (H2063)Appositionזֹאת (H2063) this (fem.)
אֵיןthere is noneparticle of negation · אַיִן (H369)Negative existentialאַיִן (H369) nothing, there is not
נָב֥וֹןdiscerningNiphal ptc m sg abs · בִּין (H995)Substantival participleבִּין (H995) discern, understand; ptc discerning
וְחָכָ֖םand wiseconj וְ + adj m sg abs · חָכָם (H2450)Substantival adjectiveחָכָם (H2450) wise, skillful, shrewd
כָּמֽוֹךָlike youprep + 2ms suffix · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Comparisonכְּמוֹ (H3644) like, as, similar to
40

אַתָּה֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה עַל בֵּיתִ֔י וְעַל פִּ֖יךָ יִשַּׁ֣ק כָּל עַמִּ֑י רַ֥ק הַכִּסֵּ֖א אֶגְדַּ֥ל מִמֶּֽךָּ

'You shall be over my house, and according to your mouth all my people shall order themselves; only with respect to the throne will I be greater than you.'

Delegation of ruleYou
Joseph is elevated to near-regal authority, subordinate only to Pharaoh's throne itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אַתָּה֙youpersonal pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subjectאַתָּה (H859) you (masc. sg.)
תִּהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalהָיָה (H1961) to be, become, happen
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Object of prepositionעַל (H5921) upon, over, against
בֵּיתִ֔יmy houseN m sg constr + 1cs poss suffix · בַּיִת (H1004)Object of prepositionבַּיִת (H1004) house, household, palace
וְעַלand according toconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Coordinating conjunctionעַל (H5921) upon, according to, by
פִּ֖יךָyour mouthN m sg constr + 2ms poss suffix · פֶּה (H6310)Object of prepositionפֶּה (H6310) mouth, command, word
יִשַּׁ֣קshall order themselvesQal impf 3ms · נָשַׁק (H5401)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalנָשַׁק (H5401) kiss; here submit, obey
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subjectכֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
עַמִּ֑יmy peopleN m sg constr + 1cs poss suffix · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (gen)עַם (H5971) people, nation, kinsmen
רַ֥קonlyadverb · רַק (H7535)Restrictive adverbרַק (H7535) only, however, surely
הַכִּסֵּ֖אthe throneart + N m sg abs · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Accusative of respectכִּסֵּא (H3678) throne, seat, chair
אֶגְדַּ֥לI will be greaterQal impf 1cs · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalגָּדַל (H1431) be great, grow, become great
מִמֶּֽךָּthan youprep + 2ms suffix · מִן (H4480)Comparisonמִן (H4480) from; comparative than
41

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף רְאֵה֙ נָתַ֣תִּי אֹֽתְךָ֔ עַ֖ל כָּל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'See, I have set you over all the land of Egypt.'

Formal installationAnd
The promotion is restated programmatically so there is no doubt about Joseph's scope of rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) to say, speak
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Object of prepositionאֶל (H413) to, toward, unto
יוֹסֵ֑ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Indirect objectיוֹסֵף (H3130) Joseph, son of Jacob
רְאֵה֙seeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Imperative: commandרָאָה (H7200) to see, look, perceive
נָתַ֣תִּיI have setQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actנָתַן (H5414) give, set, put, appoint
אֹֽתְךָ֔youobj marker + 2ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) object marker; here with suffix
עַ֖לoverprep · עַל (H5921)Object of prepositionעַל (H5921) upon, over, against
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
42

וַיָּ֨סַר פַּרְעֹ֤ה אֶת טַבַּעְתּוֹ֙ מֵעַ֣ל יָד֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֖הּ עַל יַ֣ד יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיַּלְבֵּ֤שׁ אֹתוֹ֙ בִּגְדֵי שֵׁ֔שׁ וַיָּ֛שֶׂם רְבִ֥ד הַזָּהָ֖ב עַל צַוָּארֽוֹ

And Pharaoh removed his signet ring from upon his hand and put it on Joseph's hand, and clothed him in garments of fine linen, and put the gold chain upon his neck.

Investiture signsAnd
Ring, garments, and gold chain together stage Joseph's transfer from prisoner-status to visible courtly authority.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיָּ֨סַרand removedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · סוּר (H5493)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסוּר (H5493) turn aside; Hiphil remove
פַּרְעֹ֤הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
טַבַּעְתּוֹ֙his signet ringN f sg constr + 3ms poss suffix · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct objectטַבַּעַת (H2885) signet ring, seal-ring
מֵעַ֣לfrom uponprep מִן + prep עַל (H5921)Object of prepositionמֵעַל from upon, from off
יָד֔וֹhis handN c sg constr + 3ms poss suffix · יָד (H3027)Object of prepositionיָד (H3027) hand, power, side
וַיִּתֵּ֥ןand putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) give, set, put, place
אֹתָ֖הּitobj marker + 3fs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) object marker; here with suffix
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Object of prepositionעַל (H5921) upon, over, on
יַ֣דthe hand ofN c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Object of prepositionיָד (H3027) hand, power, side
יוֹסֵ֑ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Construct chain (gen)יוֹסֵף (H3130) Joseph, son of Jacob
וַיַּלְבֵּ֤שׁand clothedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָבַשׁ (H3847) wear; Hiphil clothe, dress
אֹתוֹ֙himobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) object marker; here with suffix
בִּגְדֵיgarments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Accusative of materialבֶּגֶד (H899) garment, clothing, robe
שֵׁ֔שׁfine linenadj f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Construct chain (gen)שֵׁשׁ (H8336) fine linen, white byssus
וַיָּ֛שֶׂםand putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) put, place, set, lay
רְבִ֥דthe chain ofN m sg constr · רָבִיד (H7242)Direct objectרָבִיד (H7242) chain, necklace, collar
הַזָּהָ֖בthe goldart + N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (gen)זָהָב (H2091) gold
עַלuponprep · עַל (H5921)Object of prepositionעַל (H5921) upon, over, on
צַוָּארֽוֹhis neckN m sg constr + 3ms poss suffix · צַוָּאר (H6677)Object of prepositionצַוָּאר (H6677) neck
43

וַיַּרְכֵּ֣ב אֹת֗וֹ בְּמִרְכֶּ֤בֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה֙ אֲשֶׁר ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ לְפָנָ֖יו אַבְרֵ֑ךְ וְנָת֣וֹן אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ל כָּל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And he had him ride in the second chariot that was his, and they cried before him, 'Abrek!' And he set him over all the land of Egypt.

Public acclamationAnd
Joseph's authority is not merely private appointment; it is performed, proclaimed, and recognized before the population.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיַּרְכֵּ֣בand he had him rideconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · רָכַב (H7392)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָכַב (H7392) ride; Hiphil cause to ride
אֹת֗וֹhimobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) object marker; here with suffix
בְּמִרְכֶּ֤בֶתin the chariot ofprep + N f sg constr · מֶרְכָּבָה (H4818)Object of prepositionמֶרְכָּבָה (H4818) chariot, war-chariot
הַמִּשְׁנֶה֙the secondart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁנֶה (H4932)Construct chain (gen)מִשְׁנֶה (H4932) second, double, copy
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834) who, which, that
ל֔וֹwas hisprep + 3ms suffix · לְ (no Strong's)Possessive predicateלְ to, for; here possession marker
וַיִּקְרְא֥וּand they criedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) call, proclaim, cry out
לְפָנָ֖יוbefore himprep + N c pl constr + 3ms poss suffix · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of prepositionפָּנִים (H6440) face; לִפְנֵי before
אַבְרֵ֑ךְAbrek!exclamation/adverb · אַבְרֵךְ (H86)Exclamationאַבְרֵךְ (H86) Abrek!, cry of homage
וְנָת֣וֹןand he setconj וְ + Qal inf abs · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive absolute (narrative)נָתַן (H5414) give, set, put, appoint
אֹת֔וֹhimobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) object marker; here with suffix
עַ֖לoverprep · עַל (H5921)Object of prepositionעַל (H5921) upon, over, against
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (gen)כֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
44

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֛ה אֶל יוֹסֵ֖ף אֲנִ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וּבִלְעָדֶ֗יךָ לֹֽא יָרִ֨ים אִ֧ישׁ אֶת יָד֛וֹ וְאֶת רַגְל֖וֹ בְּכָל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'I am Pharaoh, and without you no man shall lift up his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt.'

Sovereign backingAnd
Pharaoh's own sovereignty now authorizes Joseph's functional supremacy throughout Egypt.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֧אמֶרand saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) to say, speak
פַּרְעֹ֛הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Object of prepositionאֶל (H413) to, toward, unto
יוֹסֵ֖ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Indirect objectיוֹסֵף (H3130) Joseph, son of Jacob
אֲנִ֣יI ampersonal pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subjectאֲנִי (H589) I
פַרְעֹ֑הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Predicate nominativeפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
וּבִלְעָדֶ֗יךָand without youconj וְ + prep + 2ms suffix · בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107)Adverbial (exception)בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107) apart from, without, besides
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negationלֹא (H3808) not, no, never
יָרִ֨יםshall lift upHiphil impf 3ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalרוּם (H7311) be high; Hiphil raise, lift
אִ֧ישׁany manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subjectאִישׁ (H376) man, person, anyone
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יָד֛וֹhis handN c sg constr + 3ms poss suffix · יָד (H3027)Direct objectיָד (H3027) hand, power, side
וְאֶתorconj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
רַגְל֖וֹhis footN f sg constr + 3ms poss suffix · רֶגֶל (H7272)Direct objectרֶגֶל (H7272) foot, leg
בְּכָלin allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Object of prepositionכֹּל (H3605) all, whole, every
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
45

וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֣ה שֵׁם יוֹסֵף֮ צָֽפְנַ֣ת פַּעְנֵחַ֒ וַיִּתֶּן ל֣וֹ אֶת אָֽסְנַ֗ת בַּת פּ֥וֹטִי פֶ֛רַע כֹּהֵ֥ן אֹ֖ן לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֵּצֵ֥א יוֹסֵ֖ף עַל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphenath-paneah, and gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera priest of On for a wife. And Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.

Egyptian integrationAnd
Joseph receives an Egyptian name, marriage, and public mission, signaling both his incorporation into the regime and his new vocational sphere.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיִּקְרָ֨אand calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) call, name, proclaim
פַרְעֹ֣הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547) Pharaoh, king of Egypt
שֵׁםthe name ofN m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct objectשֵׁם (H8034) name, reputation, renown
יוֹסֵף֮Josephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Construct chain (gen)יוֹסֵף (H3130) Joseph, son of Jacob
צָֽפְנַ֣תZaphenathproper noun · צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ (H6847)Object complementצָפְנַת (H6847) Egyptian name Zaphenath-paneah
פַּעְנֵחַ֒Paneahproper noun · פַּעְנֵחַ (H6847)Object complementפַּעְנֵחַ (H6847) Egyptian name Zaphenath-paneah
וַיִּתֶּןand gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) give, set, grant
ל֣וֹto himprep + 3ms suffix · לְ (no Strong's)Indirect objectלְ to, for, with respect to
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
אָֽסְנַ֗תAsenathproper noun · אָסְנַת (H621)Direct objectאָסְנַת (H621) Asenath, Joseph's wife
בַּתdaughter ofN f sg constr · בַּת (H1323)Appositionבַּת (H1323) daughter, girl
פּ֥וֹטִיPotiproper noun · פּוֹטִי פֶרַע (H6319)Construct chain (gen)פּוֹטִי פֶרַע (H6319) Potiphera, priest of On
פֶ֛רַעpheraproper noun · פֶרַע (H6319)Construct chain (gen)פּוֹטִי פֶרַע (H6319) Potiphera, priest of On
כֹּהֵ֥ןpriest ofN m sg constr · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Appositionכֹּהֵן (H3548) priest
אֹ֖ןOnproper noun · אֹן (H204)Construct chain (gen)אֹן (H204) On, Heliopolis in Egypt
לְאִשָּׁ֑הfor a wifeprep + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Object of prepositionאִשָּׁה (H802) woman, wife
וַיֵּצֵ֥אand went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) go out, come out, depart
יוֹסֵ֖ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130) Joseph, son of Jacob
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Object of prepositionעַל (H5921) upon, over, throughout
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776) land, earth, country
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) Egypt
46

וְיוֹסֵף֙ בֶּן שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּעָמְד֕וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיֵּצֵ֤א יוֹסֵף֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַֽיַּעְבֹ֖ר בְּכָל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And Joseph was a son of thirty years when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from before Pharaoh and passed through all the land of Egypt.

Transition to administrationAnd
The age note marks maturity, and the movement through the land begins the active execution of Joseph's policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְיוֹסֵף֙And Josephconj וְ + proper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph, the patriarch.
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Predicate nominativeבֵּן (H1121), son; idiom of age.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtynumber pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Numeralשְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970), thirty.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Appositionשָׁנָה (H8141), year.
בְּעָמְד֕וֹwhen he stoodprep + Qal inf constr + 3ms suffix · עָמַד (H5975)Temporal prep phrase→ Infinitive: complementaryעָמַד (H5975), to stand; temporal infinitive.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prep phraseפָּנִים (H6440), face; idiom 'before'.
פַּרְעֹ֣הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Construct chain (gen)פַּרְעֹה (H6547), Pharaoh, Egyptian king-title.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Appositionמֶלֶךְ (H4428), king.
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt.
וַיֵּצֵ֤אand went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318), to go out, come forth.
יוֹסֵף֙Josephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
מִלִּפְנֵ֣יfrom beforeprep + prep + N pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prep phraseפָּנִים (H6440), face; 'from before'.
פַרְעֹ֔הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of prepositionפַּרְעֹה (H6547), Pharaoh.
וַֽיַּעְבֹ֖רand passed throughconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674), to pass over, through.
בְּכָלthrough allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative prep phraseכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776), land, earth.
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt.
47

וַתַּ֣עַשׂ הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּשֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֣י הַשָּׂבָ֑ע לִקְמָצִֽים

And the land produced by handfuls during the seven years of plenty.

Plenty realizedAnd
The abundance arrives just as announced, and the land yields in extraordinary measure.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַתַּ֣עַשׂand producedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213), to do, make, produce.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Subjectאֶרֶץ (H776), land, earth.
בְּשֶׁ֖בַעduring sevenprep + number f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Temporal prep phraseשֶׁבַע (H7651), seven.
שְׁנֵ֣יyears ofN m dual constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (gen)שָׁנָה (H8141), year.
הַשָּׂבָ֑עthe plentyart + N m sg abs · שָׂבָע (H7647)Construct chain (gen)שָׂבָע (H7647), abundance, plenty.
לִקְמָצִֽיםby handfulsprep + N m pl abs · קֹמֶץ (H7062)Adverbial prep phraseקֹמֶץ (H7062), handful; abundance idiom.
48

וַיִּקְבֹּ֞ץ אֶת כָּל אֹ֣כֶל שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּתֶּן אֹ֖כֶל בֶּעָרִ֑ים אֹ֧כֶל שְׂדֵה הָעִ֛יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר סְבִיבֹתֶ֖יהָ נָתַ֥ן בְּתוֹכָֽהּ

And he gathered all the food of the seven years that were in the land of Egypt and put food in the cities; the food of the field of the city that was around it he put within it.

Storage enactedAnd
Joseph's administrative response is carried out locally and systematically, city by city.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּקְבֹּ֞ץand he gatheredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַץ (H6908)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַץ (H6908), to gather, collect.
אֶת[obj]direct object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct objectכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
אֹ֣כֶלthe food ofN m sg constr · אֹכֶל (H400)Construct chain (gen)אֹכֶל (H400), food.
שֶׁ֣בַעsevennumber f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651), seven.
שָׁנִ֗יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (gen)שָׁנָה (H8141), year.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative 'which, that'.
הָיוּ֙wereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed actהָיָה (H1961), to be, exist.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prep phraseאֶרֶץ (H776), land.
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt.
וַיִּתֶּןand putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414), to give, put, place.
אֹ֖כֶלfoodN m sg abs · אֹכֶל (H400)Direct objectאֹכֶל (H400), food.
בֶּעָרִ֑יםin the citiesprep + art + N f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Locative prep phraseעִיר (H5892), city.
אֹ֧כֶלthe food ofN m sg constr · אֹכֶל (H400)Direct objectאֹכֶל (H400), food.
שְׂדֵהthe field ofN m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (gen)שָׂדֶה (H7704), field.
הָעִ֛ירthe cityart + N f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (gen)עִיר (H5892), city.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative 'which, that'.
סְבִיבֹתֶ֖יהָaround itN pl constr + 3fs suffix · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusativeסָבִיב (H5439), surrounding, round about.
נָתַ֥ןhe putQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actנָתַן (H5414), to give, put, place.
בְּתוֹכָֽהּwithin itprep + N m sg constr + 3fs suffix · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prep phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432), midst, middle.
49

וַיִּצְבֹּ֨ר יוֹסֵ֥ף בָּ֛ר כְּח֥וֹל הַיָּ֖ם הַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד עַ֛ד כִּי חָדַ֥ל לִסְפֹּ֖ר כִּי אֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר

And Joseph piled up grain like the sand of the sea, very much, until he ceased to count, for there was no number.

Measure exceededAnd
The grain becomes effectively innumerable, using abundance language that evokes covenantal largeness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיִּצְבֹּ֨רand piled upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · צָבַר (H6651)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָבַר (H6651), to heap up, store.
יוֹסֵ֥ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
בָּ֛רgrainN m sg abs · בָּר (H1250)Direct objectבָּר (H1250), grain, corn.
כְּח֥וֹלlike the sand ofprep + N m sg constr · חוֹל (H2344)Comparative prep phraseחוֹל (H2344), sand.
הַיָּ֖םthe seaart + N m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (gen)יָם (H3220), sea.
הַרְבֵּ֣הabundantlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Adverbial accusative→ Infinitive: adverbial intensifierרָבָה (H7235), to be many; inf abs.
מְאֹ֑דvery muchadverb · מְאֹד (H3966)Adverbial modifierמְאֹד (H3966), very, exceedingly.
עַ֛דuntilpreposition · עַד (H5704)Temporal conjunctionעַד (H5704), until, as far as.
כִּיthatconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588), that, for, because.
חָדַ֥לhe ceasedQal perf 3ms · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actחָדַל (H2308), to cease, stop, leave off.
לִסְפֹּ֖רto countprep + Qal inf constr · סָפַר (H5608)Complementary infinitive→ Infinitive: complementaryסָפַר (H5608), to count, number.
כִּיforconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Causal clauseכִּי (H3588), for, because.
אֵ֥יןthere was noparticle of negation · אַיִן (H369)Negative existentialאַיִן (H369), there is not; nonexistence.
מִסְפָּֽרnumberN m sg abs · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Subjectמִסְפָּר (H4557), number, count.
50

וּלְיוֹסֵ֤ף יֻלַּד֙ שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא שְׁנַ֣ת הָרָעָ֑ב אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָֽלְדָה לּוֹ֙ אָֽסְנַ֔ת בַּת פּ֥וֹטִי פֶ֖רַע כֹּהֵ֥ן אֽוֹן

And to Joseph were born two sons before the year of famine came, whom Asenath daughter of Potiphera priest of On bore to him.

Domestic fruitfulnessAnd
Before the famine begins, Joseph's household is established and fruitful within his Egyptian setting.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וּלְיוֹסֵ֤ףand to Josephconj וְ + prep + proper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Indirect objectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
יֻלַּד֙were bornPual perf 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actיָלַד (H3205), Pual 'be born'.
שְׁנֵ֣יtwonumber m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeralשְׁנַיִם (H8147), two.
בָנִ֔יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Subjectבֵּן (H1121), son.
בְּטֶ֥רֶםbeforeprep + adverb · טֶרֶם (H2962)Temporal conjunctionטֶרֶם (H2962), before, not yet.
תָּב֖וֹאcameQal impf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Temporal clause verb→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalבּוֹא (H935), to come, enter.
שְׁנַ֣תthe year ofN f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Subjectשָׁנָה (H8141), year.
הָרָעָ֑בthe famineart + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Construct chain (gen)רָעָב (H7458), famine, hunger.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative 'whom, which'.
יָֽלְדָהboreQal perf 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed actיָלַד (H3205), to bear, bring forth.
לּוֹ֙to himprep לְ + 3ms suffixIndirect objectלְ, to/for + 3ms suffix.
אָֽסְנַ֔תAsenathproper noun · אָסְנַת (H621)Subjectאָסְנַת (H621), Asenath, Joseph's wife.
בַּתdaughter ofN f sg constr · בַּת (H1323)Appositionבַּת (H1323), daughter.
פּ֥וֹטִיPotipheraproper noun · פּוֹטִי פֶרַע (H6319)Construct chain (gen)פּוֹטִי פֶרַע (H6319), Potiphera, On priest.
פֶ֖רַעPotipheraproper noun · פּוֹטִי פֶרַע (H6319)Construct chain (gen)פּוֹטִי פֶרַע (H6319), Potiphera (name component).
כֹּהֵ֥ןpriest ofN m sg constr · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Appositionכֹּהֵן (H3548), priest.
אֽוֹןOnproper noun · אוֹן (H204)Construct chain (gen)אוֹן (H204), On (Heliopolis).
51

וַיִּקְרָ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת שֵׁ֥ם הַבְּכ֖וֹר מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה כִּֽי נַשַּׁ֤נִי אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת כָּל עֲמָלִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת כָּל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי

And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh, 'For God has made me forget all my toil and all my father's house.'

Name of first sonAnd
The name Manasseh interprets Joseph's past through divine relief from remembered toil and family pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּקְרָ֥אand calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121), to call, name, proclaim.
יוֹסֵ֛ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
אֶת[obj]direct object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שֵׁ֥םthe name ofN m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct objectשֵׁם (H8034), name.
הַבְּכ֖וֹרthe firstbornart + N m sg abs · בְּכוֹר (H1060)Construct chain (gen)בְּכוֹר (H1060), firstborn.
מְנַשֶּׁ֑הManassehproper noun · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Object complementמְנַשֶּׁה (H4519), Manasseh; 'making forget'.
כִּֽיforconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Causal clauseכִּי (H3588), for, because.
נַשַּׁ֤נִיhas made me forgetPiel perf 3ms + 1cs obj suffix · נָשָׁה (H5382)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: completed actנָשָׁה (H5382), Piel 'make forget'; Manasseh wordplay.
אֱלֹהִים֙GodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subjectאֱלֹהִים (H430), God (plural of majesty).
אֶת[obj]direct object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct objectכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
עֲמָלִ֔יmy toilN sg constr + 1cs suffix · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (gen)עָמָל (H5999), toil, trouble, labor.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + direct object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct objectכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
בֵּ֥יתhouse ofN m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (gen)בַּיִת (H1004), house, household.
אָבִֽיmy fatherN m sg constr + 1cs suffix · אָב (H1)Construct chain (gen)אָב (H1), father.
52

וְאֵ֛ת שֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖י קָרָ֣א אֶפְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי הִפְרַ֥נִי אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּאֶ֥רֶץ עָנְיִֽי

And the name of the second he called Ephraim, 'For God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.'

Name of second sonAnd
Ephraim names not escape from affliction but fruitfulness within it, a fitting theology for Joseph's whole rise.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאֵ֛תand [obj]conj וְ + direct object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שֵׁ֥םthe name ofN m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct objectשֵׁם (H8034), name.
הַשֵּׁנִ֖יthe secondart + ordinal m sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Construct chain (gen)שֵׁנִי (H8145), second.
קָרָ֣אhe calledQal perf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actקָרָא (H7121), to call, name.
אֶפְרָ֑יִםEphraimproper noun · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Object complementאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Ephraim; 'fruitfulness'.
כִּֽיforconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Causal clauseכִּי (H3588), for, because.
הִפְרַ֥נִיhas made me fruitfulHiphil perf 3ms + 1cs obj suffix · פָּרָה (H6509)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: completed actפָּרָה (H6509), Hiphil 'make fruitful'; Ephraim wordplay.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subjectאֱלֹהִים (H430), God.
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prep phraseאֶרֶץ (H776), land.
עָנְיִֽיmy afflictionN m sg constr + 1cs suffix · עֳנִי (H6040)Construct chain (gen)עֳנִי (H6040), affliction, misery.
53

וַתִּכְלֶ֕ינָה שֶׁ֖בַע שְׁנֵ֣י הַשָּׂבָ֑ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And the seven years of plenty that were in the land of Egypt came to an end.

Transition of seasonsAnd
The predicted cycle now turns, and Joseph's reading of time begins to prove itself in history.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַתִּכְלֶ֕ינָהand came to an endconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · כָּלָה (H3615)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּלָה (H3615), to be complete, finished, end.
שֶׁ֖בַעsevennumber f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651), seven.
שְׁנֵ֣יyears ofN m dual constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Subjectשָׁנָה (H8141), year.
הַשָּׂבָ֑עthe plentyart + N m sg abs · שָׂבָע (H7647)Construct chain (gen)שָׂבָע (H7647), abundance, plenty.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative 'which, that'.
הָיָ֖הwereQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed actהָיָה (H1961), to be, exist.
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prep phraseאֶרֶץ (H776), land.
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt.
54

וַתְּחִלֶּ֜ינָה שֶׁ֣בַע שְׁנֵ֤י הָרָעָב֙ לָב֔וֹא כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֣ר יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיְהִ֤י רָעָב֙ בְּכָל הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹת וּבְכָל אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם הָ֥יָה לָֽחֶם

And the seven years of famine began to come, just as Joseph had said; and there was famine in all the lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.

Famine beginsAnd
Joseph's words are fulfilled with precision, and Egypt's stored bread immediately distinguishes it from the surrounding lands.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַתְּחִלֶּ֜ינָהand beganconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fp · חָלַל (H2490)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַל (H2490), Hiphil 'begin'.
שֶׁ֣בַעsevennumber f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeralשֶׁבַע (H7651), seven.
שְׁנֵ֤יyears ofN m dual constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Subjectשָׁנָה (H8141), year.
הָרָעָב֙the famineart + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Construct chain (gen)רָעָב (H7458), famine.
לָב֔וֹאto comeprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Complementary infinitive→ Infinitive: complementaryבּוֹא (H935), to come, enter.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רjust asprep + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'as, according as'.
אָמַ֣רhad saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (comparative clause)→ Perfective: completed actאָמַר (H559), to say, speak.
יוֹסֵ֑ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
וַיְהִ֤יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961), to be; existential 'there was'.
רָעָב֙famineN m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Subjectרָעָב (H7458), famine, hunger.
בְּכָלin allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative prep phraseכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
הָ֣אֲרָצ֔וֹתthe landsart + N pl abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776), land; pl 'lands'.
וּבְכָלbut in allconj וְ + prep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative prep phraseכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776), land.
מִצְרַ֖יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt.
הָ֥יָהthere wasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actהָיָה (H1961), to be, exist.
לָֽחֶםbreadN sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Subjectלֶחֶם (H3899), bread, food.
55

וַתִּרְעַב֙ כָּל אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּצְעַ֥ק הָעָ֛ם אֶל פַּרְעֹ֖ה לַלָּ֑חֶם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֤ה לְכָל מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לְכ֣וּ אֶל יוֹסֵ֔ף אֲשֶׁר יֹאמַ֥ר לָכֶ֖ם תַּעֲשֽׂוּ

And all the land of Egypt was hungry, and the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread; and Pharaoh said to all Egypt, 'Go to Joseph; what he says to you, do.'

Joseph as mediator of breadAnd
Pharaoh now directs the hungry population to Joseph, making Joseph the practical channel of life for the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַתִּרְעַב֙and was hungryconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · רָעֵב (H7456)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעֵב (H7456), to be hungry, famished.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subjectכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776), land.
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt.
וַיִּצְעַ֥קand cried outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · צָעַק (H6817)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָעַק (H6817), to cry out, call.
הָעָ֛םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subjectעַם (H5971), people, nation.
אֶלtopreposition · אֶל (H413)Locative prep phraseאֶל (H413), to, toward, unto.
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of prepositionפַּרְעֹה (H6547), Pharaoh.
לַלָּ֑חֶםfor breadprep + art + N sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Purpose prep phraseלֶחֶם (H3899), bread, food.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559), to say, speak.
פַּרְעֹ֤הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subjectפַּרְעֹה (H6547), Pharaoh.
לְכָלto allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Indirect objectכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
מִצְרַ֨יִם֙Egyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4713)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4713), Egypt/Egyptians.
לְכ֣וּgoQal impv 2mp · יָלַךְ (H3212)Imperative (command)→ Imperative: volitional commandיָלַךְ (H3212), to go, walk.
אֶלtopreposition · אֶל (H413)Locative prep phraseאֶל (H413), to, toward.
יוֹסֵ֔ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Object of prepositionיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
אֲשֶׁרwhatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative 'what, that which'.
יֹאמַ֥רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalאָמַר (H559), to say, speak.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep לְ + 2mp suffixIndirect objectלְ, to/for + 2mp suffix.
תַּעֲשֽׂוּdoQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modalעָשָׂה (H6213), to do, make; jussive force.
56

וְהָרָעָ֣ב הָיָ֔ה עַ֖ל כָּל פְּנֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּפְתַּ֨ח יוֹסֵ֜ף אֶֽת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֣ר לְמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֶּחֱזַ֥ק הָֽרָעָ֖ב בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And the famine was over all the face of the earth, and Joseph opened all that was in them and sold grain to Egypt; and the famine grew strong in the land of Egypt.

Stores openedAnd
Joseph's storehouses are opened into a worsening famine, and the narrative presents him as the active administrator of survival.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְהָרָעָ֣בand the famineconj וְ + art + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Subjectרָעָב (H7458), famine, hunger.
הָיָ֔הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actהָיָה (H1961), to be, exist.
עַ֖לoverpreposition · עַל (H5921)Locative prep phraseעַל (H5921), on, over, upon.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Object of prepositionכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
פְּנֵ֣יthe face ofN pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (gen)פָּנִים (H6440), face, surface.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe earthart + N sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776), land, earth.
וַיִּפְתַּ֨חand openedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּתַח (H6605), to open.
יוֹסֵ֜ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Subjectיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
אֶֽת[obj]direct object marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct objectכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative 'which, that'.
בָּהֶם֙was in themprep בְּ + 3mp suffixLocative prep phraseבְּ, in + 3mp suffix.
וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֣רand sold grainconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7666)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁבַר (H7666), to buy/sell grain.
לְמִצְרַ֔יִםto Egyptprep + proper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4713)Indirect objectמִצְרַיִם (H4713), Egypt/Egyptians.
וַיֶּחֱזַ֥קand grew strongconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָזַק (H2388), to be strong, prevail.
הָֽרָעָ֖בthe famineart + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Subjectרָעָב (H7458), famine.
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prep phraseאֶרֶץ (H776), land.
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct chain (gen)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt.
57

וְכָל הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה לִשְׁבֹּ֖ר אֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף כִּֽי חָזַ֥ק הָרָעָ֖ב בְּכָל הָאָֽרֶץ

And all the earth came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph, for the famine was strong in all the earth.

Universal reachAnd
Closes by widening Joseph's significance beyond Egypt: the nations now move toward him because the famine has become world-scale.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subjectכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the earthart + N sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776), land, earth; here 'all peoples'.
בָּ֣אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed actבּוֹא (H935), to come, enter.
מִצְרַ֔יְמָהto Egyptproper noun + directional ה · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Adverbial accusative (direction)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt; with locative he.
לִשְׁבֹּ֖רto buy grainprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁבַר (H7666)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive: purposeשָׁבַר (H7666), to buy grain.
אֶלfrompreposition · אֶל (H413)Locative prep phraseאֶל (H413), to, toward (here 'from').
יוֹסֵ֑ףJosephproper noun · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Object of prepositionיוֹסֵף (H3130), Joseph.
כִּֽיforconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Causal clauseכִּי (H3588), for, because.
חָזַ֥קwas strongQal perf 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: completed actחָזַק (H2388), to be strong, severe.
הָרָעָ֖בthe famineart + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Subjectרָעָב (H7458), famine.
בְּכָלin allprep + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative prep phraseכֹּל (H3605), all, whole.
הָאָֽרֶץthe earthart + N sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (gen)אֶרֶץ (H776), land, earth.