1
וַיִּסְעוּ֙ מֵֽאֵילִ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ כָּל עֲדַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל מִדְבַּר סִ֔ין אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּין אֵילִ֖ם וּבֵ֣ין סִינָ֑י בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י לְצֵאתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
And they set out from Elim, and all the congregation of the sons of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departure from the land of Egypt.
Opens a new narrative unit with the itinerary formula, dating the arrival at the wilderness of Sin exactly one month after the Exodus and setting the stage for the murmuring and manna narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיִּסְעוּ֙and they set outwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָסַע (H5265)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the next event in the itineraryנָסַע (H5265) 'to pull up (tent-pegs), journey, set out'; the standard verb for breaking camp in the wilderness itinerary.
מֵֽאֵילִ֔םfrom Elimprep מִן + proper noun · אֵילִם (H362)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source of motion)אֵילִם (H362) 'Elim', a wilderness oasis station named for its אֵילִים 'great trees/terebinths' (cf. 15:27, twelve springs and seventy palms).
וַיָּבֹ֜אוּand they camewaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, go, enter'; marks arrival at the next stage of the itinerary.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of subject noun phraseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, whole, every'; in construct governs עֲדַת, 'the whole congregation.'
עֲדַ֤תcongregation ofN f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct noun (subject, first member of chain)עֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation, assembly', from יָעַד 'to appoint/meet'; the technical term for gathered Israel in the wilderness narratives.
בְּנֵֽיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun (second member of chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 'the Israelites', the standing designation of the covenant people.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙Israelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive, final member of construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) the patriarch Jacob's covenant name, designating the nation descended from him.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition governing the goal of motion
מִדְבַּרthe wilderness ofN m sg constr · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Construct noun (object of prep, head of chain)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'wilderness, steppe, pastureland'; the recurring stage-setting for Israel's testing.
סִ֔יןSinproper noun · סִין (H5512)Genitive, completing the construct chainסִין (H5512), a wilderness station between Elim and Sinai (distinct from the 'Wilderness of Sin/Zin', H6790); site of the manna's first giving.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing relative clause (modifying מִדְבַּר סִין)אֲשֶׁר (H834), the all-purpose Hebrew relative particle 'who, which, that'; here introduces a locating clause.
בֵּיןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Preposition (first member of a 'between...and' phrase)
אֵילִ֖םElimproper noun · אֵילִם (H362)Object of בֵּיןאֵילִם (H362); see word 2 — the prior station.
וּבֵ֣יןand betweenconj וְ + prep · בֵּין (H996)Coordinating conjunction + preposition (second member of phrase)
סִינָ֑יSinaiproper noun · סִינַי (H5514)Object of בֵּיןסִינַי (H5514) 'Sinai', the mountain of covenant revelation Israel is traveling toward.
בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨הon the fifthprep בְּ + art + numeral m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Temporal prepositional phrase (date formula)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; first element of the compound ordinal 'fifteenth' with עָשָׂר.
עָשָׂ֥ר-teen (fifteenth)numeral m sg abs · עָשָׂר (H6240)Second element of compound numeral (date formula)עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen', combines with חֲמִשָּׁה for 'fifteen/fifteenth' — one month to the day after the Exodus (12:2, 6).
יוֹם֙dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time (head of date phrase)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; 'the fifteenth day', dating the arrival precisely.
לַחֹ֣דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Prepositional phrase modifying the dateחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon', from חָדָשׁ 'new'; dates the manna's onset to the second month.
הַשֵּׁנִ֔יthe secondart + ordinal m sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive adjective modifying חֹדֶשׁשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; the second month after the Exodus, one month's provisions having run out.
לְצֵאתָ֖םsince their going outprep לְ + Qal inf constr + 3mp suffix · יָצָא (H3318)Temporal infinitival clause ('after they had come out')→ Infinitive construct: durative reckoning of elapsed time from a point eventיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; dates the itinerary relative to the Exodus departure, exactly one month prior.
מֵאֶ֥רֶץfrom the land ofprep מִן + N c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'; construct with מִצְרָיִם, 'the land of Egypt.'
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive completing construct chainמִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt', dual form; the land of bondage now one month behind them.
2
וילינו וַיִּלּ֜וֹנוּ כָּל עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עַל מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְעַֽל אַהֲרֹ֖ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר
And the whole congregation of the sons of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron in the wilderness.
The Kethiv/Qere pair (וילינו / וַיִּלּוֹנוּ) opens the complaint cycle; the whole congregation, not isolated individuals, is the grammatical subject, escalating the charge against Moses and Aaron.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וילינוand they murmured (Kethiv)Kethiv (unpointed) waw-consec + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · לוּן/לִין (H3885)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (Kethiv reading)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלוּן/לִין (H3885) 'to lodge; to murmur, grumble'; the consonantal Kethiv, left unpointed, traditionally read per the following Qere.
וַיִּלּ֜וֹנוּand they murmured (Qere)Qere: waw-consec + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · לוּן (H3885)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main verb, as read)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the decisive turn from journey to complaintלוּן (H3885) Niphal 'to grumble, murmur (against)'; the reading tradition governing recitation, root recurring through this chapter's complaint cycle.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of subject NP
עֲדַ֧תcongregation ofN f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct noun (chain)עֵדָה (H5712); the collective term stresses that the murmuring is corporate, not isolated.
בְּנֵיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive, subject phrase complete
עַלagainstprep · עַל (H5921)Preposition marking the object of complaint
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of עַלמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the appointed leader of the Exodus, target here (with Aaron) of Israel's grievance over hunger.
וְעַֽלand againstconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Coordinating conjunction + preposition (second object)
אַהֲרֹ֖ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Object of וְעַלאַהֲרֹן (H175), Moses' brother and the future high priest, jointly blamed as co-leader.
בַּמִּדְבָּֽרin the wildernessprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Locative prepositional phraseמִדְבָּר (H4057); the setting itself becomes the grievance ('why bring us here to die').
3
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֲלֵהֶ֜ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מִֽי יִתֵּ֨ן מוּתֵ֤נוּ בְיַד יְהוָה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּשִׁבְתֵּ֨נוּ֙ עַל סִ֣יר הַבָּשָׂ֔ר בְּאָכְלֵ֥נוּ לֶ֖חֶם לָשֹׂ֑בַע כִּֽי הוֹצֵאתֶ֤ם אֹתָ֨נוּ֙ אֶל הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לְהָמִ֛ית אֶת כָּל הַקָּהָ֥ל הַזֶּ֖ה בָּרָעָֽב
And the sons of Israel said to them, "Would that we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the pot of meat, when we ate bread to the full! For you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger."
The people's own words, framed by the optative מִי יִתֵּן, romanticize Egyptian bondage as preferable to wilderness starvation — hyperbolic rhetoric answered point by point in vv.6-8.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּand they saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces direct speech)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the standard speech-formula verb.
אֲלֵהֶ֜םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object (addressee)
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun (subject)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing subject
מִֽיwhointerrogative pronoun · מִי (H4310)Idiomatic optative particle (מִי יִתֵּן, 'would that')מִי (H4310) 'who?'; paired with יִתֵּן in the fixed idiom מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give' = 'would that, oh that' — a wish for an unrealized state.
יִתֵּ֨ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate of optative idiom מִי יִתֵּן→ Yiqtol: modal/optative — a wish, not a real request for an agent to giveנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; in the idiom מִי יִתֵּן the verb has lost concrete sense and simply marks a wish, 'would that.'
מוּתֵ֤נוּour dyingQal inf constr + 1cp suffix · מוּת (H4191)Subject/complement of the optative idiom ('that we had died')→ Infinitive construct functioning as a verbal noun: the wished-for event itselfמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; the infinitive-with-suffix nominalizes the verb — the people wish they had died in Egypt rather than starve here.
בְיַדby the hand ofprep בְּ + N c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Instrumental prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'; 'by the hand of YHWH' is idiomatic for direct divine agency — better a quick divine death than slow starvation, in their rhetoric.
יְהוָה֙the LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing construct ('hand of the LORD')יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God (Tetragrammaton), traditionally read Adonai.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep בְּ + N c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prepositional phrase
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive completing construct
בְּשִׁבְתֵּ֨נוּ֙when we satprep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 1cp suffix · יָשַׁב (H3427)Temporal infinitival clause→ Infinitive construct: circumstantial/temporal, a remembered repeated situationיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell'; 'in our sitting' = 'when we sat/dwelt (by the pot).'
עַלbyprep · עַל (H5921)Preposition marking location
סִ֣ירthe pot ofN c sg constr · סִיר (H5518)Construct noun (object of עַל)סִיר (H5518) 'pot, cauldron'; a concrete, nostalgic image of Egyptian abundance contrasted with wilderness hunger.
הַבָּשָׂ֔רthe meatart + N m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Genitive completing construct ('pot of meat')בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, meat'; ironically the very craving YHWH will supply with quail (v.13).
בְּאָכְלֵ֥נוּwhen we ateprep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 1cp suffix · אָכַל (H398)Temporal infinitival clause→ Infinitive construct: circumstantial/temporal, remembered habitual actionאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; parallel to בְּשִׁבְתֵּנוּ, forming a two-fold nostalgic recollection of Egypt's food.
לֶ֖חֶםbreadN c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object of בְּאָכְלֵנוּלֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread, food' (generic for sustenance); the same word will name the manna itself (v.4, 15).
לָשֹׂ֑בַעto satiety, our fillprep לְ + N m sg abs · שֹׂבַע (H7648)Adverbial prepositional phrase of result/manner ('to the full')שֹׂבַע (H7648) 'satiety, fullness', from שָׂבַע 'to be sated'; recalls Egypt as a place of abundance, however servile.
כִּֽיfor, becauseconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction introducing the accusationכִּי (H3588) 'for, because, that'; here causal, grounding the complaint.
הוֹצֵאתֶ֤םyou have brought outHiphil perf 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (accusatory main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act now viewed as the cause of present sufferingיָצָא (H3318) Hiphil 'to bring/lead out'; the same causative verb used of the Exodus deliverance (12:51), now thrown back at Moses and Aaron as accusation.
אֹתָ֨נוּ֙usobj marker + 1cp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object, 1cp)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with pronominal suffix marking 'us' as direct object of הוֹצֵאתֶם.
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking goal
הַמִּדְבָּ֣רthe wildernessart + N m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Object of אֶל
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + demonstrative m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַמִּדְבָּרזֶה (H2088) 'this'; near-deictic demonstrative, pointing at their present, bitterly-felt surroundings.
לְהָמִ֛יתto killprep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · מוּת (H4191)Purpose infinitival clause ('in order to kill')→ Infinitive construct with לְ: purpose — the alleged intended outcome of the exodusמוּת (H4191) Hiphil 'to cause to die, kill'; same root as מוּתֵנוּ above, the people's rhetoric turning their wished-for death into an accusation.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כָּלall, the wholeN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of object NP
הַקָּהָ֥לthe assemblyart + N m sg abs · קָהָל (H6951)Genitive completing construct ('the whole assembly')קָהָל (H6951) 'assembly, congregation', from קהל 'to summon, convoke'; near-synonym of עֵדָה, for rhetorical emphasis on totality.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + demonstrative m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַקָּהָל
בָּרָעָֽבwith hungerprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Adverbial prepositional phrase (instrument/means)רָעָב (H7458) 'hunger, famine'; the accusation names the precise mechanism of the imagined death — starvation.
4
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מַמְטִ֥יר לָכֶ֛ם לֶ֖חֶם מִן הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְיָצָ֨א הָעָ֤ם וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ דְּבַר י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ לְמַ֧עַן אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ בְּתוֹרָתִ֖י אִם לֹֽא
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you, and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may test them, whether they will walk in my law or not."
YHWH's reply pivots the narrative from complaint to provision; the purpose clause לְמַעַן אֲנַסֶּנּוּ reveals that the daily-bread regimen is fundamentally pedagogical, testing obedience to an unwritten תוֹרָה before Sinai.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces divine speech)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — divine response to the complaint
יְהוָה֙the LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of אֶל
הִנְנִ֨יbehold, I am about topresentative particle + 1cs suffix · הִנֵּה (H2005)Presentative particle introducing imminent divine actionהִנֵּה (H2005) 'behold'; with 1cs suffix הִנְנִי dramatizes imminence — 'here I am, about to...' — regularly prefacing decisive divine announcements.
מַמְטִ֥ירabout to rain downHiphil ptc m sg abs · מָטַר (H4305)Predicate participle with הִנְנִי (imminent future)→ Participle: imminent/durative future action, vividly presented as already underwayמָטַר (H4305) Hiphil 'to cause to rain, rain down'; normally of literal rain, here transferred to the miraculous 'raining' of bread.
לָכֶ֛םfor youprep לְ + 2mp suffix (bound prep, no independent Strong's #) · לְIndirect object (beneficiary)
לֶ֖חֶםbreadN c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object of מַמְטִירלֶחֶם (H3899); see v.3 — here specifically the miraculous 'bread from heaven', the manna.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Preposition marking source
הַשָּׁמָ֑יִםthe heavensart + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Object of מִןשָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens, sky'; the bread's heavenly origin underlines it as pure divine gift, later echoed as 'bread of heaven' (Ps 78:24).
וְיָצָ֨אand shall go outwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Weqatal continuing the sequence of future instructions→ Weqatal: continuation of a future/instructional sequence begun by מַמְטִיריָצָא (H3318); here of the people going out (of their tents) to gather, not of exodus.
הָעָ֤םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of וְיָצָאעַם (H5971) 'people, nation'; collective subject for the daily gathering that follows.
וְלָֽקְטוּ֙and shall gatherwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 3cp · לָקַט (H3950)Weqatal continuing the instructional sequence→ Weqatal: continuation of future instruction — the ongoing daily discipline of gatheringלָקַט (H3950) 'to gather, pick up (esp. gleanings)'; the chapter's key verb for collecting manna, repeated through vv.4-27.
דְּבַרthe portion ofN m sg constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct noun heading an adverbial-accusative time phraseדָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing, matter'; idiomatically 'the matter/amount of a day' — דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ, 'a day's portion on its day.'
י֣וֹםa day'sN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive completing construct ('matter of a day')
בְּיוֹמ֔וֹon its dayprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial prepositional phrase (distributive, 'day by day')יוֹם (H3117); the distributive idiom דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ, 'each day's matter on its own day' — no hoarding, daily dependence.
לְמַ֧עַןso that, in order thatconj · לְמַעַן (H4616)Purpose conjunction introducing final clauseלְמַעַן (H4616) 'for the sake of, in order that'; introduces the theological purpose of the daily-gathering regimen — testing.
אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּI may test himPiel impf 1cs + 3ms suffix · נָסָה (H5254)Predicate of purpose clause (final imperfect)→ Yiqtol (volitional/purpose): the tested outcome the daily rule is designed to revealנָסָה (H5254) Piel 'to test, try'; the manna's daily-only supply is explicitly a moral test of obedience/trust, not merely provision.
הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְwhether he will walkinterrog הֲ + Qal impf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980/H3212)Indirect question (content of the testing)→ Yiqtol: modal/future — the uncertain outcome under testהָלַךְ (H1980, by-form יָלַךְ H3212) 'to walk, go'; figuratively 'to walk in' a law/teaching = to live by it, obey it.
בְּתוֹרָתִ֖יin my lawprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 1cs suffix · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Adverbial prepositional phrase (sphere of the test)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'instruction, law', from יָרָה 'to teach/direct'; these manna instructions function as a proto-torah testing obedience before Sinai's Torah proper.
אִםorconj · אִם (H518)Disjunctive conjunction ('whether...or')אִם (H518) 'if'; paired with הֲ in an alternative/indirect question, 'whether...or not.'
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the elided verb ('or not [walk]')
5
וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י וְהֵכִ֖ינוּ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר יָבִ֑יאוּ וְהָיָ֣ה מִשְׁנֶ֔ה עַ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר יִלְקְט֖וּ י֥וֹם יֽוֹם
And it shall be, on the sixth day, when they prepare what they bring in, it shall be twice as much as they gather daily.
A parenthetical stipulation anticipating the Sabbath (fully explained only in vv.22-30), establishing the double portion in advance of the narrative that will illustrate it.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהָיָה֙and it shall bewaw-conj + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Weqatal introducing a future/habitual instruction→ Weqatal: continuation of the instructional future — a recurring stipulationהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; the weqatal formula וְהָיָה regularly introduces a future case/stipulation, 'and it shall be that...'
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase
הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔יthe sixthart + ordinal m sg abs · שִׁשִּׁי (H8345)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹםשִׁשִּׁי (H8345) 'sixth', ordinal from שֵׁשׁ 'six'; the day of double gathering, preparing for the Sabbath.
וְהֵכִ֖ינוּand they shall preparewaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 3cp · כּוּן (H3559)Weqatal continuing the instruction→ Weqatal: continuation of future instruction — deliberate advance preparationכּוּן (H3559) Hiphil 'to prepare, make ready, establish'; the double portion requires prior processing (cf. v.23) before the Sabbath.
אֵ֣ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
אֲשֶׁרwhatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause functioning as the object of וְהֵכִינוּ
יָבִ֑יאוּthey bring inHiphil impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate of the relative clause ('what they bring in')→ Yiqtol: habitual/durative — the daily act of bringing in the gathered portionבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring in'; causative of the coming/gathering verb, of processing the day's harvest of manna.
וְהָיָ֣הand it shall bewaw-conj + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Weqatal introducing the result clause→ Weqatal: continuation of the future stipulationהָיָה (H1961); see above — introduces the resulting quantity.
מִשְׁנֶ֔הdouble, twice as muchN m sg abs · מִשְׁנֶה (H4932)Predicate nominative ('it shall be double')מִשְׁנֶה (H4932) 'double portion, copy, second', from שָׁנָה II 'to repeat/double'; the technical term for the Sabbath-eve double gathering, reused in v.22.
עַ֥לbeyond, more thanprep · עַל (H5921)Comparative preposition ('more than')
אֲשֶֽׁרwhatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause as object of עַל (comparative complement)
יִלְקְט֖וּthey gatherQal impf 3mp · לָקַט (H3950)Predicate of relative clause→ Yiqtol: habitual/durative — the ordinary daily gathering amountלָקַט (H3950); see v.4 — the baseline daily amount against which the sixth day's double is measured.
י֥וֹםdayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative (distributive, first of pair)
יֽוֹםby dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative (distributive repetition, 'day by day')The repeated יוֹם יוֹם is a distributive idiom, 'day by day, daily.'
6
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן אֶֽל כָּל בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עֶ֕רֶב וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֧י יְהוָ֛ה הוֹצִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
So Moses and Aaron said to all the sons of Israel, "At evening you shall know that the LORD brought you out of the land of Egypt,
Moses and Aaron relay YHWH's word, structuring the day: evening will prove YHWH's exodus-deliverance, morning his glory — turning the people's accusation back toward its true target.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁה֙Mosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject (first of compound subject)
וְאַהֲרֹ֔ןand Aaronconj וְ + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Coordinate subject (second of compound subject)
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head
בְּנֵ֖יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing object of אֶל
עֶ֕רֶבat eveningN m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Adverbial accusative of time (fronted for emphasis)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; here without preposition, functioning adverbially — 'at evening,' fronted before the verb it modifies (וִידַעְתֶּם).
וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕םthen you will knowwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Weqatal continuing the announcement (apodosis-like result)→ Weqatal: continuation of the future announcement — a promised recognitionיָדַע (H3045) 'to know, recognize'; the sign (quail, then manna) is designed to produce experiential knowledge that YHWH — not Moses — delivered them.
כִּ֧יthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Complementizer introducing object clause of וִידַעְתֶּם
יְהוָ֛הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of הוֹצִיא
הוֹצִ֥יאbrought outHiphil perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb of the כִּי-clause→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of deliverance, the ground of the promised recognitionיָצָא (H3318) Hiphil; the deliverance itself, here reasserted as YHWH's (not Moses') doing, directly rebutting the people's accusation in v.3.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + 2mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
מֵאֶ֥רֶץfrom the land ofprep מִן + N c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive completing construct
7
וּבֹ֗קֶר וּרְאִיתֶם֙ אֶת כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה בְּשָׁמְע֥וֹ אֶת תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶ֖ם עַל יְהוָ֑ה וְנַ֣חְנוּ מָ֔ה כִּ֥י תלונו תַלִּ֖ינוּ עָלֵֽינוּ
and in the morning you shall see the glory of the LORD, because he has heard your murmurings against the LORD. For what are we, that you murmur against us?"
The rhetorical question וְנַחְנוּ מָה ('what are we?') deflects blame from the human leaders to YHWH himself, the actual object of the murmuring.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וּבֹ֗קֶרand in the morningconj וְ + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Adverbial accusative of time (paired with עֶרֶב of v.6)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'; paired with עֶרֶב (v.6) to bracket the full day's revelation — meat at evening implied, glory at morning.
וּרְאִיתֶם֙and you will seewaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Weqatal continuing the future announcement→ Weqatal: continuation of the future promise — a visible sign to followרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; the promised vision of divine כָּבוֹד confirms the message just given.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כְּב֣וֹדthe glory ofN c sg constr · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct noun (direct object)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'glory, weight, honor', from כָּבֵד 'to be heavy'; the visible manifestation of YHWH's presence (v.10's cloud-glory).
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing construct
בְּשָׁמְע֥וֹbecause he has heardprep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 3ms suffix · שָׁמַע (H8085)Causal infinitival clause ('in his hearing' = because he heard)→ Infinitive construct: causal — grounds the coming vision of gloryשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'; God's hearing of the complaint is the stated cause of the sign that follows.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶ֖םyour murmuringsN f pl constr + 2mp suffix · תְּלוּנָּה (H8519)Direct object of בְּשָׁמְעוֹתְּלוּנָּה (H8519) 'murmuring, complaint', from לוּן/לִין (H3885); a rare noun occurring almost exclusively in this narrative cycle.
עַלagainstprep · עַל (H5921)Preposition marking the object of complaint
יְהוָ֑הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of עַל
וְנַ֣חְנוּand as for usconj וְ + independent pronoun 1cp · נַחְנוּ (H5168)Casus pendens / emphatic subject of nominal clauseנַחְנוּ (H5168), archaic-poetic variant of אֲנַחְנוּ 'we'; fronted for rhetorical emphasis, 'and we — what are we?'
מָ֔הwhatinterrogative pronoun · מָה (H4100)Predicate of the nominal questionמָה (H4100) 'what?'; rhetorical self-deprecation — Moses and Aaron deflect the complaint from themselves to YHWH.
כִּ֥יthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Conjunction introducing the reason/result clause
תלונוyou murmur (Kethiv)Kethiv (unpointed): Niphal impf 2mp · לוּן (H3885)Predicate verb, Kethiv reading→ Yiqtol: durative — an ongoing pattern of complaintלוּן (H3885); the consonantal Kethiv, superseded in reading by the Qere תַלִּינוּ that follows.
תַלִּ֖ינוּyou murmur (Qere)Qere: Hiphil impf 2mp · לוּן/לִין (H3885)Predicate verb, as read (main clause)→ Yiqtol: durative — the reading tradition's form of the ongoing complaintלוּן (H3885) Hiphil 'to cause murmuring, murmur'; the traditional reading, paralleling תְלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם above.
עָלֵֽינוּagainst usprep עַל + 1cp suffix · עַל (H5921)Prepositional complement of תַלִּינוּ
8
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה בְּתֵ֣ת יְהוָה֩ לָכֶ֨ם בָּעֶ֜רֶב בָּשָׂ֣ר לֶאֱכֹ֗ל וְלֶ֤חֶם בַּבֹּ֨קֶר֙ לִשְׂבֹּ֔עַ בִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ יְהוָה֙ אֶת תְּלֻנֹּ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּ֥ם מַלִּינִ֖ם עָלָ֑יו וְנַ֣חְנוּ מָ֔ה לֹא עָלֵ֥ינוּ תְלֻנֹּתֵיכֶ֖ם כִּ֥י עַל יְהוָֽה
And Moses said, "This shall be when the LORD gives you in the evening meat to eat and in the morning bread to the full, because the LORD has heard your murmurings which you murmur against him. And what are we? Your murmurings are not against us but against the LORD."
Moses restates and intensifies the point of v.7 with fuller detail (evening meat, morning bread) and a third repetition of תְלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם, closing with the emphatic כִּי עַל יְהוָה, 'but against the LORD.'
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
בְּתֵ֣תwhen...givesprep בְּ + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Temporal infinitival clause ('in the LORD's giving')→ Infinitive construct: temporal — sets the future occasion of fulfillmentנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the infinitive construct frames the whole verse as elaborating the promised evening/morning provision.
יְהוָה֩the LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of the infinitival clause
לָכֶ֨םto youprep לְ + 2mp suffix (bound prep, no independent Strong's #) · לְIndirect object of בְּתֵת
בָּעֶ֜רֶבin the eveningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Temporal prepositional phrase
בָּשָׂ֣רmeatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object of בְּתֵתבָּשָׂר (H1320); see v.3 — here fulfillment of the craved food, the quail.
לֶאֱכֹ֗לto eatprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָכַל (H398)Purpose/epexegetical infinitival clause modifying בָּשָׂר→ Infinitive construct with לְ: purpose — meat given for the purpose of eatingאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; here epexegetical, specifying the intended use of the evening meat.
וְלֶ֤חֶםand breadconj וְ + N c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Coordinate direct object of בְּתֵת
בַּבֹּ֨קֶר֙in the morningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Temporal prepositional phrase
לִשְׂבֹּ֔עַto the fullprep לְ + Qal inf constr · שָׂבַע (H7646)Purpose/epexegetical infinitival clause modifying לֶחֶם→ Infinitive construct with לְ: purpose/result — bread given to produce satietyשָׂבַע (H7646) 'to be satisfied, full'; parallels שֹׂבַע (v.3), completing the reversal of the people's hunger complaint.
בִּשְׁמֹ֤עַwhen...hearsprep בְּ + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Causal infinitival clause ('in the LORD's hearing' = because he has heard)→ Infinitive construct: causal — grounds the provision in v.6-7's hearing of the complaintשָׁמַע (H8085); see v.7 — the second causal ground, matching בְּשָׁמְעוֹ there.
יְהוָה֙the LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of the infinitival clause
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
תְּלֻנֹּ֣תֵיכֶ֔םyour murmuringsN f pl constr + 2mp suffix · תְּלוּנָּה (H8519)Direct objectתְּלוּנָּה (H8519); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause modifying תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם
אַתֶּ֥םyouindependent pronoun 2mp · אַתֶּם (H859)Emphatic subject (resumptive within relative clause)אַתֶּם (H859) 'you (mp)'; emphatic independent pronoun reinforcing the subject already implied in the verb, stressing 'you yourselves.'
מַלִּינִ֖םmurmuringHiphil ptc m pl abs · לוּן (H3885; cross-listed H8519 form)Predicate participle (durative, 'you are murmuring')→ Participle: durative/characterizing — an ongoing, characteristic complaintלוּן (H3885) Hiphil participle 'murmuring'; note the noun תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶם (H8519) and this participle share the same consonantal root, tightly binding accusation to evidence.
עָלָ֑יוagainst himprep עַל + 3ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Prepositional complement of מַלִּינִם (referring to יְהוָה)
וְנַ֣חְנוּand as for usconj וְ + independent pronoun 1cp · נַחְנוּ (H5168)Casus pendens / emphatic subject
מָ֔הwhatinterrogative pronoun · מָה (H4100)Predicate of nominal question
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following predication
עָלֵ֥ינוּagainst usprep עַל + 1cp suffix · עַל (H5921)Predicate prepositional phrase ('[are] not against us')
תְלֻנֹּתֵיכֶ֖םyour murmuringsN f pl constr + 2mp suffix · תְּלוּנָּה (H8519)Subject of the negated nominal clauseתְּלוּנָּה (H8519); the third occurrence, structuring Moses' entire rebuttal around this key noun.
כִּ֥יbut ratherconj · כִּי (H3588)Adversative/asseverative conjunction ('but against the LORD')כִּי (H3588) here adversative after a negation, 'but rather' — the common Hebrew construction לֹא...כִּי.
עַלagainstprep · עַל (H5921)Preposition marking true object of complaint
יְהוָֽהthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of עַל (climactic restatement)
9
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל אַהֲרֹ֔ן אֱמֹ֗ר אֶֽל כָּל עֲדַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל קִרְב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע אֵ֖ת תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶֽם
Then Moses said to Aaron, "Say to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, 'Come near before the LORD, for he has heard your murmurings.'"
Moses instructs Aaron to summon Israel formally before YHWH's presence, preparing the theophany of v.10.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁה֙Mosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
אַהֲרֹ֔ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Object of אֶל
אֱמֹ֗רsayQal impv 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Imperative (command to Aaron)→ Volitional: direct command
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head
עֲדַת֙congregation ofN f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct noun
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing object of אֶל
קִרְב֖וּcome nearQal impv 2mp · קָרַב (H7126)Imperative (quoted command to the people)→ Volitional: direct command — summons to approach the divine presenceקָרַב (H7126) 'to come near, approach'; often of cultic approach to God's presence, appropriate before the appearing כָּבוֹד (v.10).
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase ('before the LORD')פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; לִפְנֵי 'before, in the presence of' is a fixed compound preposition.
יְהוָ֑הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of לִפְנֵי
כִּ֣יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction
שָׁמַ֔עhe has heardQal perf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: a completed act — grounds the summonsשָׁמַע (H8085); see vv.7-8 — restated ground for approaching.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
תְּלֻנֹּתֵיכֶֽםyour murmuringsN f pl constr + 2mp suffix · תְּלוּנָּה (H8519)Direct object of שָׁמַעתְּלוּנָּה (H8519); the fourth occurrence in this cycle.
10
וַיְהִ֗י כְּדַבֵּ֤ר אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל כָּל עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּפְנ֖וּ אֶל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה נִרְאָ֖ה בֶּעָנָֽן
And as Aaron spoke to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, they turned toward the wilderness, and behold, the glory of the LORD appeared in the cloud.
As Aaron speaks, the people's turn toward the wilderness and the sudden appearing of the כָּבוֹד in the cloud fulfill the promise of v.7 within the same scene.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיְהִ֗יand it happenedwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol introducing a temporal clause ('and it came about')→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, temporal frameהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, happen'; וַיְהִי is the standard narrative formula introducing a new scene/temporal clause.
כְּדַבֵּ֤רas...spokeprep כְּ + Piel inf constr · דָּבַר (H1696)Temporal infinitival clause ('as Aaron was speaking')→ Infinitive construct: temporal — simultaneous with the main actionדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; the infinitive with כְּ marks simultaneity, 'as/while Aaron was speaking.'
אַהֲרֹן֙Aaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subject of the infinitive
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head
עֲדַ֣תcongregation ofN f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct noun
בְּנֵֽיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing object of אֶל
וַיִּפְנ֖וּthey turnedwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּנָה (H6437)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּנָה (H6437) 'to turn, face'; the people turn expectantly toward the wilderness at the sound of Aaron's words.
אֶלtowardprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking goal
הַמִּדְבָּ֑רthe wildernessart + N m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Object of אֶל
וְהִנֵּה֙and beholdconj וְ + presentative particle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle introducing a vivid perceptionהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold, lo'; marks a dramatic shift to the viewpoint of the onlookers as the glory appears.
כְּב֣וֹדthe glory ofN c sg constr · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Subject, construct head
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing construct
נִרְאָ֖הappearedNiphal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause, following הִנֵּה)→ Perfective (stative-resultative): a completed appearing, presented vividly via הִנֵּה as unfolding before the eyesרָאָה (H7200) Niphal 'to appear, be seen', passive/reflexive of 'to see'; the glory becomes visually manifest, confirming vv.6-7's promise.
בֶּעָנָֽןin the cloudprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עָנָן (H6051)Locative prepositional phraseעָנָן (H6051) 'cloud'; the recurring medium of the divine כָּבוֹד's visible presence (cf. 13:21; 40:34).
11
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
A fresh formulaic introduction (וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה...לֵאמֹר) signals a new, more detailed divine oracle to Moses, distinct from what was mediated through Aaron.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand spokewaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces divine speech formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; the formal formula וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר introduces new divine legislation/instruction.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of אֶל
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival clause introducing direct quotation→ Infinitive construct: introduces reported speech, 'saying'אָמַר (H559); the infinitive לֵאמֹר is the standard quotative frame opening direct discourse.
12
שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶת תְּלוּנֹּת֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ דַּבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר בֵּ֤ין הָֽעַרְבַּ֨יִם֙ תֹּאכְל֣וּ בָשָׂ֔ר וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר תִּשְׂבְּעוּ לָ֑חֶם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם
"I have heard the murmurings of the sons of Israel. Speak to them, saying, 'At twilight you shall eat meat, and in the morning you shall be filled with bread, and you shall know that I am the LORD your God.'"
YHWH speaks in the first person, confirming he has heard, and gives Moses the actual wording to relay — meat at twilight, bread in the morning, and the recognition formula אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
שָׁמַ֗עְתִּיI have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause, divine speech)→ Perfective: a completed act — God's own confirmation of hearing (echoing vv.7-9)שָׁמַע (H8085); now spoken in the first person by YHWH himself, sealing what Moses had reported.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
תְּלוּנֹּת֮the murmurings ofN f pl constr · תְּלוּנָּה (H8519)Direct object, construct headתְּלוּנָּה (H8519); fifth occurrence, here in God's own mouth.
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun
יִשְׂרָאֵל֒Israelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing construct
דַּבֵּ֨רspeakPiel impv 2ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Imperative (command to Moses)→ Volitional: direct command
אֲלֵהֶ֜םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object of דַּבֵּר
לֵאמֹ֗רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival clause introducing quotation→ Infinitive construct: quotative frame
בֵּ֤יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Preposition (idiom בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם)
הָֽעַרְבַּ֨יִם֙the two evenings, twilightart + N m dual abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of בֵּין (temporal idiom)עֶרֶב (H6153) dual עַרְבַּיִם; בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם 'between the (two) evenings' is the technical time for the Passover lamb (12:6) and here for the evening meat.
תֹּאכְל֣וּyou shall eatQal impf 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (future/promissory)→ Yiqtol: future — the promised provision
בָשָׂ֔רmeatN m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object
וּבַבֹּ֖קֶרand in the morningconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Temporal prepositional phrase
תִּשְׂבְּעוּyou shall be filledQal impf 2mp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (future/promissory)→ Yiqtol: future — the promised satietyשָׂבַע (H7646); see v.8.
לָ֑חֶםwith breadN c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Adverbial accusative of means/content
וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕םand you shall knowwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Weqatal continuing the promise (result)→ Weqatal: continuation of the future promise
כִּ֛יthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Complementizer
אֲנִ֥יIindependent pronoun 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject of the nominal self-identification clauseאֲנִי (H589) 'I'; the emphatic self-declaration formula אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם echoes covenant self-introduction formulas (cf. 20:2).
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate
אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽםyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Predicate nominative, apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430); here in construct with 2mp suffix, 'your God', sealing the covenant self-identification.
13
וַיְהִ֣י בָעֶ֔רֶב וַתַּ֣עַל הַשְּׂלָ֔ו וַתְּכַ֖ס אֶת הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וּבַבֹּ֗קֶר הָֽיְתָה֙ שִׁכְבַ֣ת הַטַּ֔ל סָבִ֖יב לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה
And it happened in the evening that quail came up and covered the camp, and in the morning there was a layer of dew around the camp.
The narrative reports the same-day fulfillment of v.12's promise: quail that evening, then a mysterious dew the following morning — priming the manna's discovery in vv.14-15.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol introducing a temporal clause→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, temporal frame
בָעֶ֔רֶבin the eveningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Temporal prepositional phrase
וַתַּ֣עַלand came upwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · עָלָה (H5927)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'to go up, ascend'; here of the quail flock's sudden covering ascent/arrival.
הַשְּׂלָ֔וthe quailart + N f sg abs · שְׂלָו (H7958)Subject of וַתַּעַלשְׂלָו (H7958) 'quail', a collective singular for the migratory flock (Coturnix coturnix) that periodically swarms the Sinai coastlands — the meat YHWH promised in vv.8, 12.
וַתְּכַ֖סand coveredwaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs · כָּסָה (H3680)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּסָה (H3680) Piel 'to cover'; the quail 'covers' the camp — a vivid image of overwhelming abundance.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑הthe campart + N c sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Direct object of וַתְּכַסמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp', from חָנָה 'to encamp'; the whole Israelite encampment covered by the quail.
וּבַבֹּ֗קֶרand in the morningconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Temporal prepositional phrase
הָֽיְתָה֙there wasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (existential)→ Perfective: a completed state observed the next morning
שִׁכְבַ֣תa layer ofN f sg constr · שִׁכְבָה (H7902)Subject (construct head)שִׁכְבָה (H7902) 'layer, lying (down)', from שָׁכַב 'to lie down'; a rare term for a deposited layer, here of dew (and again of frost-like manna in v.14).
הַטַּ֔לthe dewart + N m sg abs · טַל (H2919)Genitive completing constructטַל (H2919) 'dew'; the nightly moisture that, upon evaporating, discloses the manna beneath it (v.14).
סָבִ֖יבaroundN/adv m sg abs used adverbially · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative (locative, 'surrounding')סָבִיב (H5439) 'surroundings, around'; functions adverbially, 'all around the camp.'
לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽהthe campprep לְ + art + N c sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Prepositional phrase completing סָבִיב
14
וַתַּ֖עַל שִׁכְבַ֣ת הַטָּ֑ל וְהִנֵּ֞ה עַל פְּנֵ֤י הַמִּדְבָּר֙ דַּ֣ק מְחֻסְפָּ֔ס דַּ֥ק כַּכְּפֹ֖ר עַל הָאָֽרֶץ
And when the layer of dew went up, behold, on the surface of the wilderness was a fine, flake-like thing, fine as frost on the ground.
As the dew evaporates, the manna is revealed as a fine, flaky, frost-like substance on the ground — described phenomenologically before it is even named.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתַּ֖עַלand went upwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · עָלָה (H5927)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927); here of the dew-layer lifting/evaporating, uncovering what lies beneath.
שִׁכְבַ֣תlayer ofN f sg constr · שִׁכְבָה (H7902)Subject (construct head)
הַטָּ֑לthe dewart + N m sg abs · טַל (H2919)Genitive completing construct
וְהִנֵּ֞הand beholdconj וְ + presentative particle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle introducing a vivid discovery
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative preposition
פְּנֵ֤יthe surface ofN c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct noun, object of עַלפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct עַל־פְּנֵי 'upon the surface/face of.'
הַמִּדְבָּר֙the wildernessart + N m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Genitive completing construct
דַּ֣קa fine (thing)adjective m sg abs (substantival) · דַּק (H1851)Subject (nominal clause, 'there was a fine flake-thing')דַּק (H1851) 'thin, fine, small', from דָּקַק 'to crush fine'; describes the manna's delicate, granular texture.
מְחֻסְפָּ֔סscale-like, flake-likePual/Hitpael-passive ptc m sg abs · חָסַף (H2636)Attributive participle modifying דַּק→ Participle (passive/stative): describes an inherent visual quality — scaly/flaky in appearanceחָסַף (H2636), rare root related to 'bark, scale, husk'; the passive participle pictures a frost-like, flaky surface.
דַּ֥קfineadjective m sg abs · דַּק (H1851)Repeated predicate adjective, emphatic ('fine, fine as frost')The repetition of דַּק brackets מְחֻסְפָּס for emphasis on the fineness of the substance.
כַּכְּפֹ֖רlike frostprep כְּ + art + N m sg abs · כְּפוֹר (H3713)Comparative prepositional phraseכְּפוֹר (H3713) 'frost, hoarfrost'; the simile fixes the manna's appearance as white, granular, ground-frost-like.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative preposition
הָאָֽרֶץthe groundart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of עַל
15
וַיִּרְא֣וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל אָחִיו֙ מָ֣ן ה֔וּא כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ מַה ה֑וּא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם ה֣וּא הַלֶּ֔חֶם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה
When the sons of Israel saw it, they said to one another, "What is it?" — for they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, "It is the bread which the LORD has given you to eat."
Israel's bewildered question מָן הוּא, 'what is it?', becomes (by popular etymology) the very name of the substance (v.31); Moses immediately supplies its theological identity as 'the bread the LORD has given.'
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיִּרְא֣וּand they sawwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
בְנֵֽיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun (subject)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing subject
וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּand they saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
אִ֤ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive subject ('each one', half of אִישׁ אֶל אָחִיו idiom)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; in the reciprocal idiom אִישׁ אֶל אָחִיו, 'each to his brother/one another.'
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking reciprocal object
אָחִיו֙his brotherN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אָח (H251)Object of אֶל, completing reciprocal idiomאָח (H251) 'brother'; אִישׁ...אָחִיו is the standard Hebrew reciprocal, 'one another.'
מָ֣ןwhat?interrogative particle (Aramaic-type) · מָן (H4478)Predicate of the exclamatory questionמָן (H4478) an interrogative 'what?' (cf. Aramaic מָן); the question מָן הוּא 'what is it?' becomes, by popular etymology, the very name of the substance — מָן 'manna' (v.31).
ה֔וּאit (is)independent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of the nominal question
כִּ֛יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates יָדְעוּ
יָדְע֖וּthey knewQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: a completed (negated) state — their ignorance explaining the question
מַהwhatinterrogative pronoun · מָה (H4100)Predicate of embedded question ('what it was')
ה֑וּאitindependent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of embedded question
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁה֙Mosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
אֲלֵהֶ֔םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object
ה֣וּאitindependent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of Moses' identifying nominal clause
הַלֶּ֔חֶםthe breadart + N c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Predicate nominativeלֶחֶם (H3899); Moses now names the mysterious substance with the everyday word for 'food/bread', resolving the people's puzzled question.
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun
נָתַ֧ןhas givenQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act of divine giving
יְהוָ֛הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
לָכֶ֖םto youprep לְ + 2mp suffix (bound prep) · לְIndirect object of נָתַן
לְאָכְלָֽהto eat, for foodprep לְ + N f sg abs · אָכְלָה (H402)Purpose prepositional phraseאָכְלָה (H402) 'food, eating', from אָכַל; לְאָכְלָה 'for eating/food' states the manna's purpose plainly.
16
זֶ֤ה הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה לִקְט֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ אִ֖ישׁ לְפִ֣י אָכְל֑וֹ עֹ֣מֶר לַגֻּלְגֹּ֗לֶת מִסְפַּר֙ נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אִ֛ישׁ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאָהֳל֖וֹ תִּקָּֽחוּ
This is the thing which the LORD has commanded: "Gather of it, every man, according to what he can eat; an omer per head, according to the number of your persons; each man shall take for those who are in his tent."
Moses relays YHWH's detailed rationing law — an omer per person — introducing the test of obedience already flagged in v.4.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
זֶ֤הthisdemonstrative pronoun m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject of nominal clause
הַדָּבָר֙the thing, the wordart + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Predicate nominativeדָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing, matter'; introducing a formal command, 'this is the thing that the LORD has commanded.'
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun
צִוָּ֣הhas commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, authoritative act of commandצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command, charge'; introduces the formal gathering-regulation that follows.
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
לִקְט֣וּgatherQal impv 2mp · לָקַט (H3950)Imperative (direct command, content of the דָּבָר)→ Volitional: direct command
מִמֶּ֔נּוּfrom itprep מִן + suffix · מִן (H4480)Prepositional complement of לִקְטוּ (partitive, 'of it')
אִ֖ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive apposition to the implied subject ('each one')אִישׁ (H376); distributive, 'each man [is to gather]...'
לְפִ֣יaccording toprep לְ + N m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Prepositional phrase of measure/proportionפֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'; לְפִי idiomatically 'according to, in proportion to' (lit. 'to the mouth of').
אָכְל֑וֹhis eatingN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אֹכֶל (H400)Genitive completing לְפִי ('according to his eating/consumption')אֹכֶל (H400) 'food, eating capacity'; the ration is proportioned to each person's need.
עֹ֣מֶרan omerN m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Adverbial accusative of measure (apposition to the ration)עֹמֶר (H6016) 'omer', a dry measure (defined in v.36 as a tenth of an ephah, roughly 2.2 liters); the fixed per-head daily ration.
לַגֻּלְגֹּ֗לֶתper headprep לְ + art + N f sg abs · גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (H1538)Distributive prepositional phraseגֻּלְגֹּלֶת (H1538) 'skull, head'; used distributively for 'per person', as in census contexts (cf. 38:26).
מִסְפַּר֙the number ofN m sg constr · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Construct noun heading an appositional phraseמִסְפָּר (H4557) 'number, count', from סָפַר 'to count.'
נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔םyour personsN c pl constr + 2mp suffix · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Genitive completing constructנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life, person'; here simply 'individuals, persons' for census/ration purposes.
אִ֛ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive subject (resumed)
לַאֲשֶׁ֥רfor those whoprep לְ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Prepositional phrase governing a relative clause ('for whoever is in his tent')
בְּאָהֳל֖וֹin his tentprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אֹהֶל (H168)Locative prepositional phrase within the relative clauseאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; each gatherer collects on behalf of his own household/tent.
תִּקָּֽחוּyou shall takeQal impf 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperatival future, closing the command)→ Yiqtol used with imperatival force: the binding instructionלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; concludes the ration rule — collect, then take/apportion for those in one's tent.
17
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵ֖ן בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּלְקְט֔וּ הַמַּרְבֶּ֖ה וְהַמַּמְעִֽיט
And the sons of Israel did so, and they gathered, some more, some less.
A terse compliance notice; the people gather in varying amounts, setting up the miracle of equalization reported in v.18.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיַּעֲשׂוּand they didwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — compliance reportedעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; compliance formula, marking obedience to the command of v.16.
כֵ֖ןsoadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb of manner completing וַיַּעֲשׂוּ ('did so')כֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; the standard compliance-formula adverb.
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun (subject)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing subject
וַֽיִּלְקְט֔וּand they gatheredwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַט (H3950)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
הַמַּרְבֶּ֖הthe one who gathered muchart + Hiphil ptc m sg abs (substantival) · רָבָה (H7235)Substantival participle, subject of an elided verb ('the one-who-did-much gathered much')→ Participle: characterizing — describes a class of gatherers by their habitual quantityרָבָה (H7235) Hiphil 'to make much, increase'; substantival participle 'the one who does much' = the person who gathered a large amount.
וְהַמַּמְעִֽיטand the one who gathered littleconj וְ + art + Hiphil ptc m sg abs (substantival) · מָעַט (H4591)Substantival participle, coordinate subject→ Participle: characterizing — the contrasting class who gathered a small amountמָעַט (H4591) Hiphil 'to make small, do little'; paired antonym to הַמַּרְבֶּה, forming a merism, 'whether much or little' — anticipating v.18's equalizing miracle.
18
וַיָּמֹ֣דּוּ בָעֹ֔מֶר וְלֹ֤א הֶעְדִּיף֙ הַמַּרְבֶּ֔ה וְהַמַּמְעִ֖יט לֹ֣א הֶחְסִ֑יר אִ֥ישׁ לְפִֽי אָכְל֖וֹ לָקָֽטוּ
But when they measured it with an omer, he who gathered much had no excess, and he who gathered little had no lack; each gathered according to what he could eat.
The measuring by omer reveals no surplus for those who gathered much and no lack for those who gathered little — each family's actual need governed the outcome regardless of raw quantity gathered.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּמֹ֣דּוּand they measuredwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · מָדַד (H4058)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָדַד (H4058) 'to measure'; testing whether individual gathering-quantities varied despite the command.
בָעֹ֔מֶרby the omerprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Instrumental prepositional phrase
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates הֶעְדִּיף
הֶעְדִּיף֙had excessHiphil perf 3ms · עָדַף (H5736)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed (negated) result — the miraculous equalizing outcomeעָדַף (H5736) Hiphil 'to have (too) much, be in excess'; the one who gathered much found no surplus.
הַמַּרְבֶּ֔הthe one who gathered muchart + Hiphil ptc m sg abs (substantival) · רָבָה (H7235)Subject of הֶעְדִּיף→ Participle: characterizing (substantival)
וְהַמַּמְעִ֖יטand the one who gathered littleconj וְ + art + Hiphil ptc m sg abs (substantival) · מָעַט (H4591)Coordinate subject of הֶחְסִיר→ Participle: characterizing (substantival)
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates הֶחְסִיר
הֶחְסִ֑ירlackedHiphil perf 3ms · חָסֵר (H2637)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed (negated) result — the miraculous equalizing outcomeחָסֵר (H2637) Hiphil 'to lack, be deficient'; the one who gathered little found no shortage — a daily miracle of equal sufficiency (cf. 2 Cor 8:15).
אִ֥ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive subject (resumptive summary)
לְפִֽיaccording toprep לְ + N m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Prepositional phrase of proportion
אָכְל֖וֹhis eatingN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אֹכֶל (H400)Genitive completing לְפִי
לָקָֽטוּthey had gatheredQal perf 3cp · לָקַט (H3950)Predicate verb (summary main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, summarizing act
19
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֕ישׁ אַל יוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד בֹּֽקֶר
And Moses said to them, "Let no man leave any of it until morning."
Moses relays a further stipulation — no hoarding overnight — establishing the daily-dependence test that vv.20-21 will show some Israelites failing.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
אֲלֵהֶ֑םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object
אִ֕ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive subject of the prohibitionאִישׁ (H376); distributive, 'let no man...'
אַלlet not, do notnegative particle (prohibitive) · אַל (H408)Negates the jussive יוֹתֵר (prohibition)אַל (H408), the negative used with jussive/imperfect for direct prohibitions, distinct from the absolute לֹא.
יוֹתֵ֥רleave overHiphil jussive 3ms · יָתַר (H3498)Jussive (prohibition, third-person indirect command)→ Jussive: prohibitive volitional — a binding negative commandיָתַר (H3498) Hiphil 'to leave over, leave remaining'; the command that some will disobey in v.20.
מִמֶּ֖נּוּof itprep מִן + suffix · מִן (H4480)Prepositional complement (partitive, 'any of it')
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition
בֹּֽקֶרmorningN m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Object of עַד
20
וְלֹא שָׁמְע֣וּ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיּוֹתִ֨רוּ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ עַד בֹּ֔קֶר וַיָּ֥רֻם תּוֹלָעִ֖ים וַיִּבְאַ֑שׁ וַיִּקְצֹ֥ף עֲלֵהֶ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה
But they did not listen to Moses; some left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and stank; and Moses was angry with them.
Some disregard the instruction; the resulting worms and stench, plus Moses' anger, illustrate the moral seriousness of the daily-manna discipline as a test (cf. v.4).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְלֹאbut they did notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates שָׁמְעוּ (adversative)
שָׁמְע֣וּlistenQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act of (failed) obedienceשָׁמַע (H8085); idiomatically שָׁמַע אֶל 'to listen to, obey.'
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking the one disobeyed
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of אֶל
וַיּוֹתִ֨רוּand they left overwaw-consec + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · יָתַר (H3498)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָתַר (H3498) Hiphil; direct violation of the command in v.19.
אֲנָשִׁ֤יםsome menN m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376, pl. אֲנָשִׁים)Subject of וַיּוֹתִרוּאֲנָשִׁים, plural of אִישׁ; 'some (of the) men', an unspecified subset of the people.
מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙of itprep מִן + suffix · מִן (H4480)Prepositional complement (partitive)
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition
בֹּ֔קֶרmorningN m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Object of עַד
וַיָּ֥רֻםand it bred wormswaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רוּם (H7311)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּם (H7311) 'to rise, be high'; here idiomatically 'it teemed, bred (worms)' — the surplus manna rising with maggots.
תּוֹלָעִ֖יםwormsN c pl abs · תּוֹלֵעָה/תּוֹלָע (H8438)Subject of וַיָּרֻםתּוֹלֵעָה (H8438) 'worm, maggot'; the visible sign of decay in the hoarded manna.
וַיִּבְאַ֑שׁand it stankwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּאַשׁ (H887)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּאַשׁ (H887) 'to stink, become foul'; completes the picture of spoilage — contrast v.24, where properly kept manna does not stink.
וַיִּקְצֹ֥ףand was angrywaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָצַף (H7107)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָצַף (H7107) 'to be angry, wrathful'; Moses' anger models the appropriate response to covenant disobedience.
עֲלֵהֶ֖םwith themprep עַל + 3mp suffix · עַל (H5921)Prepositional complement of וַיִּקְצֹף
מֹשֶֽׁהMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיִּקְצֹף (delayed for emphasis)
21
וַיִּלְקְט֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֔קֶר אִ֖ישׁ כְּפִ֣י אָכְל֑וֹ וְחַ֥ם הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וְנָמָֽס
So they gathered it morning by morning, each according to what he could eat; and when the sun grew hot, it melted.
A summary notice of the settled daily pattern — morning gathering, need-based portions, and the manna's disappearance once the sun grows hot.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּלְקְט֤וּand they gatheredwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַט (H3950)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
אֹתוֹ֙itobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
בַּבֹּ֣קֶרin the morningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Temporal prepositional phrase (first of repeated pair)
בַּבֹּ֔קֶרmorning by morningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Temporal prepositional phrase (repetition = distributive, 'every morning')The repeated בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר is distributive, 'morning by morning', matching the daily-dependence rhythm of vv.4, 21.
אִ֖ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive subject
כְּפִ֣יaccording toprep כְּ + N m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Prepositional phrase of proportion
אָכְל֑וֹhis eatingN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אֹכֶל (H400)Genitive completing כְּפִי
וְחַ֥םand grew hotwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חַם/חָמַם (H2552)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָמַם (H2552) 'to be(come) hot'; marks the daily deadline — manna left past mid-morning heat melts away.
הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁthe sunart + N c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Subject of וְחַם
וְנָמָֽסand it meltedwaw-consec + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · מָסַס (H4549)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָסַס (H4549) Niphal 'to melt, dissolve'; the manna's self-limiting nature, distinct from spoiling (v.20) — simply gone once the sun is high.
22
וַיְהִ֣י בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֗י לָֽקְט֥וּ לֶ֨חֶם֙ מִשְׁנֶ֔ה שְׁנֵ֥י הָעֹ֖מֶר לָאֶחָ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ כָּל נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָ֔ה וַיַּגִּ֖ידוּ לְמֹשֶֽׁה
On the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for each; and all the leaders of the congregation came and told Moses.
The double amount gathered on the sixth day puzzles the leaders, who bring it to Moses — setting up his explanation in v.23.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol introducing a temporal clause→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, temporal frame
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase
הַשִּׁשִּׁ֗יthe sixthart + ordinal m sg abs · שִׁשִּׁי (H8345)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹם
לָֽקְט֥וּthey gatheredQal perf 3cp · לָקַט (H3950)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act, the narrated fulfillment of v.5's stipulation
לֶ֨חֶם֙bread ofN c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct noun (direct object, construct head)
מִשְׁנֶ֔הdoubleN m sg abs · מִשְׁנֶה (H4932)Genitive/apposition completing 'bread of double(-portion)'מִשְׁנֶה (H4932); see v.5 — the anticipated double portion now realized.
שְׁנֵ֥יtwo ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct numeral heading appositional measure phraseשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; specifies the double portion precisely as two omers.
הָעֹ֖מֶרthe omerart + N m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Genitive completing construct
לָאֶחָ֑דfor each oneprep לְ + art + numeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Distributive prepositional phrase ('per person')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; לָאֶחָד 'for the one/each', distributive — two omers per individual.
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙and camewaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of subject NP
נְשִׂיאֵ֣יleaders ofN m pl constr · נָשִׂיא (H5387)Construct noun (subject)נָשִׂיא (H5387) 'leader, chief, prince', from נָשָׂא 'to lift up'; the tribal/community leaders, here reporting an anomaly to Moses.
הָֽעֵדָ֔הthe congregationart + N f sg abs · עֵדָה (H5712)Genitive completing construct
וַיַּגִּ֖ידוּand toldwaw-consec + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil 'to tell, report, declare'; the leaders bring the double-gathering phenomenon to Moses for explanation.
לְמֹשֶֽׁהto Mosesprep לְ + proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Indirect object of וַיַּגִּידוּ
23
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם ה֚וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁבָּת֧וֹן שַׁבַּת קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה מָחָ֑ר אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר תֹּאפ֞וּ אֵפ֗וּ וְאֵ֤ת אֲשֶֽׁר תְּבַשְּׁלוּ֙ בַּשֵּׁ֔לוּ וְאֵת֙ כָּל הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף הַנִּ֧יחוּ לָכֶ֛ם לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת עַד הַבֹּֽקֶר
And he said to them, "This is what the LORD has spoken: Tomorrow is a solemn rest, a holy Sabbath to the LORD. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil, and all that is left over lay up for yourselves to be kept until morning."
Moses explains the double portion as provision for a divinely-appointed 'holy Sabbath', with explicit permission to pre-cook food and store the surplus — the chapter's first explicit Sabbath legislation.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
אֲלֵהֶ֗םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object
ה֚וּאthis (is)independent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of nominal clause
אֲשֶׁ֣רthat whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun
דִּבֶּ֣רspokePiel perf 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, authoritative act of speech
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
שַׁבָּת֧וֹןa solemn restN m sg abs · שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677)Predicate nominative (in apposition to מָחָר)שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677) 'solemn rest, sabbath-observance', an intensive noun-form from שָׁבַת 'to cease, rest'; describes the character of the coming day.
שַׁבַּתa Sabbath ofN c sg constr · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Construct noun in apposition to מָחָרשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'Sabbath, rest-day', from שָׁבַת 'to cease'; here in construct, 'a Sabbath of holiness.'
קֹ֛דֶשׁholinessN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing construct ('holy Sabbath')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacredness', from קָדַשׁ 'to be set apart'; the Sabbath's essential character as consecrated time.
לַֽיהוָ֖הto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (dative of dedication)
מָחָ֑רtomorrowN/adv m sg abs · מָחָר (H4279)Subject/adverbial head of the nominal clauseמָחָר (H4279) 'tomorrow'; the seventh day, about to dawn.
אֵ֣ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted for emphasis)
אֲשֶׁרwhatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun heading the object clause
תֹּאפ֞וּyou would bakeQal impf 2mp · אָפָה (H644)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Yiqtol: future/intended action, the content anticipatedאָפָה (H644) 'to bake'; one of the two food-preparation verbs (with בִּשֵּׁל) permitted in advance for the Sabbath.
אֵפ֗וּbake (it)Qal impv 2mp · אָפָה (H644)Imperative resuming/emphasizing the preceding yiqtol (cognate repetition for emphasis)→ Volitional: direct command — emphatic resumptive imperativeThe sequence תֹּאפוּ...אֵפוּ (yiqtol + imperative of the same verb) is an emphatic Hebrew idiom, 'whatever you would bake, bake it (now, today).'
וְאֵ֤תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)
אֲשֶֽׁרwhatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun
תְּבַשְּׁלוּ֙you would boilPiel impf 2mp · בִּשֵּׁל (H1310)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Yiqtol: future/intended actionבִּשֵּׁל (H1310) Piel 'to boil, cook'; paired with אָפָה as the two permitted Sabbath-eve preparations.
בַּשֵּׁ֔לוּboil (it)Piel impv 2mp · בִּשֵּׁל (H1310)Imperative resuming/emphasizing the preceding yiqtol→ Volitional: direct command — emphatic resumptive imperative
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (third object)
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of object NP
הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ףthe remainderart + Qal ptc m sg abs (substantival) · עָדַף (H5736)Genitive completing construct ('all that is left over')→ Participle: characterizing/substantival — the surplus portion, viewed as an ongoing stateעָדַף (H5736) 'to remain over, be in excess'; substantival participle, 'the surplus/remainder', the same root as הֶעְדִּיף in v.18.
הַנִּ֧יחוּset aside, leaveHiphil impv 2mp · יָנַח/נוּחַ (H3240)Imperative (direct command)→ Volitional: direct commandנוּחַ/יָנַח (H3240) Hiphil 'to set down, deposit, leave'; instructs storing the surplus rather than discarding it.
לָכֶ֛םfor yourselvesprep לְ + 2mp suffix (bound prep, no independent Strong's #)Indirect object (reflexive benefit)
לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶתfor safekeepingprep לְ + N f sg abs · מִשְׁמֶרֶת (H4931)Purpose prepositional phraseמִשְׁמֶרֶת (H4931) 'a keeping, charge, thing kept', from שָׁמַר 'to keep, guard'; the purpose of setting the surplus aside — to be preserved overnight.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition
הַבֹּֽקֶרthe morningart + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Object of עַד
24
וַיַּנִּ֤יחוּ אֹתוֹ֙ עַד הַבֹּ֔קֶר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְלֹ֣א הִבְאִ֔ישׁ וְרִמָּ֖ה לֹא הָ֥יְתָה בּֽוֹ
So they laid it up until morning, as Moses commanded, and it did not stink, and there was no worm in it.
Unlike the ordinary-day surplus of v.20, the Sabbath-eve reserve does not spoil, miraculously confirming the legitimacy of keeping it overnight for the Sabbath alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיַּנִּ֤יחוּand they set asidewaw-consec + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · יָנַח/נוּחַ (H3240)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — obedient complianceנוּחַ (H3240) Hiphil; obedient execution of the command in v.23.
אֹתוֹ֙itobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition
הַבֹּ֔קֶרthe morningart + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Object of עַד
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative/manner conjunction ('just as')
צִוָּ֣הhad commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of comparative clause→ Perfective: a completed, authoritative act of command
מֹשֶׁ֑הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates הִבְאִישׁ
הִבְאִ֔ישׁdid it stinkHiphil perf 3ms · בָּאַשׁ (H887)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed (negated) result — miraculously no decay overnightבָּאַשׁ (H887); contrast v.20 — the properly-kept Sabbath-eve surplus does not spoil, underscoring the Sabbath's special sanctity.
וְרִמָּ֖הand a wormconj וְ + N f sg abs · רִמָּה (H7415)Subject of הָיְתָהרִמָּה (H7415) 'maggot, worm'; near-synonym of תּוֹלָעָה (v.20), confirming the absence of decay.
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates הָיְתָה
הָ֥יְתָהwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (existential, negated)→ Perfective: a completed (negated) state
בּֽוֹin itprep בְּ + 3ms suffix · בְּLocative prepositional complement of הָיְתָה
25
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אִכְלֻ֣הוּ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּֽי שַׁבָּ֥ת הַיּ֖וֹם לַיהוָ֑ה הַיּ֕וֹם לֹ֥א תִמְצָאֻ֖הוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה
And Moses said, "Eat it today, for today is a Sabbath to the LORD; today you will not find it in the field."
Moses instructs the people to eat the reserved portion, since no manna will fall or be found in the field on the Sabbath itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁה֙Mosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
אִכְלֻ֣הוּeat itQal impv 2mp + 3ms suffix · אָכַל (H398)Imperative (direct command)→ Volitional: direct commandאָכַל (H398); the reserved portion of v.23 is now to be eaten — legitimately, unlike the forbidden overnight-keeping of ordinary days (vv.19-20).
הַיּ֔וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time
כִּֽיforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction
שַׁבָּ֥תa SabbathN c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Predicate nominativeשַׁבָּת (H7676); the day's identity as Sabbath is the reason to eat now rather than gather.
הַיּ֖וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Subject of the nominal clause
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase (dative of dedication)
הַיּ֕וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time, resumptive ('today you will not find it')The triple repetition of הַיּוֹם underscores that the Sabbath's provision was already made — no gathering is possible or necessary today.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates תִמְצָאֻהוּ
תִמְצָאֻ֖הוּyou will find itQal impf 2mp + 3ms suffix · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (main clause, negated future)→ Yiqtol: future — the negated expectation for the dayמָצָא (H4672) 'to find'; there will be no manna in the field to gather on the Sabbath itself.
בַּשָּׂדֶֽהin the fieldprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Locative prepositional phrase
26
שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים תִּלְקְטֻ֑הוּ וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֛י שַׁבָּ֖ת לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה בּֽוֹ
Six days you shall gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will be none.
A concise restatement of the weekly rhythm — six days of gathering, one day (the Sabbath) with none — generalizing the single week's events into a standing rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שֵׁ֥שֶׁתsix ofnumeral f sg constr · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Construct numeral heading temporal accusative phraseשֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים 'six days', the workweek before the Sabbath.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time (genitive completing construct)
תִּלְקְטֻ֑הוּyou shall gather itQal impf 2mp + 3ms suffix · לָקַט (H3950)Predicate verb (habitual future, command-like)→ Yiqtol used with imperatival/habitual force: the standing ruleלָקַט (H3950); the six-day gathering rule, now stated as a settled law rather than a one-time instruction.
וּבַיּ֧וֹםbut on the dayconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adversative temporal prepositional phrase
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֛יthe seventhart + ordinal m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹםשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh', from שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the Sabbath day proper.
שַׁבָּ֖תa SabbathN c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Subject of the negated existential clause
לֹ֥אthere will not benegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates יִהְיֶה
יִֽהְיֶהwill beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (existential, negated future)→ Yiqtol: future — the negated existential state
בּֽוֹin itprep בְּ + 3ms suffix · בְּLocative prepositional complement of יִהְיֶה
27
וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י יָצְא֥וּ מִן הָעָ֖ם לִלְקֹ֑ט וְלֹ֖א מָצָֽאוּ
And it happened on the seventh day that some of the people went out to gather, and they found none.
Some again disregard the Sabbath cessation and go out seeking manna; the negative result (they found none) empirically vindicates the rule and prepares the LORD's rebuke in v.28.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol introducing a temporal clause→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, temporal frame
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔יthe seventhart + ordinal m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹם
יָצְא֥וּwent outQal perf 3cp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act of (disobedient) initiativeיָצָא (H3318); despite v.26's rule, some still go out to gather — a further act of testing/disobedience.
מִןsome ofprep · מִן (H4480)Partitive preposition governing הָעָם
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Object of מִן (partitive, 'some of the people')
לִלְקֹ֑טto gatherprep לְ + Qal inf constr · לָקַט (H3950)Purpose infinitival clause→ Infinitive construct with לְ: purpose
וְלֹ֖אbut notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates מָצָאוּ
מָצָֽאוּthey foundQal perf 3cp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (main clause, negated)→ Perfective: a completed (negated) result — no manna to be foundמָצָא (H4672); confirms the Sabbath cessation of the manna's falling, vindicating v.26's rule.
28
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֑ה עַד אָ֨נָה֙ מֵֽאַנְתֶּ֔ם לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מִצְוֺתַ֖י וְתוֹרֹתָֽי
And the LORD said to Moses, "How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws?
YHWH's rhetorical question 'how long will you refuse' frames the repeated disobedience (vv.20, 27) as resistance to his commandments and laws in general, not merely the manna rules.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
מֹשֶׁ֑הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of אֶל
עַדuntil, how longprep · עַד (H5704)Preposition (idiom עַד אָנָה, 'how long')
אָ֨נָה֙when?interrogative adverb · אָנָה (H575)Interrogative adverb completing עַד אָנָה, 'how long?'אָנָה (H575) 'where? whither?'; idiomatically עַד אָנָה 'until when, how long' — a rhetorical expression of exasperation (cf. Num 14:11).
מֵֽאַנְתֶּ֔םdo you refusePiel perf 2mp · מֵאֵן (H3985)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Perfective (with present-perfect nuance): an ongoing pattern of refusal viewed as an accomplished stanceמֵאֵן (H3985) Piel 'to refuse'; God's rhetorical rebuke names the people's persistent unwillingness to obey.
לִשְׁמֹ֥רto keepprep לְ + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַר (H8104)Complementary infinitival clause (object of מֵאַנְתֶּם)→ Infinitive construct: complement — the content of the refusalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, guard, observe'; the standing verb for covenant/law observance.
מִצְוֺתַ֖יmy commandmentsN f pl constr + 1cs suffix · מִצְוָה (H4687)Direct object of לִשְׁמֹרמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment', from צִוָּה 'to command'; God's own commands, already given even before Sinai's fuller legislation.
וְתוֹרֹתָֽיand my lawsconj וְ + N f pl constr + 1cs suffix · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Coordinate direct objectתּוֹרָה (H8451); see v.4 — paired with מִצְוֹת as a summary term for divine instruction.
29
רְא֗וּ כִּֽי יְהוָה֮ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֣ם הַשַּׁבָּת֒ עַל כֵּ֠ן ה֣וּא נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י לֶ֣חֶם יוֹמָ֑יִם שְׁב֣וּ אִ֣ישׁ תַּחְתָּ֗יו אַל יֵ֥צֵא אִ֛ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִֽי
See! Because the LORD has given you the Sabbath, therefore he gives you on the sixth day bread for two days. Remain each man in his place; let no man go out of his place on the seventh day."
YHWH reframes the Sabbath positively as his gift (not a burden), grounding the double portion and the stay-at-home rule in that gift, before the narrative reports compliance in v.30.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
רְא֗וּsee!Qal impv 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Imperative (opening command of the divine speech)→ Volitional: direct command, drawing attention to what followsרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; here 'consider, understand' — a call to recognize the theological point about to be made.
כִּֽיthat, becauseconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction introducing the content to be 'seen'
יְהוָה֮the LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נָתַן
נָתַ֣ןhas givenQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of divine giftנָתַן (H5414); the Sabbath itself is framed as YHWH's gift to Israel, not merely a burden or rule.
לָכֶ֣םto youprep לְ + 2mp suffix (bound prep)Indirect object of נָתַן
הַשַּׁבָּת֒the Sabbathart + N c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Direct object
עַלthereforeprep · עַל (H5921)Preposition (first element of idiom עַל־כֵּן, 'therefore')
כֵּ֠ןthereforeadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb completing idiom עַל־כֵּן ('therefore, for this reason')עַל־כֵּן (H5921 + H3651) 'therefore, for this reason'; draws the practical conclusion — the double portion of vv.5, 22 — from the Sabbath-gift just stated.
ה֣וּאheindependent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Emphatic subject resuming יְהוָה
נֹתֵ֥ןgivesQal ptc m sg abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle (habitual present)→ Participle: durative/habitual — an ongoing, repeated provisionנָתַן (H5414); the participle marks the double portion as YHWH's standing practice, not a one-time event.
לָכֶ֛םto youprep לְ + 2mp suffix (bound prep)Indirect object of נֹתֵן
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase
הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖יthe sixthart + ordinal m sg abs · שִׁשִּׁי (H8345)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹם
לֶ֣חֶםbread ofN c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct noun (direct object)
יוֹמָ֑יִםtwo days'N m dual abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive completing construct ('bread of two days')יוֹם (H3117) dual יוֹמַיִם 'two days'; specifies the amount as provision for two days at once.
שְׁב֣וּremain, stayQal impv 2mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Imperative (direct command)→ Volitional: direct commandיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, remain'; the Sabbath command extends to staying put, not just abstaining from gathering.
אִ֣ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive subject
תַּחְתָּ֗יוin his placeprep תַּחַת + 3ms suffix · תַּחַת (H8478)Locative prepositional phrase
אַלlet notnegative particle (prohibitive) · אַל (H408)Negates the jussive יֵצֵא (prohibition)
יֵ֥צֵאgo outQal jussive 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Jussive (prohibition, third-person indirect command)→ Jussive: prohibitive volitional — a binding negative command
אִ֛ישׁany manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive subject of the prohibition
מִמְּקֹמ֖וֹfrom his placeprep מִן + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · מָקוֹם (H4725)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'place'; reinforces שְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו — total cessation of movement/labor on the Sabbath.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase
הַשְּׁבִיעִֽיthe seventhart + ordinal m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹם
30
וַיִּשְׁבְּת֥וּ הָעָ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי
So the people rested on the seventh day.
A terse notice of obedience closes the Sabbath-testing unit, echoing שָׁבַת/שַׁבָּת wordplay — the people finally do what the day's name commands.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וַיִּשְׁבְּת֥וּso they restedwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁבַת (H7673)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the compliance that closes the Sabbath episodeשָׁבַת (H7673) 'to cease, rest'; the verbal root of שַׁבָּת itself — the people finally embody the Sabbath's name.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase
הַשְּׁבִעִֽיthe seventhart + ordinal m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹם
31
וַיִּקְרְא֧וּ בֵֽית יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת שְׁמ֖וֹ מָ֑ן וְה֗וּא כְּזֶ֤רַע גַּד֙ לָבָ֔ן וְטַעְמ֖וֹ כְּצַפִּיחִ֥ת בִּדְבָֽשׁ
And the house of Israel called its name manna; and it was like coriander seed, white, and its taste was like wafers with honey.
A formal etiological notice names the substance מָן, deriving it from the people's own question in v.15, and describes its appearance (white, seed-like) and taste (honeyed wafer) for readers who never saw it.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּקְרְא֧וּand calledwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; formal naming-notice, common in etiological texts.
בֵֽיתhouse ofN m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct noun (subject)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל 'the house of Israel', a collective designation for the whole people.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing construct
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
שְׁמ֖וֹits nameN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct object of וַיִּקְרְאוּשֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; introduces the formal naming of the substance.
מָ֑ןmannaN m sg abs · מָן (H4478)Predicate/appositive naming the substanceמָן (H4478) 'manna'; the name derived from the question מָן הוּא (v.15) — a striking case of a foodstuff named directly from the people's own puzzled exclamation.
וְה֗וּאand it (was)conj וְ + independent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject of the descriptive nominal clause
כְּזֶ֤רַעlike the seed ofprep כְּ + N m sg constr · זֶרַע (H2233)Comparative prepositional phrase (predicate)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'; the manna's shape compared to a small round seed.
גַּד֙corianderN m sg abs · גַּד (H1407)Genitive completing construct ('seed of coriander')גַּד (H1407) 'coriander' (Coriandrum sativum); its small round seed is the visual comparison for the manna's grains (cf. Num 11:7).
לָבָ֔ןwhiteadjective m sg abs · לָבָן (H3836)Attributive adjective modifying the implied grain/mannaלָבָן (H3836) 'white'; describes the manna's color.
וְטַעְמ֖וֹand its tasteconj וְ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · טַעַם (H2940)Subject of the second descriptive clauseטַעַם (H2940) 'taste, flavor', from טָעַם 'to taste'.
כְּצַפִּיחִ֥תlike wafersprep כְּ + N f sg abs · צַפִּיחִת (H6838)Comparative prepositional phrase (predicate)צַפִּיחִת (H6838), a rare word for a flat cake or wafer (cf. Num 11:8's 'cakes baked with oil'); the simile conveys a sweet, delicate flavor.
בִּדְבָֽשׁwith honeyprep בְּ + N m sg abs · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Prepositional phrase specifying the wafers' flavoringדְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey'; 'wafers made with honey' — the manna tasted sweet.
32
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה זֶ֤ה הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה מְלֹ֤א הָעֹ֨מֶר֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֑ם לְמַ֣עַן יִרְא֣וּ אֶת הַלֶּ֗חֶם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱכַ֤לְתִּי אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּהוֹצִיאִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם
And Moses said, "This is the thing which the LORD has commanded: Let an omerful of it be kept throughout your generations, that they may see the bread with which I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you out of the land of Egypt."
Moses issues a further command (distinct from the daily/weekly rules) establishing a perpetual memorial omerful, explicitly tying it back to the exodus deliverance and framing it for future generations who will not otherwise witness the manna.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
זֶ֤הthisdemonstrative pronoun m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject of nominal clause
הַדָּבָר֙the thingart + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Predicate nominative
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun
צִוָּ֣הhas commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, authoritative act of command
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
מְלֹ֤אthe fullness ofN m sg constr · מְלֹא (H4393)Construct noun (direct object, construct head)מְלֹא (H4393) 'fullness, that which fills', from מָלֵא 'to be full'; מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר 'an omerful', the fixed memorial quantity.
הָעֹ֨מֶר֙the omerart + N m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Genitive completing construct
מִמֶּ֔נּוּof itprep מִן + suffix · מִן (H4480)Prepositional complement (partitive)
לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶתfor safekeepingprep לְ + N f sg abs · מִשְׁמֶרֶת (H4931)Purpose prepositional phrase
לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֑םthroughout your generationsprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp suffix · דּוֹר (H1755)Temporal prepositional phrase (duration across generations)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'; לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם 'throughout/for your generations', marking the memorial as perpetual.
לְמַ֣עַןso thatconj · לְמַעַן (H4616)Purpose conjunction
יִרְא֣וּthey may seeQal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate of purpose clause→ Yiqtol (purpose): the intended future outcome of the memorialרָאָה (H7200); future generations are to see the actual manna, not merely hear of it.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַלֶּ֗חֶםthe breadart + N c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object of יִרְאוּ
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun
הֶאֱכַ֤לְתִּיI fedHiphil perf 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of divine provisionאָכַל (H398) Hiphil 'to feed, cause to eat'; YHWH speaks in the first person of his own sustaining care.
אֶתְכֶם֙youobj marker + 2mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
בַּמִּדְבָּ֔רin the wildernessprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Locative prepositional phrase
בְּהוֹצִיאִ֥יwhen I brought outprep בְּ + Hiphil inf constr + 1cs suffix · יָצָא (H3318)Temporal infinitival clause→ Infinitive construct: temporal — dates the feeding to the exodus eventיָצָא (H3318) Hiphil; ties the manna memorial explicitly back to the Exodus deliverance.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + 2mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
מֵאֶ֥רֶץfrom the land ofprep מִן + N c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive completing construct
33
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֚ח צִנְצֶ֣נֶת אַחַ֔ת וְתֶן שָׁ֥מָּה מְלֹֽא הָעֹ֖מֶר מָ֑ן וְהַנַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם
And Moses said to Aaron, "Take a jar and put an omerful of manna in it, and place it before the LORD, to be kept throughout your generations."
Moses delegates the memorial's physical execution to Aaron, specifying the jar, the omerful, and its placement 'before the LORD' — anticipating the sanctuary not yet built at this narrative point.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand saidwaw-consec + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance
מֹשֶׁ֜הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
אַהֲרֹ֗ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Object of אֶל
קַ֚חtakeQal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Imperative (direct command)→ Volitional: direct command
צִנְצֶ֣נֶתa jar ofN f sg constr · צִנְצֶנֶת (H6803)Direct object, construct headצִנְצֶנֶת (H6803), a rare word (hapax) for a jar or urn, perhaps of earthenware; used to preserve the memorial manna.
אַחַ֔תonenumeral f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Numeral modifying צִנְצֶנֶת
וְתֶןand putwaw-conj + Qal impv 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Imperative continuing the command series→ Volitional: direct command
שָׁ֥מָּהthereadverb (directive) · שָׁם (H8033) + ה localeAdverb of place (goal), object of וְתֶןשָׁמָּה 'thither, there', שָׁם with directional ה; indicates where the omerful of manna is to be placed — into the jar.
מְלֹֽאthe fullness ofN m sg constr · מְלֹא (H4393)Construct noun (direct object)
הָעֹ֖מֶרthe omerart + N m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Genitive completing construct
מָ֑ןmannaN m sg abs · מָן (H4478)Genitive/apposition completing 'an omerful of manna'
וְהַנַּ֤חand set, placewaw-conj + Hiphil impv 2ms · יָנַח/נוּחַ (H3240)Imperative continuing the command series→ Volitional: direct commandנוּחַ (H3240) Hiphil 'to set down, deposit'; place the jar in the sanctuary before the LORD.
אֹתוֹ֙itobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase ('before the LORD')
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of לִפְנֵי
לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶתfor safekeepingprep לְ + N f sg abs · מִשְׁמֶרֶת (H4931)Purpose prepositional phrase
לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽםthroughout your generationsprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp suffix · דּוֹר (H1755)Temporal prepositional phrase
34
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיַּנִּיחֵ֧הוּ אַהֲרֹ֛ן לִפְנֵ֥י הָעֵדֻ֖ת לְמִשְׁמָֽרֶת
As the LORD commanded Moses, so Aaron placed it before the Testimony, to be kept.
A brief compliance report closes the memorial instructions, locating the jar 'before the Testimony' — language reflecting the completed tabernacle, a small indicator of this unit's placement/redaction relative to the surrounding narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רasprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative/manner conjunction ('just as')
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of comparative clause→ Perfective: a completed, authoritative act of command
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking addressee
מֹשֶׁ֑הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of אֶל
וַיַּנִּיחֵ֧הוּand placed itwaw-consec + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suffix · יָנַח/נוּחַ (H3240)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — obedient executionנוּחַ (H3240) Hiphil; Aaron carries out the memorial-placement commanded through Moses.
אַהֲרֹ֛ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subject
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase ('before the Testimony')
הָעֵדֻ֖תthe Testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Object of לִפְנֵיעֵדוּת (H5715) 'testimony', from עוּד 'to bear witness'; refers to the ark/tablets of the covenant testimony in the tabernacle (cf. 25:16, 21) — a detail assuming the tabernacle already exists, a well-known compositional crux in this chapter's placement.
לְמִשְׁמָֽרֶתfor safekeepingprep לְ + N f sg abs · מִשְׁמֶרֶת (H4931)Purpose prepositional phrase
35
וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָֽכְל֤וּ אֶת הַמָּן֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה עַד בֹּאָ֖ם אֶל אֶ֣רֶץ נוֹשָׁ֑בֶת אֶת הַמָּן֙ אָֽכְל֔וּ עַד בֹּאָ֕ם אֶל קְצֵ֖ה אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן
And the sons of Israel ate the manna forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan.
A editorial summary leaps forward to span the entire forty-year wilderness period, closing the manna narrative with its full scope — from Sin to the plains of Moab at the border of Canaan (cf. Josh 5:12).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וּבְנֵ֣יand sons ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct noun (subject)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing subject
אָֽכְל֤וּateQal perf 3cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, summarizing act spanning the wilderness period
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַמָּן֙the mannaart + N m sg abs · מָן (H4478)Direct object
אַרְבָּעִ֣יםfortynumeral c pl abs · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Numeral modifying שָׁנָה (adverbial accusative of duration)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'; the full span of the wilderness generation (cf. Num 14:33-34).
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of duration
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition
בֹּאָ֖םtheir comingQal inf constr + 3mp suffix · בּוֹא (H935)Temporal infinitival clause→ Infinitive construct: temporal — marks the terminus of the forty yearsבּוֹא (H935); the manna's provision lasted until entry into settled land.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking goal
אֶ֣רֶץa landN c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of אֶל
נוֹשָׁ֑בֶתinhabitedNiphal ptc f sg abs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Attributive participle modifying אֶרֶץ→ Participle: stative/attributive — describes the settled character of the landיָשַׁב (H3427) Niphal 'to be inhabited'; contrasts the settled, agricultural land of Canaan with the manna-dependent wilderness.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַמָּן֙the mannaart + N m sg abs · מָן (H4478)Direct object
אָֽכְל֔וּthey ateQal perf 3cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive restatement)→ Perfective: a completed, summarizing act
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition
בֹּאָ֕םtheir comingQal inf constr + 3mp suffix · בּוֹא (H935)Temporal infinitival clause→ Infinitive construct: temporal
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition marking goal
קְצֵ֖הthe border ofN c sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Construct noun (object of אֶל)קָצֶה (H7097) 'end, border, edge'; the geographical limit of Canaan, marking the close of the wilderness manna era.
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive completing construct
כְּנָֽעַןCanaanproper noun · כְּנַעַן (H3667)Genitive completing constructכְּנַעַן (H3667) 'Canaan', the promised land toward which the wilderness generation journeyed.
36
וְהָעֹ֕מֶר עֲשִׂרִ֥ית הָאֵיפָ֖ה הֽוּא
Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah.
A closing lexicographic aside for the reader, defining the omer (v.16, 32, 33) in terms of the more familiar ephah — the chapter's final, matter-of-fact note after its narrative and legal content.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וְהָעֹ֕מֶרnow the omerconj וְ + art + N m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Subject of the closing definitional clauseעֹמֶר (H6016); see v.16 — the chapter closes with a metrological gloss defining this key unit.
עֲשִׂרִ֥יתa tenth ofordinal f sg constr · עֲשִׂירִי (H6224)Predicate nominative, construct headעֲשִׂירִי (H6224) 'tenth', from עֶשֶׂר 'ten'; defines the omer as one-tenth of the larger ephah measure.
הָאֵיפָ֖הthe ephahart + N f sg abs · אֵיפָה (H374)Genitive completing constructאֵיפָה (H374) 'ephah', the standard dry-measure unit (roughly 22 liters); a loanword possibly of Egyptian origin.
הֽוּאit (is)independent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Copula/resumptive subject completing the definitional clause