Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Esther, Chapter 2אסתר 2

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Esther 2 (23 verses in the MT) opens: After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he remembered Vashti, and what she had done, and what was decreed against her. The middle of the chapter continues: Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, , six months with. It closes: And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Esther 2 comprises 23 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he re. After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he remembered Vashti, and what she had done, and what was decreed against her. Then said the king's servants that ministered to him, Let there be fair young virgins sought for the king: And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the captivity which had be. Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the captivity which had been carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away. And he brought up Hadassah, that , Esther, his uncle's daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid fair and beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's house, to. And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's house, to know how Esther did, and what should become of her. Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, , six months with oil of myrrh, and. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — So Esther was taken to king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth. So Esther was taken to king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month, which the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign. And the king loved Esther above all the women, and she obtained grace and favour in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he set the royal crown upon her head, and made her queen instead of Vashti. Then the king. Movement V (vv. 21-23) — In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the king's. In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the king's chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, were wroth, and sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus. And the thing was known to Mordecai, who told to Esther the queen; and Esther certified the king in Mordecai's name. And when inquisition was made of the matter, it. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

אַחַר֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כְּשֹׁ֕ךְ חֲמַ֖ת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ זָכַ֤ר אֶת וַשְׁתִּי֙ וְאֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂ֔תָה וְאֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר נִגְזַ֖ר עָלֶֽיהָ

After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he remembered Vashti, and what she had done, and what was decreed against her.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and subsided'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אַחַר֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
הַדְּבָרִ֣יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
הָאֵ֔לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
כְּשֹׁ֕ךְand subsidedprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁכַךְ (H7918)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁכַךְ (H7918) 'and subsided'.
חֲמַ֖תthe venom ofN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁAhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
זָכַ֤רRememberQal perf 3ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
וַשְׁתִּי֙Vashti. zN · וַשְׁתִּי (H2060)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)וַשְׁתִּי (H2060) 'Vashti. z'.
וְאֵ֣תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשָׂ֔תָהshe has doneQal perf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'she has done'.
וְאֵ֥תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נִגְזַ֖רcut downN · גָּזַר (H1504)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּזַר (H1504) 'cut down'.
עָלֶֽיהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
2

וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ נַעֲרֵֽי הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מְשָׁרְתָ֑יו יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ נְעָר֥וֹת בְּתוּל֖וֹת טוֹב֥וֹת מַרְאֶֽה

Then said the king's servants that ministered to him, Let there be fair young virgins sought for the king:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיֹּאמְר֥וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
נַעֲרֵֽיthe young men ofN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the young men of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
מְשָׁרְתָ֑יוto ministerPiel ptc mp + sfx 3ms · שָׁרַת (H8334)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁרַת (H8334) 'to minister'.
יְבַקְשׁ֥וּseekingPiel jussive 3mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
לַמֶּ֛לֶךְto the king ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
נְעָר֥וֹתthe girlN c · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Construct chain (genitival)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
בְּתוּל֖וֹתa virginN c · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Construct chain (genitival)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin'.
טוֹב֥וֹתgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מַרְאֶֽהappearanceN c · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְאֶה (H4758) 'appearance'.
3

וְיַפְקֵ֨ד הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ פְּקִידִים֮ בְּכָל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתוֹ֒ וְיִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֶת כָּל נַעֲרָֽה בְ֠תוּלָה טוֹבַ֨ת מַרְאֶ֜ה אֶל שׁוּשַׁ֤ן הַבִּירָה֙ אֶל בֵּ֣ית הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֶל יַ֥ד הֵגֶ֛א סְרִ֥יס הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֑ים וְנָת֖וֹן תַּמְרוּקֵיהֶֽן

And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all the fair young virgins to Shushan the palace, to the house of the women, to the custody of Hege the king's chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for purification be given :

Jussive — volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'So he numbered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
וְיַפְקֵ֨דSo he numberedconj וְ + Hiphil jussive 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalפָּקַד (H6485) 'So he numbered'.
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
פְּקִידִים֮overseersN c · פָּקִיד (H6496)Construct chain (genitival)פָּקִיד (H6496) 'overseers'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
מְדִינ֣וֹת(× every) provinceN c · מְדִינָה (H4082)Construct chain (genitival)מְדִינָה (H4082) '(× every) province'.
מַלְכוּתוֹ֒his kingdomN c · מַלְכוּת (H4438)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְכוּת (H4438) 'his kingdom'.
וְיִקְבְּצ֣וּand let them gatherconj וְ + Qal jussive 3mp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalקָבַץ (H6908) 'and let them gather'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
נַעֲרָֽהa girlN c · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Construct chain (genitival)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'a girl'.
בְ֠תוּלָהa virginN c · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Construct chain (genitival)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin'.
טוֹבַ֨תgood/beautiful ofAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good/beautiful of'.
מַרְאֶ֜הappearanceN c · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְאֶה (H4758) 'appearance'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שׁוּשַׁ֤ןShushanN · שׁוּשַׁן (H7800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוּשַׁן (H7800) 'Shushan'.
הַבִּירָה֙palaceart + N com f sg abs · בִּירָה (H1002)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּירָה (H1002) 'palace'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
הַנָּשִׁ֔יםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יַ֥דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
הֵגֶ֛אHegaiN · הֵגֵא (H1896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵגֵא (H1896) 'Hegai'.
סְרִ֥יסofficer / official ofN c · סָרִיס (H5631)Construct chain (genitival)סָרִיס (H5631) 'officer / official of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
שֹׁמֵ֣רkeepQal ptc ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
הַנָּשִׁ֑יםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
וְנָת֖וֹןand he setconj וְ + Qal inf abs · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָתַן (H5414) 'and he set'.
תַּמְרוּקֵיהֶֽןcleanseN c · תַּמְרוּק (H8562)Construct chain (genitival)תַּמְרוּק (H8562) 'cleanse'.
4

וְהַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּיטַב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ תִּמְלֹ֖ךְ תַּ֣חַת וַשְׁתִּ֑י וַיִּיטַ֧ב הַדָּבָ֛ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיַּ֥עַשׂ כֵּֽן

And let the maiden which pleaseth the king be queen instead of Vashti. And the thing pleased the king; and he did so.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'it may go well'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהַֽנַּעֲרָ֗הthe girlconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תִּיטַב֙it may go wellQal impf 3fs · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
בְּעֵינֵ֣יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
תִּמְלֹ֖ךְwill you reignQal jussive 3fs · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalמָלַךְ (H4427) 'will you reign'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
וַשְׁתִּ֑יVashti. zN · וַשְׁתִּי (H2060)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)וַשְׁתִּי (H2060) 'Vashti. z'.
וַיִּיטַ֧בand it was goodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָטַב (H3190) 'and it was good'.
הַדָּבָ֛רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
בְּעֵינֵ֥יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וַיַּ֥עַשׂand he madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and he made'.
כֵּֽןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
5

אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדִ֔י הָיָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מָרְדֳּכַ֗י בֶּ֣ן יָאִ֧יר בֶּן שִׁמְעִ֛י בֶּן קִ֖ישׁ אִ֥ישׁ יְמִינִֽי

in Shushan the palace there was a certain Jew, whose name Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjamite;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יְהוּדִ֔יJewN · יְהוּדִי (H3064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדִי (H3064) 'Jew'.
הָיָ֖הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ןinprep + N proper · שׁוּשַׁן (H7800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוּשַׁן (H7800) 'in'.
הַבִּירָ֑הpalaceart + N com f sg abs · בִּירָה (H1002)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּירָה (H1002) 'palace'.
וּשְׁמ֣וֹand his nameconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'and his name'.
מָרְדֳּכַ֗יMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
בֶּ֣ןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
יָאִ֧ירJairN · יָאִיר (H2971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָאִיר (H2971) 'Jair'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
שִׁמְעִ֛יand ShimeiN · שִׁמְעִי (H8096)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁמְעִי (H8096) 'and Shimei'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
קִ֖ישׁKishN · קִישׁ (H7027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִישׁ (H7027) 'Kish'.
אִ֥ישׁa BenjaminiteN c · בֶּן־יְמִינִי (H1145)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּן־יְמִינִי (H1145) 'a Benjaminite'.
יְמִינִֽיa BenjaminiteN · בֶּן־יְמִינִי (H1145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּן־יְמִינִי (H1145) 'a Benjaminite'.
6

אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם עִם הַגֹּלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָגְלְתָ֔ה עִ֖ם יְכָנְיָ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶגְלָ֔ה נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל

Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the captivity which had been carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'shall you uncover'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָגְלָה֙shall you uncoverHophal perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
מִיר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִםJerusalemprep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
הַגֹּלָה֙captiveart + N com f sg abs · גּוֹלָה (H1473)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹלָה (H1473) 'captive'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָגְלְתָ֔הshall you uncoverHophal perf 3fs · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
עִ֖םwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
יְכָנְיָ֣הJeconiah. CompareN · יְכׇנְיָה (H3204)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְכׇנְיָה (H3204) 'Jeconiah. Compare'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יְהוּדָ֑הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הֶגְלָ֔הshall you uncoverHiphil perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖רNebuchadnezzarN · נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (H5019)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (H5019) 'Nebuchadnezzar'.
מֶ֥לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
בָּבֶֽלBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
7

וַיְהִ֨י אֹמֵ֜ן אֶת הֲדַסָּ֗ה הִ֤יא אֶסְתֵּר֙ בַּת דֹּד֔וֹ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין לָ֖הּ אָ֣ב וָאֵ֑ם וְהַנַּעֲרָ֤ה יְפַת תֹּ֨אַר֙ וְטוֹבַ֣ת מַרְאֶ֔ה וּבְמ֤וֹת אָבִ֨יהָ֙ וְאִמָּ֔הּ לְקָחָ֧הּ מָרְדֳּכַ֛י ל֖וֹ לְבַֽת

And he brought up Hadassah, that , Esther, his uncle's daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid fair and beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took for his own daughter.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַיְהִ֨יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
אֹמֵ֜ןfaithfulQal ptc ms · אָמַן (H539)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הֲדַסָּ֗הHadassahN · הֲדַסָּה (H1919)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֲדַסָּה (H1919) 'Hadassah'.
הִ֤יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
אֶסְתֵּר֙EstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
דֹּד֔וֹhis uncleN c · דּוֹד (H1730)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹד (H1730) 'his uncle'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לָ֖הּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
אָ֣בa fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'a father'.
וָאֵ֑םhis motherconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אֵם (H517)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
וְהַנַּעֲרָ֤הthe girlconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
יְפַתbeautiful ofAdj · יָפֶה (H3303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפֶה (H3303) 'beautiful of'.
תֹּ֨אַר֙formN c · תֹּאַר (H8389)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּאַר (H8389) 'form'.
וְטוֹבַ֣תgoodconj וְ + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מַרְאֶ֔הappearanceN c · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְאֶה (H4758) 'appearance'.
וּבְמ֤וֹתthe death ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · מָוֶת (H4194)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
אָבִ֨יהָ֙her fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'her father'.
וְאִמָּ֔הּand her motherconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3fs · אֵם (H517)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵם (H517) 'and her mother'.
לְקָחָ֧הּtaken herQal perf 3ms + sfx 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'taken her'.
מָרְדֳּכַ֛יMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְבַֽתto the daughter ofprep + N com f sg abs · בַּת (H1323)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת (H1323) 'to the daughter of'.
8

וַיְהִ֗י בְּהִשָּׁמַ֤ע דְּבַר הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ וְדָת֔וֹ וּֽבְהִקָּבֵ֞ץ נְעָר֥וֹת רַבּ֛וֹת אֶל שׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָ֖ה אֶל יַ֣ד הֵגָ֑י וַתִּלָּקַ֤ח אֶסְתֵּר֙ אֶל בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל יַ֥ד הֵגַ֖י שֹׁמֵ֥ר הַנָּשִֽׁים

So it came to pass, when the king's commandment and his decree was heard, and when many maidens were gathered together to Shushan the palace, to the custody of Hegai, that Esther was brought also to the king's house, to the custody of Hegai, keeper of the women.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיְהִ֗יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
בְּהִשָּׁמַ֤עand he heardprep + Niphal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
דְּבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְדָת֔וֹlaw / decreeconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · דָּת (H1881)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּת (H1881) 'law / decree'.
וּֽבְהִקָּבֵ֞ץand he gatheredconj וְ + prep + Niphal inf constr · קָבַץ (H6908)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
נְעָר֥וֹתthe girlN c · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Construct chain (genitival)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
רַבּ֛וֹתmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שׁוּשַׁ֥ןShushanN · שׁוּשַׁן (H7800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוּשַׁן (H7800) 'Shushan'.
הַבִּירָ֖הpalaceart + N com f sg abs · בִּירָה (H1002)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּירָה (H1002) 'palace'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יַ֣דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
הֵגָ֑יHegaiN · הֵגֵא (H1896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵגֵא (H1896) 'Hegai'.
וַתִּלָּקַ֤חand he tookconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
אֶסְתֵּר֙EstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יַ֥דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
הֵגַ֖יHegaiN · הֵגֵא (H1896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵגֵא (H1896) 'Hegai'.
שֹׁמֵ֥רkeepQal ptc ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
הַנָּשִֽׁיםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
9

וַתִּיטַ֨ב הַנַּעֲרָ֣ה בְעֵינָיו֮ וַתִּשָּׂ֣א חֶ֣סֶד לְפָנָיו֒ וַ֠יְבַהֵל אֶת תַּמְרוּקֶ֤יהָ וְאֶת מָנוֹתֶ֨הָ֙ לָתֵ֣ת לָ֔הּ וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣בַע הַנְּעָר֔וֹת הָרְאֻי֥וֹת לָֽתֶת לָ֖הּ מִבֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְשַׁנֶּ֧הָ וְאֶת נַעֲרוֹתֶ֛יהָ לְט֖וֹב בֵּ֥ית הַנָּשִֽׁים

And the maiden pleased him, and she obtained kindness of him; and he speedily gave her her things for purification, with such things as belonged to her, and seven maidens, meet to be given her, out of the king's house: and he preferred her and her maids to the best of the house of the women.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'it may go well'.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַתִּיטַ֨בit may go wellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
הַנַּעֲרָ֣הthe girlart + N com f sg abs · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
בְעֵינָיו֮in his eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in his eyes'.
וַתִּשָּׂ֣אand she liftedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and she lifted'.
חֶ֣סֶדkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
לְפָנָיו֒before himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before him'.
וַ֠יְבַהֵלwere dismayedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּהַל (H926)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּהַל (H926) 'were dismayed'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
תַּמְרוּקֶ֤יהָcleanseN c · תַּמְרוּק (H8562)Construct chain (genitival)תַּמְרוּק (H8562) 'cleanse'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
מָנוֹתֶ֨הָ֙as a portionN c · מָנָה (H4490)Construct chain (genitival)מָנָה (H4490) 'as a portion'.
לָתֵ֣תto giveprep + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָ֔הּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
שֶׁ֣בַעsevenAdj · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'.
הַנְּעָר֔וֹתthe girlart + N com f pl abs · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
הָרְאֻי֥וֹתand he sawart + Qal ptc fp · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
לָֽתֶתto giveprep + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָ֖הּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
מִבֵּ֣יתfrom the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'from the house of'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וַיְשַׁנֶּ֧הָbeing repeatedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · שָׁנָה (H8138)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁנָה (H8138) 'being repeated'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
נַעֲרוֹתֶ֛יהָthe girlN c · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Construct chain (genitival)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
לְט֖וֹבfor goodprep + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'for good'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
הַנָּשִֽׁיםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
10

לֹא הִגִּ֣ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֔ר אֶת עַמָּ֖הּ וְאֶת מֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑הּ כִּ֧י מָרְדֳּכַ֛י צִוָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא תַגִּֽיד

Esther had not shewed her people nor her kindred: for Mordecai had charged her that she should not shew .

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'tell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִגִּ֣ידָהtellHiphil perf 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'tell'.
אֶסְתֵּ֔רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַמָּ֖הּher peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'her people'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
מֽוֹלַדְתָּ֑הּmy kindredN c · מוֹלֶדֶת (H4138)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹלֶדֶת (H4138) 'my kindred'.
כִּ֧יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָרְדֳּכַ֛יMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תַגִּֽידand it was toldHiphil impf 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
11

וּבְכָל י֣וֹם וָי֔וֹם מָרְדֳּכַי֙ מִתְהַלֵּ֔ךְ לִפְנֵ֖י חֲצַ֣ר בֵּית הַנָּשִׁ֑ים לָדַ֨עַת֙ אֶת שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וּמַה יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה בָּֽהּ

And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women's house, to know how Esther did, and what should become of her.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'walks about'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and with all'.
י֣וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
וָי֔וֹםbut the day ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'but the day of'.
מָרְדֳּכַי֙MordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
מִתְהַלֵּ֔ךְwalks aboutHithpael ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walks about'.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
חֲצַ֣רthe court ofN c · חָצֵר (H2691)Construct chain (genitival)חָצֵר (H2691) 'the court of'.
בֵּיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
הַנָּשִׁ֑יםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
לָדַ֨עַת֙to knowprep + Qal inf constr · יָדַע (H3045)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שְׁל֣וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
אֶסְתֵּ֔רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
וּמַהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
יֵּעָשֶׂ֖הhe shall doN · עָשָׂה (H6213)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
בָּֽהּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
12

וּבְהַגִּ֡יעַ תֹּר֩ נַעֲרָ֨ה וְנַעֲרָ֜ה לָב֣וֹא אֶל הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ מִקֵּץ֩ הֱי֨וֹת לָ֜הּ כְּדָ֤ת הַנָּשִׁים֙ שְׁנֵ֣ים עָשָׂ֣ר חֹ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י מְרוּקֵיהֶ֑ן שִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמֹּ֔ר וְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בַּבְּשָׂמִ֔ים וּבְתַמְרוּקֵ֖י הַנָּשִֽׁים

Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, , six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odours, and with things for the purifying of the women;)

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'touches'.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
וּבְהַגִּ֡יעַtouchesconj וְ + prep + Hiphil inf constr · נָגַע (H5060)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָגַע (H5060) 'touches'.
תֹּר֩inN c · תּוֹר (H8447)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹר (H8447) 'in'.
נַעֲרָ֨הa girlN c · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Construct chain (genitival)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'a girl'.
וְנַעֲרָ֜הthe girlconj וְ + N com f sg abs · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
לָב֣וֹאto enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁAhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
מִקֵּץ֩at the end ofprep + N com m sg constr · קֵץ (H7093)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֵץ (H7093) 'at the end of'.
הֱי֨וֹתthere beingQal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'there being'.
לָ֜הּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
כְּדָ֤תlaw / decreeprep + N com f sg constr · דָּת (H1881)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּת (H1881) 'law / decree'.
הַנָּשִׁים֙the womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
שְׁנֵ֣יםtwoAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
עָשָׂ֣ר-teenAdj · עָשָׂר (H6240)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen'.
חֹ֔דֶשׁoldN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'old'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יִמְלְא֖וּare fulfilledQal impf 3mp · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָלֵא (H4390) 'are fulfilled'.
יְמֵ֣יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
מְרוּקֵיהֶ֑ןpurificationN c · מָרוּק (H4795)Construct chain (genitival)מָרוּק (H4795) 'purification'.
שִׁשָּׁ֤הsixAdj · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'.
חֳדָשִׁים֙monthsN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'months'.
בְּשֶׁ֣מֶןwith oilprep + N com m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'with oil'.
הַמֹּ֔רmyrrh ofart + N com m sg abs · מֹר (H4753)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹר (H4753) 'myrrh of'.
וְשִׁשָּׁ֤הand sixconj וְ + Adj c · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'and six'.
חֳדָשִׁים֙monthsN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'months'.
בַּבְּשָׂמִ֔יםspicesprep + art + N com m pl abs · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּשֶׂם (H1314) 'spices'.
וּבְתַמְרוּקֵ֖יcleanseconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · תַּמְרוּק (H8562)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּמְרוּק (H8562) 'cleanse'.
הַנָּשִֽׁיםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
13

וּבָזֶ֕ה הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה בָּאָ֣ה אֶל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ אֵת֩ כָּל אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֜ר יִנָּ֤תֵֽן לָהּ֙ לָב֣וֹא עִמָּ֔הּ מִבֵּ֥ית הַנָּשִׁ֖ים עַד בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ

Then thus came maiden to the king; whatsoever she desired was given her to go with her out of the house of the women to the king's house.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'has come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וּבָזֶ֕הthisconj וְ + prep + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖הthe girlart + N com f sg abs · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
בָּאָ֣הhas comeQal ptc fs · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'has come'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֵת֩(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תֹּאמַ֜רyou shall sayQal impf 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'you shall say'.
יִנָּ֤תֵֽןwill be givenN · נָתַן (H5414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַן (H5414) 'will be given'.
לָהּ֙to herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
לָב֣וֹאto enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
עִמָּ֔הּwith herprep + sfx 3fs · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with her'.
מִבֵּ֥יתfrom the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'from the house of'.
הַנָּשִׁ֖יםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
14

בָּעֶ֣רֶב הִ֣יא בָאָ֗ה וּ֠בַבֹּקֶר הִ֣יא שָׁבָ֞ה אֶל בֵּ֤ית הַנָּשִׁים֙ שֵׁנִ֔י אֶל יַ֧ד שַֽׁעֲשְׁגַ֛ז סְרִ֥יס הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַפִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑ים לֹא תָב֥וֹא עוֹד֙ אֶל הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֣י אִם חָפֵ֥ץ בָּ֛הּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְנִקְרְאָ֥ה בְשֵֽׁם

In the evening she went, and on the morrow she returned into the second house of the women, to the custody of Shaashgaz, the king's chamberlain, which kept the concubines: she came in to the king no more, except the king delighted in her, and that she were called by name.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'has come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
בָּעֶ֣רֶבin the eveningprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'in the evening'.
הִ֣יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
בָאָ֗הhas comeQal ptc fs · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'has come'.
וּ֠בַבֹּקֶרand in the morningconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'and in the morning'.
הִ֣יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
שָׁבָ֞הit had turned backQal ptc fs · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'it had turned back'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֤יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
הַנָּשִׁים֙the womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
שֵׁנִ֔יsecondAdj · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יַ֧דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
שַֽׁעֲשְׁגַ֛זShaashgazN · שַׁעַשְׁגַּז (H8190)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַשְׁגַּז (H8190) 'Shaashgaz'.
סְרִ֥יסofficer / official ofN c · סָרִיס (H5631)Construct chain (genitival)סָרִיס (H5631) 'officer / official of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
שֹׁמֵ֣רkeepQal ptc ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
הַפִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑יםthe concubinesart + N com f pl abs · פִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370) 'the concubines'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תָב֥וֹאyou comeQal impf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
עוֹד֙againart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
חָפֵ֥ץhe delightedQal perf 3ms · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפֵץ (H2654) 'he delighted'.
בָּ֛הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְנִקְרְאָ֥הand he calledconj וְ + Niphal perf 3fs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
בְשֵֽׁםin the name ofprep + N com m sg abs · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
15

וּבְהַגִּ֣יעַ תֹּר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר בַּת אֲבִיחַ֣יִל דֹּ֣ד מָרְדֳּכַ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ לָקַֽח ל֨וֹ לְבַ֜ת לָב֣וֹא אֶל הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ לֹ֤א בִקְשָׁה֙ דָּבָ֔ר כִּ֠י אִ֣ם אֶת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י סְרִיס הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֑ים וַתְּהִ֤י אֶסְתֵּר֙ נֹשֵׂ֣את חֵ֔ן בְּעֵינֵ֖י כָּל רֹאֶֽיהָ

Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her for his daughter, was come to go in to the king, she required nothing but what Hegai the king's chamberlain, the keeper of the women, appointed. And Esther obtained favour in the sight of all them that looked upon her.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'touches'.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
וּבְהַגִּ֣יעַtouchesconj וְ + prep + Hiphil inf constr · נָגַע (H5060)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָגַע (H5060) 'touches'.
תֹּרinN c · תּוֹר (H8447)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹר (H8447) 'in'.
אֶסְתֵּ֣רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
אֲבִיחַ֣יִלAbihailN · אֲבִיחַיִל (H32)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיחַיִל (H32) 'Abihail'.
דֹּ֣דthe uncle ofN c · דּוֹד (H1730)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹד (H1730) 'the uncle of'.
מָרְדֳּכַ֡יMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
אֲשֶׁר֩thatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לָקַֽחhe tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'he took'.
ל֨וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְבַ֜תto the daughter ofprep + N com f sg abs · בַּת (H1323)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת (H1323) 'to the daughter of'.
לָב֣וֹאto enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
בִקְשָׁה֙seekingPiel perf 3fs · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
דָּבָ֔רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
כִּ֠יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִ֣םifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יֹאמַ֛רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
הֵגַ֥יHegaiN · הֵגֵא (H1896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵגֵא (H1896) 'Hegai'.
סְרִיסofficer / official ofN c · סָרִיס (H5631)Construct chain (genitival)סָרִיס (H5631) 'officer / official of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
שֹׁמֵ֣רkeepQal ptc ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
הַנָּשִׁ֑יםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
וַתְּהִ֤יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
אֶסְתֵּר֙EstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
נֹשֵׂ֣אתcarryingQal ptc fs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'carrying'.
חֵ֔ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
בְּעֵינֵ֖יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
רֹאֶֽיהָand he sawQal ptc mp + sfx 3fs · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
16

וַתִּלָּקַ֨ח אֶסְתֵּ֜ר אֶל הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ֙ אֶל בֵּ֣ית מַלְכוּת֔וֹ בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִ֖י הוּא חֹ֣דֶשׁ טֵבֵ֑ת בִּשְׁנַת שֶׁ֖בַע לְמַלְכוּתֽוֹ

So Esther was taken to king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month, which the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַתִּלָּקַ֨חand he tookconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
אֶסְתֵּ֜רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמֶּ֤לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ֙AhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
מַלְכוּת֔וֹhis kingdomN c · מַלְכוּת (H4438)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְכוּת (H4438) 'his kingdom'.
בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁin the monthprep + art + N com m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'in the month'.
הָעֲשִׂירִ֖יthe tenthart + Adj · עֲשִׂירִי (H6224)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשִׂירִי (H6224) 'the tenth'.
הוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
חֹ֣דֶשׁoldN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'old'.
טֵבֵ֑תTebethN · טֵבֶת (H2887)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טֵבֶת (H2887) 'Tebeth'.
בִּשְׁנַתin the year ofprep + N com f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'in the year of'.
שֶׁ֖בַעsevenAdj · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'.
לְמַלְכוּתֽוֹhis kingdomprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · מַלְכוּת (H4438)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכוּת (H4438) 'his kingdom'.
17

וַיֶּאֱהַ֨ב הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֶת אֶסְתֵּר֙ מִכָּל הַנָּשִׁ֔ים וַתִּשָּׂא חֵ֥ן וָחֶ֛סֶד לְפָנָ֖יו מִכָּל הַבְּתוּלֹ֑ת וַיָּ֤שֶׂם כֶּֽתֶר מַלְכוּת֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֔הּ וַיַּמְלִיכֶ֖הָ תַּ֥חַת וַשְׁתִּֽי

And the king loved Esther above all the women, and she obtained grace and favour in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he set the royal crown upon her head, and made her queen instead of Vashti.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he loved'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֶּאֱהַ֨בand he lovedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָהַב (H157) 'and he loved'.
הַמֶּ֤לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֶסְתֵּר֙EstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
הַנָּשִׁ֔יםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the women'.
וַתִּשָּׂאand she liftedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and she lifted'.
חֵ֥ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
וָחֶ֛סֶדkindnessconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֶסֶד (H2617)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
לְפָנָ֖יוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before him'.
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
הַבְּתוּלֹ֑תvirginsart + N com f pl abs · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'virgins'.
וַיָּ֤שֶׂםand he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
כֶּֽתֶרcrownN c · כֶּתֶר (H3804)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּתֶר (H3804) 'crown'.
מַלְכוּת֙his kingdomN c · מַלְכוּת (H4438)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְכוּת (H4438) 'his kingdom'.
בְּרֹאשָׁ֔הּthe head ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
וַיַּמְלִיכֶ֖הָand reignedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַךְ (H4427) 'and reigned'.
תַּ֥חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
וַשְׁתִּֽיVashti. zN · וַשְׁתִּי (H2060)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)וַשְׁתִּי (H2060) 'Vashti. z'.
18

וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה גָד֗וֹל לְכָל שָׂרָיו֙ וַעֲבָדָ֔יו אֵ֖ת מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה אֶסְתֵּ֑ר וַהֲנָחָ֤ה לַמְּדִינוֹת֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֥ן מַשְׂאֵ֖ת כְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ

Then the king made a great feast to all his princes and his servants, Esther's feast; and he made a release to the provinces, and gave gifts, according to the state of the king.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he made'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיַּ֨עַשׂand he madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and he made'.
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
מִשְׁתֶּ֣הa feastN c · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
גָד֗וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
שָׂרָיו֙chief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
וַעֲבָדָ֔יוand his servantsconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'and his servants'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מִשְׁתֵּ֣הa feastN c · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
אֶסְתֵּ֑רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
וַהֲנָחָ֤הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · הֲנָחָה (H2010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֲנָחָה (H2010) 'and'.
לַמְּדִינוֹת֙(× every) provinceprep + art + N com f pl abs · מְדִינָה (H4082)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְדִינָה (H4082) '(× every) province'.
עָשָׂ֔הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
וַיִּתֵּ֥ןand he gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and he gave'.
מַשְׂאֵ֖תportionsN c · מַשְׂאֵת (H4864)Construct chain (genitival)מַשְׂאֵת (H4864) 'portions'.
כְּיַ֥דhis handprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
19

וּבְהִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖י יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּשַֽׁעַר הַמֶּֽלֶךְ

And when the virgins were gathered together the second time, then Mordecai sat in the king's gate.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he gathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וּבְהִקָּבֵ֥ץand he gatheredconj וְ + prep + Niphal inf constr · קָבַץ (H6908)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
בְּתוּל֖וֹתa virginN c · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Construct chain (genitival)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin'.
שֵׁנִ֑יתa second timeAdj · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁנִי (H8145) 'a second time'.
וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖יandconj וְ + N proper · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'and'.
יֹשֵׁ֥בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בְּשַֽׁעַרin the gate ofprep + N com m sg constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'in the gate of'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
20

אֵ֣ין אֶסְתֵּ֗ר מַגֶּ֤דֶת מֽוֹלַדְתָּהּ֙ וְאֶת עַמָּ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ מָרְדֳּכָ֑י וְאֶת מַאֲמַ֤ר מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עֹשָׂ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר הָיְתָ֥ה בְאָמְנָ֖ה אִתּֽוֹ

Esther had not shewed her kindred nor her people; as Mordecai had charged her: for Esther did the commandment of Mordecai, like as when she was brought up with him.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and it was told'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
אֶסְתֵּ֗רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
מַגֶּ֤דֶתand it was toldHiphil ptc fs · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
מֽוֹלַדְתָּהּ֙my kindredN c · מוֹלֶדֶת (H4138)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹלֶדֶת (H4138) 'my kindred'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
עַמָּ֔הּher peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'her people'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
מָרְדֳּכָ֑יMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
מַאֲמַ֤רcommandmentN c · מַאֲמַר (H3982)Construct chain (genitival)מַאֲמַר (H3982) 'commandment'.
מָרְדֳּכַי֙MordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
אֶסְתֵּ֣רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
עֹשָׂ֔הhe didQal ptc fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
הָיְתָ֥הwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
בְאָמְנָ֖הinprep + N com f sg abs · אׇמְנָה (H545)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אׇמְנָה (H545) 'in'.
אִתּֽוֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with him'.
21

בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖י יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ קָצַף֩ בִּגְתָ֨ן וָתֶ֜רֶשׁ שְׁנֵֽי סָרִיסֵ֤י הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ מִשֹּׁמְרֵ֣י הַסַּ֔ף וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ יָ֔ד בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵֽרֹשׁ

In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king's gate, two of the king's chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, were wroth, and sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'dwelling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
בַּיָּמִ֣יםin the daysprep + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'in the days'.
הָהֵ֔םthoseart + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'those'.
וּמָרְדֳּכַ֖יandconj וְ + N proper · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'and'.
יֹשֵׁ֣בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בְּשַֽׁעַרin the gate ofprep + N com m sg constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'in the gate of'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
קָצַף֩was wrathfulQal perf 3ms · קָצַף (H7107)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָצַף (H7107) 'was wrathful'.
בִּגְתָ֨ןBigthanN · בִּגְתָן (H904)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּגְתָן (H904) 'Bigthan'.
וָתֶ֜רֶשׁandconj וְ + N proper · תֶּרֶשׁ (H8657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֶּרֶשׁ (H8657) 'and'.
שְׁנֵֽיtwo ofAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two of'.
סָרִיסֵ֤יofficers ofN c · סָרִיס (H5631)Construct chain (genitival)סָרִיס (H5631) 'officers of'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
מִשֹּׁמְרֵ֣יand you shall keepprep + Qal ptc mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
הַסַּ֔ף(is) in the basinart + N com m sg abs · סַף (H5592)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סַף (H5592) '(is) in the basin'.
וַיְבַקְשׁוּ֙and they soughtconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'and they sought'.
לִשְׁלֹ֣חַto let goprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁלַח (H7971)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to let go'.
יָ֔דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
בַּמֶּ֖לֶךְagainst the king ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'against the king of'.
אֲחַשְׁוֵֽרֹשׁAhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
22

וַיִּוָּדַ֤ע הַדָּבָר֙ לְמָרְדֳּכַ֔י וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה וַתֹּ֧אמֶר אֶסְתֵּ֛ר לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּשֵׁ֥ם מָרְדֳּכָֽי

And the thing was known to Mordecai, who told to Esther the queen; and Esther certified the king in Mordecai's name.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'I know'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּוָּדַ֤עI knowconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
הַדָּבָר֙the wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
לְמָרְדֳּכַ֔יtoprep + N proper · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'to'.
וַיַּגֵּ֖דand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לְאֶסְתֵּ֣רtoprep + N proper · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'to'.
הַמַּלְכָּ֑הqueenart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
וַתֹּ֧אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
אֶסְתֵּ֛רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
לַמֶּ֖לֶךְto the king ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
בְּשֵׁ֥םin the name ofprep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
מָרְדֳּכָֽיMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
23

וַיְבֻקַּ֤שׁ הַדָּבָר֙ וַיִּמָּצֵ֔א וַיִּתָּל֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם עַל עֵ֑ץ וַיִּכָּתֵ֗ב בְּסֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ

And when inquisition was made of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sought'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיְבֻקַּ֤שׁand he soughtconj וְ + Pual wayyiqtol 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'and he sought'.
הַדָּבָר֙the wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
וַיִּמָּצֵ֔אand foundconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) 'and found'.
וַיִּתָּל֥וּhe hangedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · תָּלָה (H8518)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceתָּלָה (H8518) 'he hanged'.
שְׁנֵיהֶ֖םboth of themAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'both of them'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עֵ֑ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
וַיִּכָּתֵ֗בand he wroteconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · כָּתַב (H3789)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּתַב (H3789) 'and he wrote'.
בְּסֵ֛פֶרin the book ofprep + N com m sg constr · סֵפֶר (H5612)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'in the book of'.
דִּבְרֵ֥יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
הַיָּמִ֖יםthe daysart + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days'.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.