Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 3דברים 3

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Chapter 3 completes the Transjordan conquest: Og of Bashan falls, his sixty cities and legendary iron bed noted, and the land is allotted to Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh. Moses charges the armed vanguard and commissions Joshua, then pleads to cross the Jordan himself — and is refused, granted only a Pisgah-top vision of the land he may never enter.

Translation & textual notes

This chapter's Hebrew consonantal text is stable and well attested across MT witnesses, but several details invite comment. The crux of v. 11, 'a bed of iron' (עֶרֶשׂ בַּרְזֶל), has drawn extensive discussion: is the material literal iron (unusual for a bed frame in this period) or a description of a large basalt sarcophagus, basalt being locally abundant in Bashan and colloquially iron-dark? The verse's cubit measurements (nine by four, 'by the cubit of a man') suit either reading but favor a monumental funerary object. In v. 22 the verb 'you shall fear them' carries an anomalous doubled hiriq under the tav, a Masoretic pointing curiosity without variant consequence. V. 11's spelling of 'is it not' is defective, ordinary orthographic variation. Place-name data here (Sirion/Senir for Hermon, v. 9; Salecah, Edrei; Havvoth-jair) largely align with Numbers 32 and Joshua 12-13, though boundary differences involving Machir reflect independent tribal-allotment traditions rather than textual corruption. Ketiv/Qere issues are minimal; the LXX broadly supports MT, with routine variation in place-name transliteration. The chapter is textually unremarkable relative to its historically and theologically dense content.

1

וַנֵּ֣פֶן וַנַּ֔עַל דֶּ֖רֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן וַיֵּצֵ֣א עוֹג֩ מֶֽלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֨ן לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ ה֧וּא וְכָל עַמּ֛וֹ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֶדְרֶֽעִי

Then we turned and went up the way to Bashan, and Og king of Bashan came out to meet us, he and all his people, for battle at Edrei.

Narrative resumption / mainline sequencewayyiqtol (וַ)
Opens the Og campaign as a direct continuation of the itinerary narrated in chapter 2 (note the chain וַנֵּפֶן...וַנַּעַל...וַיֵּצֵא). Og's advance to Edrei is foregrounded as the pivot that sets up the second Transjordan conquest, structurally paralleling the Sihon episode of 2:26-37.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַנֵּ֣פֶןand we turnedQal wayyiqtol 1cp · פָּנָה (H6437)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (resumes the itinerary)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּנָה (H6437) 'to turn'; resumes the Deuteronomic itinerary formula from 2:1, pivoting the march northward toward Bashan. Source id 05Ggr.
וַנַּ֔עַלand we went upQal wayyiqtol 1cp · עָלָה (H5927)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'to go up, ascend'; the march climbs toward Bashan's plateau. Source id 05hnA.
דֶּ֖רֶךְthe way ofN com sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Adverbial accusative (path/direction)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'way, road, journey'; construct governing הַבָּשָׁן, 'the road to Bashan.' Source id 057tY.
הַבָּשָׁ֑ןBashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complement of דֶּרֶךְ (construct chain)בָּשָׁן (H1316), the fertile plateau region north-east of the Sea of Galilee — Og's kingdom, famed for oaks and cattle. Source id 052Dp.
וַיֵּצֵ֣אand he came outQal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'to go/come out'; of a military sortie — Og advances to meet Israel in the field. Source id 05BQa.
עוֹג֩OgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Subject of וַיֵּצֵאעוֹג (H5747), king of Bashan, remembered as the last surviving Rephaite giant (v. 11). Source id 05qNm.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to עוֹג (construct chain)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'; the construct chain מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן identifies Og's realm. Source id 054xx.
הַבָּשָׁ֨ןBashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complement (construct chain)בָּשָׁן (H1316), naming Og's kingdom a second time in the verse. Source id 05E57.
לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּto meet usprep לְ + Qal inf constr + 1cp sfx · קָרָא / קִרְאָה (H7125)Purpose/directional infinitival phrase→ Infinitive construct: the goal of Og's advanceקרא (H7125), the idiom לִקְרַאת 'to meet, against'; here a hostile encounter — Og sallies out to engage Israel. Source id 05zfG.
ה֧וּאheindependent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Resumptive/emphatic subject pronoun (in apposition to עוֹג)הוּא (H1931), the 3ms independent pronoun, emphasizing Og's personal leadership of the sortie. Source id 05y3Z.
וְכָלand all ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate subject (construct chain, 'all his people')כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct governing עַמּוֹ. Source id 05vtM.
עַמּ֛וֹhis peopleN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · עַם (H5971)Genitive complement / coordinate subject with הוּאעַם (H5971) 'people, troops'; Og's army mustered for the field engagement. Source id 05BNu.
לַמִּלְחָמָ֖הfor the battleprep לְ + art + N f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Purpose prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war, battle,' from לָחַם 'to fight.' Source id 05QTj.
אֶדְרֶֽעִיat EdreiN proper · אֶדְרֶעִי (H154)Locative (adverbial, site of the battle)אֶדְרֶעִי (H154), one of Og's royal cities (with Ashtaroth), site of the decisive engagement (cf. 1:4). Source id 05Tgd.
2

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ אַל תִּירָ֣א אֹת֔וֹ כִּ֣י בְיָדְךָ֞ נָתַ֧תִּי אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת כָּל עַמּ֖וֹ וְאֶת אַרְצ֑וֹ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֗יתָ לְסִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּֽוֹן

And YHWH said to me, 'Do not fear him, for I have given him and all his people and his land into your hand; and you shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon.'

Narrative continuation; introduces divine reassurance-oracleוַ (wayyiqtol)
YHWH's oracle explicitly invokes the Sihon precedent (2:26-37) as both warrant and template: the causal כִּי clause grounds the prohibition of fear in a victory already granted, and the כַּאֲשֶׁר comparison frames the coming conquest of Og as patterned repetition of demonstrated divine faithfulness.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces direct discourse)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces YHWH's oracle authorizing the Og campaign. Source id 05hAp.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריְהוָה (H3068), the Tetragrammaton, Israel's covenant God, here speaking directly to Moses. Source id 05KNK.
אֵלַי֙to meprep אֶל + 1cs sfx · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (pronominal indirect object)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; with 1cs suffix marks Moses as the recipient of the oracle. Source id 05nk3.
אַלdo notnegative particle · אַל (H408)Negative particle (prohibition, with jussive)אַל (H408), the negative of prohibition/entreaty (situational 'do not'), distinct from the absolute negator לֹא. Source id 05wj3.
תִּירָ֣אyou shall fearQal jussive 2ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb of prohibition (main clause of direct speech)→ Jussive (negated): a volitional command against fearיָרֵא (H3372) 'to fear, be afraid'; אַל + jussive forms the classic Hebrew prohibition. Source id 05vFK.
אֹת֔וֹhimobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of תִּירָא)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with pronominal suffix, marking Og as the object of the forbidden fear. Source id 05QNk.
כִּ֣יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction (grounds the prohibition)כִּי (H3588) 'for, because'; introduces YHWH's warrant — the victory already granted. Source id 05h1i.
בְיָדְךָ֞into your handprep בְּ + N com sg constr + 2ms sfx · יָד (H3027)Locative/instrumental prepositional phrase (fronted for emphasis)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; idiom נָתַן בְּיַד 'to give into the hand of' = to hand over to defeat. Source id 05c5a.
נָתַ֧תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective (prophetic/performative): the outcome declared as already settledנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; a 'prophetic perfect' — God speaks the victory as accomplished before the battle is fought. Source id 05MZK.
אֹת֛וֹhimobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of נָתַתִּי (first object)אֵת (H853) + 3ms suffix, referring to Og — the first of three objects given. Source id 05Hx4.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)וְ joins the second object; אֵת marks כָּל עַמּוֹ as definite. Source id 05f6t.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (second direct object, 'all his people')כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; governs עַמּוֹ. Source id 05BzF.
עַמּ֖וֹhis peopleN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · עַם (H5971)Genitive complement (second direct object)עַם (H5971) 'people'; Og's populace included in the gift of victory. Source id 05mrv.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (third object)וְ joins the third object; אֵת marks אַרְצוֹ as definite. Source id 05TVv.
אַרְצ֑וֹhis landN com sg constr + 3ms sfx · אֶרֶץ (H776)Third direct object of נָתַתִּיאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, territory'; completes the triad — king, people, land — handed over. Source id 05ZUH.
וְעָשִׂ֣יתָand you shall doQal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the command)→ Weqatal: a future obligation consequent on the preceding declarationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; here 'to deal with' (a defeated king) in a specified way. Source id 05HWF.
לּ֔וֹto himprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object of וְעָשִׂיתָ)לְ + 3ms suffix, referring to Og as the one to be treated according to the Sihon precedent. Source id 05rhu.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust asprep כְּ + relative · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative conjunction (introduces the standard of comparison)כַּאֲשֶׁר (כְּ + אֲשֶׁר, H834) 'just as, according as'; ties Og's fate to the Sihon precedent already narrated. Source id 057YX.
עָשִׂ֗יתָyou didQal perf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (subordinate comparative clause)→ Perfective: a completed precedent actעָשָׂה (H6213), recalling Israel's treatment of Sihon (2:26-37, herem) as the template now applied to Og. Source id 05caE.
לְסִיחֹן֙to Sihonprep לְ + N proper · סִיחוֹן (H5511)Prepositional phrase (indirect object, recipient of the prior action)סִיחוֹן (H5511), king of Heshbon defeated in ch. 2; his fate becomes the pattern for Og's. Source id 05w2r.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to סִיחֹן (construct)מֶלֶךְ (H4428); identifies Sihon's royal title. Source id 05j2a.
הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔יthe Amoriteart + N gentilic m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Genitive complement (gentilic, construct chain)אֱמֹרִי (H567), the gentilic 'Amorite'; Sihon's people-group, cf. 1:4. Source id 054ei.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying Sihon)אֲשֶׁר (H834), the invariable Hebrew relative particle/pronoun. Source id 05iQS.
יוֹשֵׁ֖בwas dwellingQal ptc ms abs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the relative clause (substantival participle)→ Participle: durative background circumstanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, live'; describes Sihon's seat of power at Heshbon. Source id 05pu1.
בְּחֶשְׁבּֽוֹןin Heshbonprep בְּ + N proper · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809)Locative prepositional phraseחֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809), Sihon's capital, captured in 2:26-37. Source id 059Gr.
3

וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ בְּיָדֵ֗נוּ גַּ֛ם אֶת ע֥וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֖ן וְאֶת כָּל עַמּ֑וֹ וַנַּכֵּ֕הוּ עַד בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר ל֖וֹ שָׂרִֽיד

And YHWH our God gave into our hand also Og king of Bashan and all his people, and we struck him down until no survivor was left to him.

Narrative fulfillment / battle reportוַ (wayyiqtol)
The wayyiqtol chain narrates the fulfillment of YHWH's oracle in v. 2 in three beats — divine gift (וַיִּתֵּן), Israel's decisive strike (וַנַּכֵּהוּ), and the totalizing outcome (עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ שָׂרִיד) — the last already sounding the herem language made explicit in v. 6.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיִּתֵּן֩and he gaveQal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (fulfillment of the v. 2 promise)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414); the gift YHWH declared in v. 2 now becomes narrated historical fact. Source id 05jGA.
יְהוָ֨הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject (head of apposition with אֱלֹהֵינוּ)יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name, here joined with 'our God' to stress the relational bond behind the victory. Source id 05Q9B.
אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּour GodN m pl constr + 1cp sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה (subject)אֱלֹהִים (H430), plural of majesty; with 1cp suffix frames the victory as covenantal, given to 'our' God's own people. Source id 058LK.
בְּיָדֵ֗נוּinto our handprep בְּ + N com sg constr + 1cp sfx · יָד (H3027)Locative/instrumental prepositional phraseיָד (H3027); the victory idiom now corporate — 'our' hand, all Israel. Source id 05aWe.
גַּ֛םalsofocus particle · גַּם (H1571)Additive/focus particle (adds Og to the Sihon precedent)גַּם (H1571) 'also, even'; explicitly links Og's defeat to Sihon's as a second instance of the same divine act. Source id 05JRh.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marks עוֹג as object of וַיִּתֵּן)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated in English. Source id 05iqH.
ע֥וֹגOgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Direct object of וַיִּתֵּןעוֹג (H5747), the Bashanite king now given into Israel's hand. Source id 054ze.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to עוֹג (construct)מֶלֶךְ (H4428); repeats Og's royal title. Source id 05Eur.
הַבָּשָׁ֖ןBashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complement (construct chain)בָּשָׁן (H1316), Og's kingdom. Source id 05e9g.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)וְ joins the second object; אֵת marks כָּל עַמּוֹ as definite. Source id 05hHu.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (second direct object)כֹּל (H3605); governs עַמּוֹ. Source id 05C47.
עַמּ֑וֹhis peopleN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · עַם (H5971)Genitive complement (second direct object)עַם (H5971); Og's population/army, taken with him. Source id 05TWu.
וַנַּכֵּ֕הוּand we struck him downHiphil wayyiqtol 1cp + 3ms sfx · נָכָה (H5221)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (Israel's decisive response)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike, smite, defeat'; the standard Hebrew verb for battlefield victory/slaughter. Source id 05EWV.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal/terminative preposition (introduces the result clause)עַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'; here marking the totality of the defeat. Source id 05nDr.
בִּלְתִּ֥יwithout, so that notnegative particle · בִּלְתִּי (H1115)Negative particle forming the result clause with עַד ('until there was not')בִּלְתִּי (H1115), negative particle; combined with עַד yields 'until none remained.' Source id 05NH6.
הִשְׁאִֽירhe leftHiphil perf 3ms · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb of the עַד בִּלְתִּי result clause→ Perfective: the totalizing (negated) outcome of the battleשָׁאַר (H7604) Hiphil 'to leave remaining'; negated here to stress complete destruction — no survivor left. Source id 05PP2.
ל֖וֹto himprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of possession, 'belonging to him')לְ + 3ms suffix, referring to Og — 'no survivor belonging to him.' Source id 05sgH.
שָׂרִֽידa survivorN m sg abs · שָׂרִיד (H8300)Direct object of הִשְׁאִירשָׂרִיד (H8300) 'survivor, remnant'; total-annihilation formula, anticipating the explicit ban of v. 6. Source id 057YZ.
4

וַנִּלְכֹּ֤ד אֶת כָּל עָרָיו֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לֹ֤א הָֽיְתָה֙ קִרְיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא לָקַ֖חְנוּ מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים עִיר֙ כָּל חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב מַמְלֶ֥כֶת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָֽׁן

And we captured all his cities at that time; there was not a city that we did not take from them — sixty cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.

Narrative summary / itemized conquest reportוַ (wayyiqtol)
Moves from the single battle at Edrei to a sweeping territorial claim: the emphatic negated-relative clause ('there was not a city we did not take') rhetorically forecloses any exception before the precise tally (sixty) and the technical term חֶבֶל (a surveyed 'region') fix Argob's extent in the record.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַנִּלְכֹּ֤דand we capturedQal wayyiqtol 1cp · לָכַד (H3920)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָכַד (H3920) 'to seize, capture' (of cities/fortresses); the itemizing summary of the conquest begins here. Source id 05DLP.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marks כָּל עָרָיו)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi. Source id 05Wgd.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (direct object)כֹּל (H3605); governs עָרָיו. Source id 05tA5.
עָרָיו֙his citiesN f pl constr + 3ms sfx · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement / direct objectעִיר (H5892) 'city'; feminine plural with 3ms suffix, Og's network of cities. Source id 05FQu.
בָּעֵ֣תat the timeprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Temporal prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) 'time'; with the following demonstrative forms the recurring formula 'at that time.' Source id 05rxc.
הַהִ֔ואthatart + demonstrative pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Demonstrative modifier of עֵתהִיא (H1931), fem. pronoun used demonstratively with the article; this 'at that time' formula recurs throughout the chapter (vv. 4, 8, 12, 18, 21, 23). Source id 05185.
לֹ֤אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle (absolute negation, main clause)לֹא (H3808), the ordinary negator of indicative statements. Source id 05ssA.
הָֽיְתָה֙there wasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (negated existential clause)→ Perfective (negated existential): categorically denies any exceptionהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; existential use, 'there did not exist [a city we did not take].' Source id 05un2.
קִרְיָ֔הa cityN f sg abs · קִרְיָה (H7151)Subject of הָיְתָהקִרְיָה (H7151), elevated/poetic synonym of עִיר 'city, town.' Source id 054Ei.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces the relative clause modifying קִרְיָה)אֲשֶׁר (H834), the Hebrew relative particle. Source id 05wp8.
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle (within the relative clause)לֹא (H3808), negating לָקַחְנוּ. Source id 05fZr.
לָקַ֖חְנוּwe tookQal perf 1cp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb of the relative clause (negated)→ Perfective (negated): a completed action denied categoricallyלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, seize'; near-synonym of לָכַד for capturing cities. Source id 05qsm.
מֵֽאִתָּ֑םfrom themprep מִן + prep אֵת + 3mp sfx · מֵאֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (source, 'from them')אֵת (H854) 'with' + מִן 'from'; compound מֵאֵת 'from with, from,' referring to the cities' defenders. Source id 05Yvd.
שִׁשִּׁ֥יםsixtycardinal num com pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Numeral modifier (summary total, in apposition)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty', cardinal number; the famous tally of Argob's walled cities. Source id 05qo8.
עִיר֙citiesN f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Head noun of the numbered phrase ('sixty cities')עִיר (H5892) 'city'; the singular form used distributively after a numeral. Source id 05Rvz.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Apposition (re-identifies the sixty cities as the whole region)כֹּל (H3605); governs חֶבֶל אַרְגֹּב. Source id 05UiP.
חֶ֣בֶלthe region ofN com sg constr · חֶבֶל (H2256)Construct chain (governs אַרְגֹּב)חֶבֶל (H2256) 'rope, measuring-line' hence 'region, district' — territory marked out by a cord. Source id 05zc2.
אַרְגֹּ֔בArgobN proper · אַרְגֹּב (H709)Genitive complement (place-name)אַרְגֹּב (H709), the district within Bashan famed for its sixty fortified cities (v. 5). Source id 05jWU.
מַמְלֶ֥כֶתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Apposition (further identifies the territory)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'kingdom, dominion.' Source id 05WRL.
ע֖וֹגOgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Genitive complement (construct chain)עוֹג (H5747). Source id 05MEe.
בַּבָּשָֽׁןin Bashanprep בְּ + art + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Locative prepositional phraseבָּשָׁן (H1316); closes the verse by locating Og's whole kingdom geographically. Source id 05Lz7.
5

כָּל אֵ֜לֶּה עָרִ֧ים בְּצֻר֛וֹת חוֹמָ֥ה גְבֹהָ֖ה דְּלָתַ֣יִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ לְבַ֛ד מֵעָרֵ֥י הַפְּרָזִ֖י הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד

All these were fortified cities, with high walls, gates, and bars — besides a great many unwalled towns.

Descriptive amplification (parenthetical aside)asyndeton
A verbless, descriptive aside subordinate to v. 4's summary: the triad wall / gate / bar paints Argob's sixty cities as formidable strongholds Israel nonetheless overcame, while the closing 'besides very many unwalled towns' (הַפְּרָזִי) hints at an even larger, undefended hinterland beyond the tally.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (subject, 'all these')כֹּל (H3605); governs אֵלֶּה, referring back to the sixty cities of v. 4. Source id 05C5b.
אֵ֜לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron com pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Genitive complement / subject (demonstrative)אֵלֶּה (H428), common plural demonstrative pronoun. Source id 05KGK.
עָרִ֧יםcitiesN f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Predicate nominativeעִיר (H5892) plural, restating 'cities' as the class now described. Source id 05V8j.
בְּצֻר֛וֹתfortifiedadj f pl abs · בָּצוּר (H1219)Attributive adjective (modifying עָרִים)בָּצוּר (H1219) 'fortified, inaccessible', passive-adjectival form of בָּצַר 'to cut off, wall in.' Source id 05PaR.
חוֹמָ֥הwith a wallN f sg abs · חוֹמָה (H2346)Adverbial accusative of specificationחוֹמָה (H2346) 'city wall'; first of the triad wall/gate/bar describing the fortifications. Source id 05Env.
גְבֹהָ֖הhighadj f sg abs · גָּבֹהַּ (H1364)Attributive adjective (modifying חוֹמָה)גָּבֹהַּ (H1364) 'high, tall.' Source id 058Dt.
דְּלָתַ֣יִםgatesN f dual abs · דֶּלֶת (H1817)Adverbial accusative (further specification)דֶּלֶת (H1817) 'door, gate-leaf'; dual form denotes the two-leaved city gate. Source id 05iSw.
וּבְרִ֑יחַand a barconj וְ + N m sg abs · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Coordinate adverbial accusativeבְּרִיחַ (H1280) 'bar, bolt' securing the gate — completes the fortification triad. Source id 05cX6.
לְבַ֛דbesidesprep לְ + N m sg abs (idiom) · בַּד (H905)Adverbial phrase of exceptionבַּד (H905) 'separation, part'; the idiom לְבַד 'apart from, besides' introduces an additional, unwalled category of settlement. Source id 05nM3.
מֵעָרֵ֥יfrom the towns ofprep מִן + N f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Prepositional phrase (exception, governed by לְבַד)עִיר (H5892), construct plural with מִן: 'apart from the towns of...' Source id 057Xe.
הַפְּרָזִ֖יthe open countryart + N m sg abs · פְּרָזִי (H6521)Genitive complementפְּרָזִי (H6521) 'open country, unwalled village' (collective), contrasted with the fortified cities just described (cf. Ezek 38:11). Source id 05noN.
הַרְבֵּ֥הmany, in abundanceHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Adverbial infinitive absolute (intensifies quantity)→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic adverbial intensificationרָבָה (H7235) Hiphil infinitive absolute 'to be much/many', used adverbially = 'exceedingly, in great number.' Source id 05hHR.
מְאֹֽדveryadverb · מְאֹד (H3966)Adverb (intensifier paired with הַרְבֵּה)מְאֹד (H3966) 'very, exceedingly'; reinforces הַרְבֵּה for maximal emphasis on the sheer number of unwalled towns. Source id 05CoS.
6

וַנַּחֲרֵ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔ינוּ לְסִיחֹ֖ן מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן הַחֲרֵם֙ כָּל עִ֣יר מְתִ֔ם הַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַטָּֽף

And we devoted them to destruction, as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, devoting to destruction every city — men, women, and children.

Narrative climax / execution of the banוַ (wayyiqtol)
Names the ḥerem explicitly for the first time in the chapter (elsewhere only implied by 'no survivor,' v. 3); the resumptive infinitive absolute הַחֲרֵם spells out its totalizing scope — every city, and within each city men, women, and children — again anchored to the Sihon precedent as legal template (cf. 20:16-18).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַנַּחֲרֵ֣םand we devoted to destructionHiphil wayyiqtol 1cp · חָרַם (H2763)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (climactic action)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָרַם (H2763) Hiphil 'to devote to destruction, place under the ban (ḥerem)'; total, irrevocable consecration of the conquered to destruction. Source id 05KXg.
אוֹתָ֔םthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וַנַּחֲרֵםאֵת (H853) + 3mp suffix, referring to Bashan's cities and population. Source id 05Gq2.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust asprep כְּ + relative · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative conjunctionכַּאֲשֶׁר (H834), again invoking the Sihon precedent as the legal template for the ban. Source id 05sk8.
עָשִׂ֔ינוּwe didQal perf 1cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (comparative subordinate clause)→ Perfective: a completed precedent actעָשָׂה (H6213), recalling the treatment of Sihon (2:34) as precedent for the ban on Og. Source id 05Vfr.
לְסִיחֹ֖ןto Sihonprep לְ + N proper · סִיחוֹן (H5511)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)סִיחוֹן (H5511). Source id 05tkY.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to סִיחֹן (construct)מֶלֶךְ (H4428). Source id 05r5i.
חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹןHeshbonN proper · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809)Genitive complement (place-name)חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809), Sihon's capital. Source id 052bH.
הַחֲרֵם֙devoting to destructionHiphil inf abs · חָרַם (H2763)Adverbial infinitive absolute (resumes and specifies the scope of the ban)→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic resumption spelling out the totalizing scopeחָרַם (H2763) Hiphil infinitive absolute, resuming וַנַּחֲרֵם to detail exactly what the ban covered. Source id 05wCy.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (object of the infinitive, distributive)כֹּל (H3605) 'every, all.' Source id 052ee.
עִ֣ירcityN f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement / direct object (distributive)עִיר (H5892) 'city', singular distributive after כָּל. Source id 05b7E.
מְתִ֔םmenN m pl abs · מְתִים (H4962)Adverbial accusative (specification of the population devoted)מְתִים (H4962), poetic plural 'men, mortals'; first term in the men/women/children herem formula. Source id 0545a.
הַנָּשִׁ֖יםthe womenart + N f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Coordinate adverbial accusativeאִשָּׁה (H802) plural 'women'; second term of the herem formula. Source id 05Gby.
וְהַטָּֽףand the childrenconj וְ + art + N m sg abs (collective) · טַף (H2945)Coordinate adverbial accusativeטַף (H2945) 'children, little ones' (collective); completes the total-population herem formula. Source id 05t6e.
7

וְכָל הַבְּהֵמָ֛ה וּשְׁלַ֥ל הֶעָרִ֖ים בַּזּ֥וֹנוּ לָֽנוּ

But all the livestock and the spoil of the cities we took as plunder for ourselves.

Contrastive qualification of the banוְ (adversative)
The chapter's one explicit exception to the total ban: unlike the human population (ḥerem, v. 6), livestock and movable goods were exempted and retained — the same distinction drawn for Sihon's territory in 2:35, showing the ban fell on persons, not property.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְכָלbut all ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (subject, contrastive with the banned items of v. 6)כֹּל (H3605); the וְ here is adversative, marking the one exception to the ḥerem. Source id 054wi.
הַבְּהֵמָ֛הthe livestockart + N f sg abs (collective) · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Genitive complement / subjectבְּהֵמָה (H929) 'beast, cattle, livestock' (collective). Source id 05LNA.
וּשְׁלַ֥לand the spoil ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · שָׁלָל (H7998)Coordinate subject (construct chain)שָׁלָל (H7998) 'plunder, spoil.' Source id 05bU4.
הֶעָרִ֖יםthe citiesart + N f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complementעִיר (H5892) plural, the captured cities of Bashan. Source id 05R6Q.
בַּזּ֥וֹנוּwe took as spoilQal perf 1cp · בָּזַז (H962)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּזַז (H962) 'to plunder, seize as spoil'; distinguishes movable goods (retained) from persons (banned in v. 6). Source id 05LiE.
לָֽנוּfor ourselvesprep לְ + 1cp sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of advantage)לְ + 1cp suffix; the plunder is retained by Israel, unlike the banned human population. Source id 05uCS.
8

וַנִּקַּ֞ח בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִוא֙ אֶת הָאָ֔רֶץ מִיַּ֗ד שְׁנֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן מִנַּ֥חַל אַרְנֹ֖ן עַד הַ֥ר חֶרְמֽוֹן

So at that time we took the land from the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the Wadi Arnon to Mount Hermon.

Summary transition (recapitulates the whole Transjordan conquest)וַ (wayyiqtol)
Pivots from the Og narrative specifically to the entire Transjordan campaign, pairing Sihon and Og together as 'the two kings of the Amorites' and framing the conquered territory by its natural boundaries — Arnon in the south, Hermon in the north — as the preamble to the detailed tribal allotment beginning in v. 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַנִּקַּ֞חand we tookQal wayyiqtol 1cp · לָקַח (H3947)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (summarizing conclusion)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; here of territorial acquisition — summing up the whole conquest just narrated. Source id 05taS.
בָּעֵ֤תat the timeprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Temporal prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) 'time.' Source id 05Erp.
הַהִוא֙thatart + demonstrative pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Demonstrative modifier of עֵתהִיא (H1931); the recurring 'at that time' formula. Source id 05azc.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marks הָאָרֶץ)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi. Source id 05HpH.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of וַנִּקַּחאֶרֶץ (H776); the whole Transjordan territory just conquered (Sihon's and Og's realms together). Source id 05wcd.
מִיַּ֗דfrom the hand ofprep מִן + N com sg constr · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phrase (source)יָד (H3027); idiom 'from the hand of' = from the control/power of. Source id 05DR2.
שְׁנֵי֙two ofcardinal num m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral construct (modifies מַלְכֵי)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; in construct, 'two of the kings.' Source id 058MF.
מַלְכֵ֣יthe kings ofN m pl constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Genitive complement (construct chain)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) plural construct, referring jointly to Sihon and Og. Source id 055wJ.
הָאֱמֹרִ֔יthe Amorite(s)art + N gentilic m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Genitive complement (gentilic, construct chain)אֱמֹרִי (H567), collective singular covering both kings' peoples. Source id 05AuA.
אֲשֶׁ֖רwhorelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying the two kings)אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05pa7.
בְּעֵ֣בֶרwere beyondprep בְּ + N com sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Predicate prepositional phrase (locative, within the relative clause)עֵבֶר (H5676) 'side, region across'; idiom עֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן 'beyond/across the Jordan.' Source id 051Q7.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ןthe Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Genitive complement (construct chain)יַרְדֵּן (H3383), the river marking the eastern edge of the land conquered so far. Source id 05147.
מִנַּ֥חַלfrom the wadi ofprep מִן + N com sg constr · נַחַל (H5158)Prepositional phrase (spatial extent, southern limit)נַחַל (H5158) 'wadi, stream, valley.' Source id 05qpX.
אַרְנֹ֖ןArnonN proper · אַרְנוֹן (H769)Genitive complement (place-name)אַרְנוֹן (H769), the river marking the southern border of the conquered Amorite territory (border with Moab). Source id 05eEg.
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional conjunction (spatial extent, terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, until.' Source id 05FHa.
הַ֥רMountN m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (governs Hermon)הַר (H2022) 'mountain, hill country.' Source id 05ExS.
חֶרְמֽוֹןHermonN proper · חֶרְמוֹן (H2768)Genitive complement (place-name, northern limit)חֶרְמוֹן (H2768), the northern boundary peak — called Sirion by the Sidonians and Senir by the Amorites (v. 9). Source id 0516M.
9

צִידֹנִ֛ים יִקְרְא֥וּ לְחֶרְמ֖וֹן שִׂרְיֹ֑ן וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י יִקְרְאוּ ל֖וֹ שְׂנִֽיר

(The Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir.)

Geographic/antiquarian gloss (parenthetical)asyndeton
An editorial aside supplying the alternate regional names for Hermon known to Phoenician (Sidonian) and Amorite speakers respectively — a small window onto the chapter's antiquarian interest in place-name traditions, matched later by the aside on the Rephaim and Og's bed of iron (v. 11).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
צִידֹנִ֛יםSidoniansN gentilic m pl abs · צִידֹנִי (H6722)Subject of יִקְרְאוּצִידֹנִי (H6722), gentilic plural, Phoenician inhabitants of Sidon. Source id 05nj6.
יִקְרְא֥וּcallQal impf (yiqtol) 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (main clause, gnomic present)→ Yiqtol: gnomic/habitual — a standing naming customקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; timeless present describing an ongoing naming practice. Source id 057hm.
לְחֶרְמ֖וֹןHermonprep לְ + N proper · חֶרְמוֹן (H2768)Prepositional phrase marking the object named (idiom קָרָא לְ)חֶרְמוֹן (H2768); the idiom 'to call X by the name Y' uses לְ before the item named. Source id 05yrZ.
שִׂרְיֹ֑ןSirionN proper · שִׂרְיוֹן (H8303)Predicate complement (the name given)שִׂרְיוֹן (H8303), the Sidonian/Phoenician name for Mount Hermon. Source id 05cpd.
וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔יand the Amorite(s)conj וְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Coordinate subject (gentilic, collective)אֱמֹרִי (H567), collective singular for the Amorite people, offering a second naming tradition for Hermon. Source id 05QR7.
יִקְרְאוּcallQal impf (yiqtol) 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (main clause, gnomic present)→ Yiqtol: gnomic/habitual — a standing naming customקָרָא (H7121), repeated for the Amorite naming tradition. Source id 05388.
ל֖וֹitprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (object named, resumptive of Hermon)לְ + 3ms suffix, resuming Hermon as the item renamed. Source id 05D9B.
שְׂנִֽירSenirN proper · שְׂנִיר (H8149)Predicate complement (the Amorite name)שְׂנִיר (H8149), the Amorite name for Hermon, also attested in Song 4:8 and Ezek 27:5. Source id 05KQr.
10

כֹּ֣ל עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֗ר וְכָל הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְכָל הַבָּשָׁ֔ן עַד סַלְכָ֖ה וְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי עָרֵ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָֽׁן

All the cities of the plateau, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, as far as Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.

Territorial itemization (elaborates v. 8's boundary summary)asyndeton
A verbless geographical list expanding v. 8's Arnon-to-Hermon frame into named regions — the plateau, Gilead, Bashan — and named boundary cities (Salecah, Edrei), preparing the ground for the precise tribal division that follows in vv. 12-17.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כֹּ֣לall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (subject)כֹּל (H3605); governs עָרֵי הַמִּישֹׁר. Source id 05bRM.
עָרֵ֣יthe cities ofN f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement (construct chain)עִיר (H5892) plural construct. Source id 05TPs.
הַמִּישֹׁ֗רthe plateauart + N m sg abs · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Genitive complementמִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'level place, plain, plateau'; the tableland north of the Arnon (the Medeba/Moabite plain). Source id 05Mef.
וְכָלand all ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct chain (subject)כֹּל (H3605); governs הַגִּלְעָד. Source id 05UeD.
הַגִּלְעָד֙Gileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Genitive complement (place-name)גִּלְעָד (H1568), the hill-country region south of Bashan, later divided between Reuben/Gad and Machir (vv. 12-13). Source id 05Ddz.
וְכָלand all ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct chain (subject)כֹּל (H3605); governs הַבָּשָׁן. Source id 05VYG.
הַבָּשָׁ֔ןBashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complement (place-name)בָּשָׁן (H1316). Source id 05zd1.
עַדas far asprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional conjunction (spatial extent)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, until.' Source id 05mw6.
סַלְכָ֖הSalecahN proper · סַלְכָה (H5548)Locative complement (place-name, eastern boundary city)סַלְכָה (H5548), a Bashanite city on the eastern frontier (modern Salkhad). Source id 054AV.
וְאֶדְרֶ֑עִיand Edreiconj וְ + N proper · אֶדְרֶעִי (H154)Coordinate locative complementאֶדְרֶעִי (H154), Og's royal city and site of the decisive battle (v. 1). Source id 05RJM.
עָרֵ֛יthe cities ofN f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Apposition (summarizes the preceding list, construct)עִיר (H5892) plural construct, restating the whole list as 'cities of the kingdom of Og.' Source id 05ZPm.
מַמְלֶ֥כֶתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Genitive complement (construct chain)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'kingdom, dominion.' Source id 05aZX.
ע֖וֹגOgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Genitive complementעוֹג (H5747). Source id 05QJg.
בַּבָּשָֽׁןin Bashanprep בְּ + art + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Locative prepositional phraseבָּשָׁן (H1316); closes the geographic itemization. Source id 05P5E.
11

כִּ֣י רַק ע֞וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֗ן נִשְׁאַר֮ מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָרְפָאִים֒ הִנֵּ֤ה עַרְשׂוֹ֙ עֶ֣רֶשׂ בַּרְזֶ֔ל הֲלֹ֣ה הִ֔וא בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן תֵּ֧שַׁע אַמּ֣וֹת אָרְכָּ֗הּ וְאַרְבַּ֥ע אַמּ֛וֹת רָחְבָּ֖הּ בְּאַמַּת אִֽישׁ

For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. Behold, his bed was a bed of iron — is it not in Rabbah of the Ammonites? Nine cubits was its length, and four cubits its width, by the common cubit.

Antiquarian aside / etiological notice (grounds Og's legendary stature)כִּי
The chapter's most celebrated crux: an aside, evidently composed after Og's death, cites his iron bed preserved at Rabbah as tangible, checkable proof of the Rephaim tradition — the הֲלוֹא formula explicitly invites verification. עֶרֶשׂ בַּרְזֶל has been read literally (an iron bed-frame, striking for the era) or as a report of Og's black basalt sarcophagus (basalt being locally abundant and iron-dark); at roughly 4 x 1.8 m by the ordinary cubit, the object is monumental either way — visible testimony to gigantic stature bridging the Rephaim of Genesis to the conquest generation.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
כִּ֣יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction (explains Og's exceptional note)כִּי (H3588) 'for'; introduces the antiquarian aside grounding Og's legendary stature. Source id 05yrH.
רַקonlyrestrictive particle · רַק (H7535)Restrictive/focus particle (limits the subject to Og alone)רַק (H7535) 'only, surely'; emphasizes Og's uniqueness — the last of a legendary race. Source id 05sud.
ע֞וֹגOgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Subject of נִשְׁאַרעוֹג (H5747), now identified as the last of the Rephaim. Source id 05id4.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to עוֹג (construct)מֶלֶךְ (H4428). Source id 05rbK.
הַבָּשָׁ֗ןBashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complementבָּשָׁן (H1316). Source id 05fQG.
נִשְׁאַר֮remainedNiphal perf 3ms · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective (Niphal, resultative): the state of being the sole survivorשָׁאַר (H7604) Niphal 'to remain, be left'; the passive counterpart to the Hiphil of v. 3, now describing Og's own status as the last living Rephaite. Source id 05HAz.
מִיֶּ֣תֶרfrom the remnant ofprep מִן + N m sg constr · יֶתֶר (H3499)Prepositional phrase (partitive, source)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'remainder, remnant.' Source id 05J4B.
הָרְפָאִים֒the Rephaimart + N proper (gentilic) · רְפָאִים (H7497)Genitive complementרְפָאִים (H7497), a legendary race of giants/aboriginal Transjordanian inhabitants (cf. Gen 14:5; 15:20); Og is remembered as their last representative. Source id 05cc4.
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdpresentative particle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative/deictic particle (draws attention to the antiquarian notice)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold, look'; introduces the famous bed notice as verifiable fact. Source id 05oRq.
עַרְשׂוֹ֙his bedN f sg constr + 3ms sfx · עֶרֶשׂ (H6210)Subject of the nominal clauseעֶרֶשׂ (H6210) 'bed, couch, bier'; with 3ms suffix, Og's own resting place — quite possibly his sarcophagus/bier displayed after his death. Source id 05cUw.
עֶ֣רֶשׂa bed ofN f sg constr · עֶרֶשׂ (H6210)Predicate nominative (construct, in apposition to עַרְשׂוֹ)עֶרֶשׂ (H6210), repeated in construct with בַּרְזֶל to specify the material. Source id 05MVU.
בַּרְזֶ֔לironN m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Genitive complement (material, construct chain)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'iron'; some interpreters take this literally (an iron bed-frame), others as a description of a dark basalt sarcophagus — basalt being abundant in Bashan and colloquially 'iron-like' in color and hardness. Source id 05CE4.
הֲלֹ֣הis it notinterrogative הֲ + negative · הֲלוֹא (H3808)Rhetorical interrogative particle (expects an affirmative answer, appeals to verifiable evidence)הֲ (interrogative) + לֹא (negative) = 'is it not'; a rhetorical formula inviting the audience to check the claim for themselves at Rabbah. Source id 05Li4.
הִ֔ואitindependent pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Subject of the rhetorical question (referring to the bed)הִיא (H1931), referring back to עַרְשׂוֹ, the bed/bier. Source id 05L6s.
בְּרַבַּ֖תin Rabbah ofprep בְּ + N proper · רַבָּה (H7237)Locative prepositional phrase (construct, names where the relic could be verified)רַבָּה (H7237) 'Rabbah', capital of Ammon (modern Amman), in construct before בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן. Source id 05g5n.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complement (construct chain, gentilic idiom)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; idiom בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן = 'the Ammonites.' Source id 05jmB.
עַמּ֑וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Genitive complement (people-name)עַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonite nation, whose capital Rabbah allegedly preserved Og's relic bed. Source id 05kmE.
תֵּ֧שַׁעninecardinal num f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Numeral (modifies אַמּוֹת, measurement)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine.' Source id 05hyH.
אַמּ֣וֹתcubitsN f pl abs · אַמָּה (H520)Measurement noun (in apposition to the numeral)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit', standard unit of length (roughly 45 cm by the common cubit specified below). Source id 05DMx.
אָרְכָּ֗הּits lengthN m sg constr + 3fs sfx · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject of the (verbless) measurement clauseאֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length', with 3fs suffix referring to the bed (עֶרֶשׂ, grammatically feminine). Source id 05D1c.
וְאַרְבַּ֥עand fourconj וְ + cardinal num f sg abs · אַרְבַּע (H702)Coordinate numeral (measurement)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four.' Source id 05sgn.
אַמּ֛וֹתcubitsN f pl abs · אַמָּה (H520)Measurement nounאַמָּה (H520) 'cubit.' Source id 05cLA.
רָחְבָּ֖הּits widthN m sg constr + 3fs sfx · רֹחַב (H7341)Subject of the coordinate measurement clauseרֹחַב (H7341) 'width, breadth', with 3fs suffix referring to the bed. Source id 05Jrt.
בְּאַמַּתby the cubit ofprep בְּ + N f sg constr · אַמָּה (H520)Prepositional phrase (standard of measurement, construct)אַמָּה (H520), construct before אִישׁ, specifying the ordinary human cubit as the standard used — as opposed to a longer royal cubit. Source id 05jwP.
אִֽישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Genitive complement (standard measure)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; אַמַּת אִישׁ = 'a man's cubit,' the ordinary standard cubit, clarifying which measure is intended. Source id 05XZe.
12

וְאֶת הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את יָרַ֖שְׁנוּ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֑וא מֵעֲרֹעֵ֞ר אֲשֶׁר עַל נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֗ן וַחֲצִ֤י הַֽר הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעָרָ֔יו נָתַ֕תִּי לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִ֖י וְלַגָּדִֽי

And this land we possessed at that time: from Aroer, which is by the Wadi Arnon, and half the hill country of Gilead with its cities, I gave to the Reubenites and the Gadites.

Transition to tribal allotment (opens the Transjordan division)וְ
Shifts from the corporate 'we possessed' (יָרַשְׁנוּ) to Moses' own first-person 'I gave' (נָתַתִּי), marking his individual legal authority behind the tribal allotment that structures vv. 12-17; the alternation between the chapter's 'we' (conquest) and 'I' (allotment) reflects Moses' dual role as field commander and covenant mediator.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object of יָרַשְׁנוּ)אֵת (H853) marks הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, fronted for topic. Source id 05dip.
הָאָ֧רֶץthis landart + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object (fronted for topic)אֶרֶץ (H776); the newly won Transjordan territory, now topicalized as the subject of allotment. Source id 05f7v.
הַזֹּ֛אתthisart + demonstrative pron f sg · זֹאת (H2063)Demonstrative modifier (agrees with fem. אֶרֶץ)זֹאת (H2063), feminine demonstrative. Source id 055hr.
יָרַ֖שְׁנוּwe possessedQal perf 1cp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act of possessionיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, take possession of, inherit'; the technical verb of land tenure that will govern the whole conquest narrative through Joshua. Source id 05RDs.
בָּעֵ֣תat the timeprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Temporal prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256). Source id 05Tvm.
הַהִ֑ואthatart + demonstrative pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Demonstrative modifier of עֵתהִיא (H1931). Source id 051vy.
מֵעֲרֹעֵ֞רfrom Aroerprep מִן + N proper · עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177)Prepositional phrase (spatial starting point of the allotment)עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177), a city on the Arnon marking the southern edge of the Reuben/Gad territory. Source id 05JzC.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces the relative clause modifying Aroer)אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05Pv9.
עַלbyprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative, 'on/by')עַל (H5921) 'on, upon, by.' Source id 05u6Y.
נַ֣חַלthe wadi ofN m sg constr · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive complement (construct chain)נַחַל (H5158) 'wadi, valley.' Source id 05iTM.
אַרְנֹ֗ןArnonN proper · אַרְנוֹן (H769)Genitive complement (place-name)אַרְנוֹן (H769). Source id 05jDe.
וַחֲצִ֤יand half ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Coordinate object (construct, second item given)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half'; only half of Gilead's hill country is granted here, the rest to Machir (v. 15). Source id 05uHz.
הַֽרthe hill country ofN m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Genitive complement (construct chain)הַר (H2022) 'mountain, hill country.' Source id 052iJ.
הַגִּלְעָד֙Gileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Genitive complement (place-name)גִּלְעָד (H1568). Source id 05evD.
וְעָרָ֔יוand its citiesconj וְ + N f pl constr + 3ms sfx · עִיר (H5892)Coordinate direct objectעִיר (H5892) plural with 3ms suffix; Gilead's cities included in the grant. Source id 05vKo.
נָתַ֕תִּיI gaveQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause; Moses as agent of the formal allotment)→ Perfective: a completed, official act of allocationנָתַן (H5414); Moses' own first-person legal act of tribal allotment, distinct from the corporate 'we' of the conquest narrative. Source id 05mvJ.
לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִ֖יto the Reubenite(s)prep לְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · רְאוּבֵנִי (H7206)Prepositional phrase (indirect object, recipient)רְאוּבֵנִי (H7206), gentilic 'Reubenite', collective for the tribe of Reuben. Source id 05pDQ.
וְלַגָּדִֽיand to the Gadite(s)conj וְ + prep לְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · גָּדִי (H1425)Coordinate prepositional phrase (indirect object)גָּדִי (H1425), gentilic 'Gadite', the tribe of Gad. Source id 05deG.
13

וְיֶ֨תֶר הַגִּלְעָ֤ד וְכָל הַבָּשָׁן֙ מַמְלֶ֣כֶת ע֔וֹג נָתַ֕תִּי לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה כֹּ֣ל חֶ֤בֶל הָֽאַרְגֹּב֙ לְכָל הַבָּשָׁ֔ן הַה֥וּא יִקָּרֵ֖א אֶ֥רֶץ רְפָאִֽים

And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh — all the region of Argob, that is, all Bashan, which is called the land of Rephaim.

Continuation of the tribal allotment (third grant)וְ
Completes the three-way division begun in v. 12: Reuben and Gad receive the southern portion, and half-Manasseh now receives the rest of Gilead plus all Bashan/Argob. The closing relative clause reprises the Rephaim identification of v. 11, tying the territorial grant back to the chapter's giant-lore motif.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְיֶ֨תֶרand the rest ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · יֶתֶר (H3499)Coordinate direct object (construct chain)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'remainder'; the portion of Gilead not given to Reuben/Gad in v. 12. Source id 05Nvj.
הַגִּלְעָ֤דGileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Genitive complement (place-name)גִּלְעָד (H1568). Source id 05Gye.
וְכָלand all ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate object (construct chain)כֹּל (H3605). Source id 05qCo.
הַבָּשָׁן֙Bashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complementבָּשָׁן (H1316). Source id 05h3K.
מַמְלֶ֣כֶתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Apposition (re-identifies Bashan, construct)מַמְלָכָה (H4467). Source id 05USJ.
ע֔וֹגOgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Genitive complementעוֹג (H5747). Source id 05rMp.
נָתַ֕תִּיI gaveQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, official act of allocationנָתַן (H5414); the third of Moses' three allotment acts (Reuben/Gad in v. 12, now half-Manasseh). Source id 05sd2.
לַחֲצִ֖יto the half ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Prepositional phrase (indirect object, construct)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half.' Source id 05Ssu.
שֵׁ֣בֶטthe tribe ofN m sg constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Genitive complement (construct chain)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe, rod, staff.' Source id 05x1x.
הַֽמְנַשֶּׁ֑הManassehart + N proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Genitive complement (tribe-name)מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519), Joseph's firstborn; the half-tribe that settles east of the Jordan alongside Reuben and Gad. Source id 05w5T.
כֹּ֣לall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Apposition (further identifies the grant, construct)כֹּל (H3605). Source id 05FrL.
חֶ֤בֶלthe region ofN com sg constr · חֶבֶל (H2256)Genitive complement (construct chain)חֶבֶל (H2256) 'region, surveyed district.' Source id 05q3X.
הָֽאַרְגֹּב֙Argobart + N proper · אַרְגֹּב (H709)Genitive complement (place-name)אַרְגֹּב (H709). Source id 05YjW.
לְכָלthat is, allprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase (equative gloss, 'i.e., all Bashan')כֹּל (H3605); the לְ here functions equatively, identifying Argob with the whole of Bashan. Source id 054i9.
הַבָּשָׁ֔ןBashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complementבָּשָׁן (H1316). Source id 05Afw.
הַה֥וּאthatart + demonstrative pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Demonstrative modifier (agrees with masc. בָּשָׁן)הוּא (H1931). Source id 05Vcq.
יִקָּרֵ֖אis calledNiphal impf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (relative/naming clause, passive)→ Niphal imperfect: a standing, generalized designationקָרָא (H7121) Niphal 'to be called, named'; the editorial identification of Bashan/Argob as the land of the Rephaim. Source id 05eF7.
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN com sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Predicate complement (construct, the name given)אֶרֶץ (H776). Source id 05wPX.
רְפָאִֽיםRephaimN proper (gentilic) · רְפָאִים (H7497)Genitive complementרְפָאִים (H7497), again invoking the giant-clan tradition tied to Og (cf. v. 11). Source id 05tUi.
14

יָאִ֣יר בֶּן מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לָקַח֙ אֶת כָּל חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב עַד גְּב֥וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְהַמַּֽעֲכָתִ֑י וַיִּקְרָא֩ אֹתָ֨ם עַל שְׁמ֤וֹ אֶת הַבָּשָׁן֙ חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֔יר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה

Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, as far as the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and he called them — that is, Bashan — after his own name, Havvoth-jair, to this day.

Excursus on Jair's conquest and place-namingasyndeton
A named individual (Jair, a Manassite clan chief, cf. Num 32:41) steps into the collective narrative to explain a place-name still current 'to this day' — the עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה formula marks a narratorial vantage point later than the events described, a small seam revealing the text's own compositional history.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
יָאִ֣ירJairN proper · יָאִיר (H2971)Subject of לָקַחיָאִיר (H2971), a Manassite clan leader (cf. Num 32:41), who steps into the narrative by name. Source id 05S6i.
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition (construct chain)בֵּן (H1121); identifies Jair's tribal lineage. Source id 05KNH.
מְנַשֶּׁ֗הManassehN proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Genitive complement (tribe/ancestor name)מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519). Source id 05XUc.
לָקַח֙tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; here of a clan leader's territorial seizure/appropriation within the larger tribal grant. Source id 05KGa.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi. Source id 05jzU.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (direct object)כֹּל (H3605). Source id 053ws.
חֶ֣בֶלthe region ofN com sg constr · חֶבֶל (H2256)Genitive complement (construct)חֶבֶל (H2256). Source id 05nkE.
אַרְגֹּ֔בArgobN proper · אַרְגֹּב (H709)Genitive complement (place-name)אַרְגֹּב (H709). Source id 05UeK.
עַדas far asprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional conjunction (spatial extent)עַד (H5704). Source id 05CYD.
גְּב֥וּלthe border ofN m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Genitive complement (construct)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory.' Source id 059gs.
הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖יthe Geshurite(s)art + N gentilic m sg abs · גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651)Genitive complement (gentilic)גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651), gentilic 'Geshurite'; a small Aramean kingdom bordering Argob. Source id 05GTQ.
וְהַמַּֽעֲכָתִ֑יand the Maacathite(s)conj וְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · מַעֲכָתִי (H4602)Coordinate genitive complement (gentilic)מַעֲכָתִי (H4602), gentilic 'Maacathite'; another small Aramean kingdom neighboring Geshur. Source id 05gKo.
וַיִּקְרָא֩and he calledQal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (Jair's naming act)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; Jair renames his conquered portion of Argob. Source id 05oZb.
אֹתָ֨םthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וַיִּקְרָא (the villages/region)אֵת (H853) + 3mp suffix, referring to the villages of Argob. Source id 05KCy.
עַלafterprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (idiom 'call after one's name')עַל (H5921); idiom קָרָא עַל שֵׁם 'to name after.' Source id 05juz.
שְׁמ֤וֹhis nameN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · שֵׁם (H8034)Genitive complement (object of the naming idiom)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name', with 3ms suffix, Jair's own name preserved in the place-name. Source id 05DH2.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (resumptive, re-marks the referent as Bashan)אֵת (H853), appositionally re-marking אֹתָם as specifically the Bashan/Argob district. Source id 054VF.
הַבָּשָׁן֙Bashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Apposition (direct object, re-identifies אֹתָם)בָּשָׁן (H1316); clarifies that the territory renamed is the Argob district within Bashan. Source id 0572H.
חַוֺּ֣תthe villages ofN f pl constr · חַוָּה (H2334)Predicate complement (construct, the new name)חַוָּה (H2334) 'tent-village, encampment', construct plural; forms the compound place-name חַוֹּת יָאִיר 'Havvoth-jair.' Source id 0525j.
יָאִ֔ירJairN proper · יָאִיר (H2971)Genitive complement (name, construct chain)יָאִיר (H2971); completes 'Havvoth-jair' = 'villages of Jair,' the place-name still current at the time of writing (v. 14b). Source id 05Vo3.
עַ֖דtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional conjunction (temporal extent)עַד (H5704). Source id 05dhD.
הַיּ֥וֹםthe dayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive complementיוֹם (H3117) 'day.' Source id 056uw.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative modifier (idiom 'to this day')זֶה (H2088); the formula עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה signals a narratorial vantage point later than the events themselves. Source id 05zjv.
15

וּלְמָכִ֖יר נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת הַגִּלְעָֽד

And to Machir I gave Gilead.

Sub-allotment within half-Manasseh (Machir's clan portion)וּ
A terse addendum: within half-Manasseh's grant (v. 13), the clan of Machir specifically received Gilead — paralleling Jair's specific claim to Argob (v. 14), as the record moves from tribal to clan-level land grants.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וּלְמָכִ֖ירand to Machirconj וְ + prep לְ + N proper · מָכִיר (H4353)Coordinate prepositional phrase (indirect object)מָכִיר (H4353), the eponymous ancestor of the Machirite clan of Manasseh that settled Gilead. Source id 051Mn.
נָתַ֥תִּיI gaveQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act of allocationנָתַן (H5414); a clan-level addendum to the half-Manasseh grant of v. 13. Source id 056qW.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853). Source id 05Zjx.
הַגִּלְעָֽדGileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Direct object of נָתַתִּיגִּלְעָד (H1568); Machir's specific portion within the broader half-Manasseh grant. Source id 05aoZ.
16

וְלָרֻאוּבֵנִ֨י וְלַגָּדִ֜י נָתַ֤תִּי מִן הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַד נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֔ן תּ֥וֹךְ הַנַּ֖חַל וּגְבֻ֑ל וְעַד֙ יַבֹּ֣ק הַנַּ֔חַל גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן

And to the Reubenites and the Gadites I gave from Gilead as far as the Wadi Arnon — the middle of the wadi being the boundary — as far as the Wadi Jabbok, the border of the Ammonites.

Detailed boundary specification (Reuben/Gad territory precisely defined)וְ
Returns to Reuben and Gad's grant (v. 12) to fix its precise limits with legal precision — the wadi's own midline (תּוֹךְ הַנַּחַל) is specified as the boundary, avoiding ambiguity over which bank belongs to whom, extending north to the Jabbok at the Ammonite frontier.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְלָרֻאוּבֵנִ֨יand to the Reubenite(s)conj וְ + prep לְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · רְאוּבֵנִי (H7206)Coordinate prepositional phrase (indirect object)רְאוּבֵנִי (H7206), returning to Reuben's grant to specify its precise limits. Source id 05EJP.
וְלַגָּדִ֜יand to the Gadite(s)conj וְ + prep לְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · גָּדִי (H1425)Coordinate prepositional phrase (indirect object)גָּדִי (H1425). Source id 054HM.
נָתַ֤תִּיI gaveQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act of allocationנָתַן (H5414); introduces the precise legal boundary description for Reuben and Gad's territory. Source id 05EjA.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (spatial starting point)מִן (H4480) 'from.' Source id 05E1f.
הַגִּלְעָד֙Gileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Genitive/locative complementגִּלְעָד (H1568). Source id 05Hwq.
וְעַדand as far asconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Coordinate prepositional phrase (spatial extent)עַד (H5704). Source id 05MWU.
נַ֣חַלthe wadi ofN m sg constr · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive complement (construct)נַחַל (H5158). Source id 05vD2.
אַרְנֹ֔ןArnonN proper · אַרְנוֹן (H769)Genitive complement (place-name)אַרְנוֹן (H769). Source id 05ygZ.
תּ֥וֹךְthe middle ofN m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Apposition (specifies precisely where the boundary runs)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, middle'; legal precision avoiding ambiguity over which bank belongs to whom. Source id 056YP.
הַנַּ֖חַלthe wadiart + N m sg abs · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive complement (resumptive of Arnon)נַחַל (H5158). Source id 05UhH.
וּגְבֻ֑לand a borderconj וְ + N m sg abs · גְּבוּל (H1366)Coordinate predicate/apposition (the wadi's midline serves as boundary)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; the river's center functions as the legal boundary line. Source id 05MSM.
וְעַד֙and as far asconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Coordinate prepositional phrase (northern extent of this segment)עַד (H5704). Source id 05TYN.
יַבֹּ֣קJabbokN proper · יַבֹּק (H2999)Genitive/locative complement (place-name)יַבֹּק (H2999), the river marking the boundary with Ammon (cf. Gen 32:22). Source id 05cMr.
הַנַּ֔חַלthe wadiart + N m sg abs · נַחַל (H5158)Apposition (identifies Jabbok as a wadi)נַחַל (H5158). Source id 054Up.
גְּב֖וּלthe border ofN m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Apposition (construct, further specifies the boundary)גְּבוּל (H1366). Source id 05pa1.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complement (construct chain, gentilic idiom)בֵּן (H1121); idiom בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן = 'the Ammonites.' Source id 05GDg.
עַמּֽוֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Genitive complement (people-name)עַמּוֹן (H5983). Source id 05ZxK.
17

וְהָֽעֲרָבָ֖ה וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן וּגְבֻ֑ל מִכִּנֶּ֗רֶת וְעַ֨ד יָ֤ם הָֽעֲרָבָה֙ יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לַח תַּ֛חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה מִזְרָֽחָה

And the Arabah also, and the Jordan as a boundary, from Chinnereth as far as the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), under the slopes of Pisgah on the east.

Western boundary specification (completes the territorial description)וְ
Closes the geographic definition of the Transjordan allotment along the Jordan itself, from the Sea of Galilee (Chinnereth) south to the Dead Sea (Sea of the Arabah / Salt Sea), anchored beneath the slopes of Pisgah — the very ridge from which Moses will be sent to view the land he cannot enter (v. 27).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהָֽעֲרָבָ֖הand the Arabahconj וְ + art + N f sg abs · עֲרָבָה (H6160)Coordinate object (further boundary element)עֲרָבָה (H6160) 'desert-plain, steppe'; the Jordan Rift Valley, now included as part of the grant's western fringe. Source id 05KpZ.
וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֣ןand the Jordanconj וְ + art + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Coordinate objectיַרְדֵּן (H3383). Source id 05nwq.
וּגְבֻ֑לas a boundaryconj וְ + N m sg abs · גְּבוּל (H1366)Coordinate predicate (apposition, the river as border)גְּבוּל (H1366); the Jordan itself fixed as the western boundary line. Source id 05Lgy.
מִכִּנֶּ֗רֶתfrom Chinnerethprep מִן + N proper · כִּנֶּרֶת (H3672)Prepositional phrase (spatial starting point, northern)כִּנֶּרֶת (H3672), the Sea of Galilee, also called Chinnereth in the OT. Source id 055AY.
וְעַ֨דand as far asconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Coordinate prepositional phrase (spatial extent)עַד (H5704). Source id 05HUX.
יָ֤םthe sea ofN m sg constr · יָם (H3220)Genitive complement (construct)יָם (H3220) 'sea.' Source id 05RYU.
הָֽעֲרָבָה֙the Arabahart + N f sg abs · עֲרָבָה (H6160)Genitive complementעֲרָבָה (H6160); 'Sea of the Arabah' = the Dead Sea, identified further in the next word. Source id 053Q1.
יָ֣םthe sea ofN m sg constr · יָם (H3220)Apposition (renames/identifies the previous 'sea')יָם (H3220), restated in apposition to give the more familiar name. Source id 05ikx.
הַמֶּ֔לַחthe saltart + N m sg abs · מֶלַח (H4417)Genitive complement (identifies the Dead Sea)מֶלַח (H4417) 'salt'; יָם הַמֶּלַח, 'the Salt Sea' = the Dead Sea. Source id 055Xt.
תַּ֛חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (locative)תַּחַת (H8478) 'under, beneath.' Source id 058jj.
אַשְׁדֹּ֥תthe slopes ofN f pl constr · אַשְׁדָּה (H794)Genitive complement (construct)אַשְׁדָּה (H794) 'slope, ravine, foothill.' Source id 053v4.
הַפִּסְגָּ֖הPisgahart + N proper · פִּסְגָּה (H6449)Genitive complement (place-name)פִּסְגָּה (H6449), the ridge overlooking the Jordan Valley — the very heights Moses will be sent to view from in v. 27 and die on in 34:1. Source id 05hFh.
מִזְרָֽחָהeastwardN m sg abs + directional sfx ־ָה · מִזְרָח (H4217)Adverbial accusative of directionמִזְרָח (H4217) 'east, sunrise'; with the directional suffix, 'toward/on the east side.' Source id 053it.
18

וָאֲצַ֣ו אֶתְכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם נָתַ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶת הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ חֲלוּצִ֣ים תַּֽעַבְר֗וּ לִפְנֵ֛י אֲחֵיכֶ֥ם בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כָּל בְּנֵי חָֽיִל

And I commanded you at that time, saying, 'YHWH your God has given you this land to possess it; all you men of valor shall cross over armed before your brothers, the sons of Israel.'

Charge to the armed vanguard (echoes Num 32)וָ
Moses now addresses Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh directly, reminding them their land grant obligates them to cross the Jordan first, armed, ahead of the other tribes — the technical term חֲלוּצִים ('drawn out, equipped') deliberately echoes the negotiated agreement of Numbers 32, showing Deuteronomy assumes and restates that earlier settlement.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וָאֲצַ֣וand I commandedPiel wayyiqtol 1cs · צָוָה (H6680)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (Moses' own command)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command, charge'; Moses issues marching orders to the two-and-a-half Transjordan tribes. Source id 05pf7.
אֶתְכֶ֔םyouobj marker + 2mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וָאֲצַואֵת (H853) + 2mp suffix, addressing Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh. Source id 05Dne.
בָּעֵ֥תat the timeprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Temporal prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256). Source id 05fqZ.
הַהִ֖ואthatart + demonstrative pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Demonstrative modifier of עֵתהִיא (H1931). Source id 057ev.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Adverbial infinitive construct (introduces direct discourse)→ Infinitive construct: introduces reported speechאָמַר (H559); the standard quotative formula opening Moses' cited command. Source id 05eWV.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נָתַןיְהוָה (H3068). Source id 05DUZ.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430), 2mp suffix, addressing the Transjordan tribes directly. Source id 05abv.
נָתַ֨ןhas givenQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, quoted speech)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive grantנָתַן (H5414); reaffirms the land grant of vv. 12-17 as already accomplished fact. Source id 059XH.
לָכֶ֜םto youprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object)לְ + 2mp suffix. Source id 05tui.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853). Source id 055mW.
הָאָ֤רֶץthis landart + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of נָתַןאֶרֶץ (H776). Source id 059p4.
הַזֹּאת֙thisart + demonstrative pron f sg · זֹאת (H2063)Demonstrative modifierזֹאת (H2063). Source id 051AP.
לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּto possess itprep לְ + Qal inf constr + 3fs sfx · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Purpose infinitival phrase→ Infinitive construct: the purpose of the giftיָרַשׁ (H3423), infinitive with 3fs suffix referring to הָאָרֶץ, 'in order to possess it.' Source id 05Dh6.
חֲלוּצִ֣יםarmedQal passive ptc m pl abs · חָלַץ (H2502)Substantival passive participle (predicate qualifier of the men who must cross)→ Participle (passive): a settled, qualifying state — 'equipped for battle'חָלַץ (H2502) Qal passive participle 'drawn out, equipped (for war)'; technical military term for the vanguard troops, echoing the negotiated agreement of Num 32. Source id 05q22.
תַּֽעַבְר֗וּyou shall cross overQal impf (yiqtol) 2mp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (main clause of the command)→ Yiqtol: modal/volitional — an obligation laid on the armed menעָבַר (H5674) 'to cross, pass over'; the chapter's structural verb, here of the vanguard's Jordan crossing to fight for their brothers. Source id 05Z1p.
לִפְנֵ֛יbeforeprep לְ + N com pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase (locative, 'ahead of')פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; idiom לִפְנֵי 'before, ahead of.' Source id 054mF.
אֲחֵיכֶ֥םyour brothersN m pl constr + 2mp sfx · אָח (H251)Genitive complementאָח (H251) 'brother'; the other nine-and-a-half tribes yet to cross the Jordan. Source id 05PJU.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition (construct, identifies 'brothers' further)בֵּן (H1121); idiom בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 'the sons/children of Israel.' Source id 05eKG.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478). Source id 05Anx.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Apposition (specifies who must cross, construct)כֹּל (H3605). Source id 05kWB.
בְּנֵיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complement (construct chain, idiom)בֵּן (H1121); idiom בְּנֵי חַיִל 'men of valor.' Source id 0526j.
חָֽיִלvalorN m sg abs · חַיִל (H2428)Genitive complementחַיִל (H2428) 'strength, valor, army'; idiom בְּנֵי חַיִל 'able-bodied warriors.' Source id 05ZiN.
19

רַ֠ק נְשֵׁיכֶ֣ם וְטַפְּכֶם֮ וּמִקְנֵכֶם֒ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי מִקְנֶ֥ה רַ֖ב לָכֶ֑ם יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּעָ֣רֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶֽם

Only your wives, your children, and your livestock (I know that you have much livestock) shall remain in your cities that I have given you.

Provision for dependents (qualifies the vanguard charge)רַק
A practical parenthesis balancing the harsh demand of v. 18: while the fighting men cross armed, noncombatants and herds stay behind in the newly allotted cities — Moses' aside about the tribes' abundant livestock (cf. Num 32:1) explains why Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh had petitioned for this land in the first place.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
רַ֠קonlyrestrictive particle · רַק (H7535)Restrictive particle (limits who stays behind, contrasting v. 18)רַק (H7535) 'only'; marks the exception to the vanguard charge just given. Source id 05NAb.
נְשֵׁיכֶ֣םyour wivesN f pl constr + 2mp sfx · אִשָּׁה (H802)Subject of יֵשְׁבוּ (fronted for topic)אִשָּׁה (H802) plural, 'wives.' Source id 05NJS.
וְטַפְּכֶם֮and your childrenconj וְ + N m sg constr + 2mp sfx (collective) · טַף (H2945)Coordinate subjectטַף (H2945) 'children, little ones.' Source id 05S4e.
וּמִקְנֵכֶם֒and your livestockconj וְ + N m sg constr + 2mp sfx · מִקְנֶה (H4735)Coordinate subjectמִקְנֶה (H4735) 'livestock, possessions.' Source id 05cZG.
יָדַ֕עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs (stative) · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (parenthetical clause)→ Perfective (stative): a settled state of knowledgeיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'; Moses' parenthetical acknowledgment of the tribes' wealth in livestock. Source id 05Nqf.
כִּֽיthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (introduces the object clause of יָדַעְתִּי)כִּי (H3588) 'that, because.' Source id 05tKV.
מִקְנֶ֥הlivestockN m sg abs · מִקְנֶה (H4735)Subject of the embedded clauseמִקְנֶה (H4735). Source id 05hpd.
רַ֖בmuchadj m sg abs · רַב (H7227)Predicate adjective (embedded clause)רַב (H7227) 'much, many, great.' Source id 05CAC.
לָכֶ֑םyou haveprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (possessive predicate, 'belonging to you')לְ + 2mp suffix; the Hebrew idiom of possession. Source id 05MBs.
יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙shall remainQal impf (yiqtol) 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (main clause, resumes after the parenthesis)→ Yiqtol: modal/volitional — instruction for those who stay behindיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, remain'; deliberately contrasts with תַּעַבְרוּ 'you shall cross' of v. 18. Source id 05uCk.
בְּעָ֣רֵיכֶ֔םin your citiesprep בְּ + N f pl constr + 2mp sfx · עִיר (H5892)Locative prepositional phraseעִיר (H5892) plural with 2mp suffix. Source id 05KHf.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying 'your cities')אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05bcM.
נָתַ֖תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act of allocationנָתַן (H5414); recalls the allotment just narrated in vv. 12-17. Source id 05mry.
לָכֶֽםto youprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object)לְ + 2mp suffix. Source id 05e4r.
20

עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁר יָנִ֨יחַ יְהוָ֥ה לַֽאֲחֵיכֶם֮ כָּכֶם֒ וְיָרְשׁ֣וּ גַם הֵ֔ם אֶת הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְשַׁבְתֶּ֗ם אִ֚ישׁ לִֽירֻשָּׁת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶֽם

until YHWH gives rest to your brothers as to you, and they also possess the land that YHWH your God is giving them beyond the Jordan; then each of you shall return to his own possession that I have given you.

Temporal condition on the vanguard's returnעַד אֲשֶׁר
Specifies exactly when the armed men's duty ends — not until the western conquest is fully complete and 'rest' (cf. 12:9-10) is secured for all the tribes; the participle נֹתֵן portrays that gift as already in motion, underscoring the certainty of the crossing generation's eventual return home.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
עַ֠דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional conjunction (introduces the temporal subordinate clause)עַד (H5704), combining with אֲשֶׁר to form 'until.' Source id 05rFe.
אֲשֶׁרuntil [that time when]relative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (combines with עַד to form 'until')אֲשֶׁר (H834); עַד אֲשֶׁר 'until.' Source id 05bu5.
יָנִ֨יחַgives restHiphil impf (yiqtol) 3ms · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (subordinate temporal clause)→ Yiqtol: future/modal — the anticipated moment of restנוּחַ (H5117) Hiphil 'to give rest, cause to rest'; the covenantal gift of secure settlement (cf. 12:9-10). Source id 05nfi.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of יָנִיחַיְהוָה (H3068). Source id 05kkD.
לַֽאֲחֵיכֶם֮to your brothersprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp sfx · אָח (H251)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)אָח (H251) plural with 2mp suffix. Source id 05EPr.
כָּכֶם֒as to youprep כְּ + 2mp sfx · כְּPrepositional phrase (comparative, 'as he has to you')כְּ + 2mp suffix, comparative. Source id 05KoZ.
וְיָרְשׁ֣וּand they possessQal weqatal 3cp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the temporal clause)→ Weqatal: a future consequence following the granted restיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess.' Source id 05A4n.
גַםalsoadverb · גַּם (H1571)Focus/additive particle (the western tribes too, like the eastern ones already)גַּם (H1571) 'also, even.' Source id 05Eq3.
הֵ֔םtheyindependent pron 3mp · הֵם (H1992)Resumptive/emphatic subject pronounהֵם (H1992). Source id 054c8.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853). Source id 05Npb.
הָאָ֕רֶץthe landart + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of וְיָרְשׁוּאֶרֶץ (H776); the land west of the Jordan yet to be conquered. Source id 05ETF.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying הָאָרֶץ)אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05TmV.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject (within the relative clause)יְהוָה (H3068). Source id 05tBT.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430). Source id 05BBm.
נֹתֵ֥ןis givingQal ptc m sg abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of the relative clause (participle)→ Participle: durative/imminent — the gift portrayed as already in progressנָתַן (H5414), active participle; underscores the certainty that the land beyond the Jordan is already, in effect, being given. Source id 05qKL.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep לְ + 3mp sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object)לְ + 3mp suffix. Source id 05qip.
בְּעֵ֣בֶרbeyondprep בְּ + N m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Locative prepositional phraseעֵבֶר (H5676) 'side, region across.' Source id 05p4D.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ןthe Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Genitive complementיַרְדֵּן (H3383). Source id 05G5R.
וְשַׁבְתֶּ֗םthen you shall returnQal weqatal 2mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal resuming after the subordinate clauses)→ Weqatal: a future obligation following completion of the campaignשׁוּב (H7725) 'to return, turn back'; the vanguard's promised homecoming once the western conquest is done. Source id 05GXr.
אִ֚ישׁeachN m sg abs (distributive) · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive apposition (subject, 'each man')אִישׁ (H376), used distributively, 'each one.' Source id 05XSa.
לִֽירֻשָּׁת֔וֹto his possessionprep לְ + N f sg constr + 3ms sfx · יְרֻשָּׁה (H3425)Prepositional phrase (destination)יְרֻשָּׁה (H3425) 'possession, inheritance'; with 3ms suffix, one's own allotted portion east of the Jordan. Source id 05bsA.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying 'his possession')אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05nnJ.
נָתַ֖תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act of allocationנָתַן (H5414). Source id 05b2r.
לָכֶֽםto youprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object)לְ + 2mp suffix. Source id 05Tzx.
21

וְאֶת יְהוֹשׁ֣וּעַ צִוֵּ֔יתִי בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר עֵינֶ֣יךָ הָרֹאֹ֗ת אֵת֩ כָּל אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ לִשְׁנֵי֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כֵּֽן יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹבֵ֥ר שָֽׁמָּה

And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, 'Your eyes have seen all that YHWH your God has done to these two kings; so will YHWH do to all the kingdoms into which you are crossing.'

Charge to Joshua (transitions from tribes to Israel's future leader)וְ
Moses' address shifts from the two-and-a-half tribes to Joshua individually — 'your eyes have seen' grounds future confidence in personal eyewitness experience of Sihon and Og's defeat, and the emphatic אַתָּה ('you') addressing Joshua directly anticipates his succession, formalized in v. 28 and chs. 31, 34.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object of צִוֵּיתִי)אֵת (H853) marks יְהוֹשׁוּעַ, fronted for emphasis. Source id 05fTQ.
יְהוֹשׁ֣וּעַJoshuaN proper · יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (H3091)Direct object of צִוֵּיתִי (fronted)יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (H3091), Moses' successor, formally commissioned here and in v. 28. Source id 05nCu.
צִוֵּ֔יתִיI commandedPiel perf 1cs · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of chargeצָוָה (H6680) Piel; Moses formally commissions Joshua, anticipating chs. 31, 34. Source id 05Gds.
בָּעֵ֥תat the timeprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Temporal prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256). Source id 059cC.
הַהִ֖ואthatart + demonstrative pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Demonstrative modifier of עֵתהִיא (H1931). Source id 05Y4b.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Adverbial infinitive construct (introduces direct discourse)→ Infinitive construct: introduces reported speechאָמַר (H559); the standard quotative formula. Source id 05RWu.
עֵינֶ֣יךָyour eyesN com dual constr + 2ms sfx · עַיִן (H5869)Subject of הָרֹאֹתעַיִן (H5869) 'eye', dual with 2ms suffix, addressing Joshua. Source id 05MLc.
הָרֹאֹ֗תthat have seenart + Qal ptc f pl abs · רָאָה (H7200)Attributive/substantival participle (predicate)→ Participle: a completed perception with ongoing relevance (near-perfect force)רָאָה (H7200), articular participle functioning almost as a relative perfect: 'the eyes that have [already] seen.' Source id 05DKB.
אֵת֩[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marks the content seen)אֵת (H853). Source id 05h2V.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (direct object)כֹּל (H3605). Source id 05Z2k.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces the relative clause)אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 055VT.
עָשָׂ֜הdidQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213); YHWH's decisive action against Sihon and Og, now cited as evidentiary precedent. Source id 058JC.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of עָשָׂהיְהוָה (H3068). Source id 05Lqq.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙your GodN m pl constr + 2mp sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430). Source id 05qDM.
לִשְׁנֵי֙to the two ofprep לְ + cardinal num m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Prepositional phrase (indirect object, numeral construct)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two.' Source id 05qqx.
הַמְּלָכִ֣יםthe kingsart + N m pl abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Genitive complementמֶלֶךְ (H4428) plural, Sihon and Og. Source id 05Q3F.
הָאֵ֔לֶּהtheseart + demonstrative pron com pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative modifier (agrees with 'kings')אֵלֶּה (H428). Source id 052Kw.
כֵּֽןsocorrelative adverb · כֵּן (H3651)Correlative adverb (introduces the apodosis of the comparison)כֵּן (H3651) 'thus, so'; pairs with the preceding relative clause as a comparative apodosis. Source id 05jCk.
יַעֲשֶׂ֤הwill doQal impf (yiqtol) 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, apodosis)→ Yiqtol: future/modal — the assured future action of YHWHעָשָׂה (H6213); the same verb now future, guaranteeing the same outcome for the western conquest. Source id 05jJB.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of יַעֲשֶׂהיְהוָה (H3068). Source id 052Ur.
לְכָלto all ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase (indirect object, construct)כֹּל (H3605). Source id 05bTz.
הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹתthe kingdomsart + N f pl abs · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Genitive complementמַמְלָכָה (H4467) plural; the Canaanite kingdoms west of the Jordan awaiting conquest. Source id 05CfS.
אֲשֶׁ֥רinto whichrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying 'the kingdoms')אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05RZe.
אַתָּ֖הyouindependent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject of עֹבֵר (within the relative clause)אַתָּה (H859), emphatic — now addressing Joshua specifically, singular, as his individual future task. Source id 05jDT.
עֹבֵ֥רare crossingQal ptc m sg abs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb of the relative clause (participle)→ Participle: imminent/durative — the crossing soon to take placeעָבַר (H5674), the chapter's key verb, now directed at Joshua's imminent leadership of Israel's crossing. Source id 05euw.
שָֽׁמָּהthereadverb + directional sfx ־ָה · שָׁם (H8033)Adverbial phrase of destination (directional)שָׁם (H8033) 'there' + directional suffix, 'to there, thither.' Source id 05WXb.
22

לֹ֖א תְִּירָא֑וּם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא הַנִּלְחָ֥ם לָכֶֽם

You shall not fear them, for YHWH your God himself is the one fighting for you.

Concluding reassurance to Joshua (closes the charge of vv. 21-22)asyndeton
Echoes the reassurance given to Moses himself in v. 2 (אַל תִּירָא), now transferred to Joshua and, by extension, all Israel — grounding courage not in numbers or precedent alone but in YHWH's own ongoing agency, expressed by the articular participle הַנִּלְחָם, 'the one fighting.'
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לֹ֖אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle (prohibition, main clause)לֹא (H3808). Source id 05KPQ.
תְִּירָא֑וּםyou shall fearQal impf (yiqtol) 2mp + 3mp sfx · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (main clause, prohibition)→ Yiqtol: modal/volitional — prohibitionיָרֵא (H3372) 'to fear'; the MT pointing here shows an unusual doubled hiriq, a minor Masoretic curiosity. Source id 05wNE.
כִּ֚יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunctionכִּי (H3588). Source id 05rtc.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject (in apposition with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם, resumed by הוּא)יְהוָה (H3068). Source id 05xpP.
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430). Source id 05yvH.
ה֖וּאheindependent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Emphatic resumptive subject pronoun ('YHWH himself')הוּא (H1931). Source id 05456.
הַנִּלְחָ֥םwho fightsart + Niphal ptc m sg abs · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (substantival, articular participle, predicate to הוּא)→ Participle: durative/ongoing action — YHWH's continual fighting for Israelלָחַם (H3898) Niphal participle 'to fight'; articular participle functioning as predicate, 'the one fighting.' Source id 05neV.
לָכֶֽםfor youprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (advantage, 'on your behalf')לְ + 2mp suffix. Source id 05bEv.
23

וָאֶתְחַנַּ֖ן אֶל יְהוָ֑ה בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹֽר

And I pleaded with YHWH at that time, saying,

Turning point — Moses' personal plea beginsוָ
וָאֶתְחַנַּן, Hitpael of חנן, is the single most theologically loaded verb in the chapter — Moses appeals not to merit or right but to sheer grace. The verse's terse, formulaic wrapping (time formula plus quotative infinitive) throws all narrative weight onto the prayer itself in vv. 24-25 and its refusal in vv. 26-27; this verb also gives its name to the traditional Torah portion (Va'etchanan) containing this chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וָאֶתְחַנַּ֖ןand I pleadedHitpael wayyiqtol 1cs · חָנַן (H2603)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (opens Moses' personal plea)→ Wayyiqtol; Hitpael reflexive-intensive: an act of self-abasing supplication, not a legal claimחָנַן (H2603) Hitpael 'to seek favor, plead for grace'; Moses casts himself wholly on YHWH's grace. The verb that names the traditional Torah portion Va'etchanan containing this chapter. Source id 05yWa.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (addressee of the plea)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward.' Source id 05PL3.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of the preposition אֶליְהוָה (H3068). Source id 051SP.
בָּעֵ֥תat the timeprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Temporal prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256). Source id 05TZB.
הַהִ֖ואthatart + demonstrative pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Demonstrative modifier of עֵתהִיא (H1931). Source id 05fd5.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Adverbial infinitive construct (introduces the quoted prayer)→ Infinitive construct: introduces reported speechאָמַר (H559); the quotative formula opening Moses' prayer of vv. 24-25. Source id 05GYA.
24

אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אַתָּ֤ה הַֽחִלּ֨וֹתָ֙ לְהַרְא֣וֹת אֶֽת עַבְדְּךָ֔ אֶ֨ת גָּדְלְךָ֔ וְאֶת יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִי אֵל֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ

O Lord YHWH, you have begun to show your servant your greatness and your strong hand; for what god is there in heaven or on earth who can do such works and mighty acts as yours?

Moses' prayer, part 1 — appeal to YHWH's incomparable greatnessasyndeton
Moses grounds his petition not in entitlement but in awestruck testimony: he has only 'begun' (הַחִלּוֹתָ) to see YHWH's greatness, and the rhetorical question ('what god can do as you do') anticipates the request of v. 25 by establishing that only this God is worth pleading with further — the verb itself implies the vision is incomplete and Moses longs for its completion.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN m pl constr + 1cs sfx (honorific) · אָדוֹן (H136)Vocative (address to God)אָדוֹן (H136) 'lord, master', plural of majesty with 1cs suffix — the honorific title paired with the divine name at the opening of Moses' plea. Source id 05K5D.
יְהוִ֗הYHWHN proper (divine name) · יְהוִה (H3069)Apposition (vocative, the divine name proper)יְהוִה (H3069), a form of the Tetragrammaton traditionally read 'Adonai Elohim' to avoid doubling 'Adonai.' Source id 057rm.
אַתָּ֤הyouindependent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Emphatic subject pronoun (subject of הַחִלּוֹתָ)אַתָּה (H859). Source id 05aFY.
הַֽחִלּ֨וֹתָ֙you have begunHiphil perf 2ms · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: an inaugurated, incomplete actחָלַל (H2490) Hiphil 'to begin'; Moses appeals to the incompleteness of what he has seen so far, longing for more. Source id 05F4N.
לְהַרְא֣וֹתto showprep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Complementary infinitival phrase (object of הַחִלּוֹתָ)→ Infinitive construct: the content of what has been 'begun'רָאָה (H7200) Hiphil 'to show, cause to see.' Source id 05Q12.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853). Source id 05EF4.
עַבְדְּךָ֔your servantN m sg constr + 2ms sfx · עֶבֶד (H5650)Direct object of לְהַרְאוֹת (Moses' self-designation)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant, slave'; Moses' humble self-reference before God. Source id 05pmF.
אֶ֨ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (second object)אֵת (H853). Source id 05124.
גָּדְלְךָ֔your greatnessN m sg constr + 2ms sfx · גֹּדֶל (H1433)Direct object (what is shown)גֹּדֶל (H1433) 'greatness, magnitude.' Source id 05rtz.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (third object)אֵת (H853). Source id 05H8n.
יָדְךָ֖your handN com sg constr + 2ms sfx · יָד (H3027)Direct object (third item shown)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; a symbol of power and might. Source id 05dV3.
הַחֲזָקָ֑הthe strongart + adj f sg abs · חָזָק (H2389)Attributive adjective (modifies יָדְךָ)חָזָק (H2389) 'strong, mighty'; יָד חֲזָקָה is the stock Deuteronomic phrase for the exodus deliverance. Source id 05QKM.
אֲשֶׁ֤רforrelative pron (causal use) · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative/causal conjunction (grounds the rhetorical question)אֲשֶׁר (H834), approaching causal force here, 'seeing that.' Source id 057pu.
מִיwhointerrogative pron · מִי (H4310)Interrogative pronoun (subject of the rhetorical question)מִי (H4310) 'who?' Source id 05dwS.
אֵל֙a godN m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Predicate nominative (subject complement of the implied copula)אֵל (H410) 'god, deity'; generic term implicitly contrasted with YHWH's incomparability. Source id 05A8T.
בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִםin the heavensprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Locative prepositional phraseשָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens, sky.' Source id 05eKy.
וּבָאָ֔רֶץor on the earthconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Coordinate locative prepositional phraseאֶרֶץ (H776); with שָׁמַיִם forms the cosmic merism 'in all creation.' Source id 0599H.
אֲשֶׁרwhorelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying אֵל)אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05Eat.
יַעֲשֶׂ֥הcan doQal impf (yiqtol) 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: modal/potential — capability rather than mere futurity ('is able to do')עָשָׂה (H6213). Source id 05GJt.
כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָlike your worksprep כְּ + N m pl constr + 2ms sfx · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Prepositional phrase (standard of comparison)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'deed, work', plural with 2ms suffix. Source id 05aUT.
וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָand like your mighty actsconj וְ + prep כְּ + N f pl constr + 2ms sfx · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Coordinate prepositional phrase (standard of comparison)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'might, strength, mighty deed', plural with 2ms suffix. Source id 05thm.
25

אֶעְבְּרָה נָּ֗א וְאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הָהָ֥ר הַטּ֛וֹב הַזֶּ֖ה וְהַלְּבָנֽוֹן

Let me cross over, please, and see the good land that is beyond the Jordan, that good hill country, and Lebanon.

Moses' prayer, part 2 — the request itself (heart of the plea, denied in v. 26)asyndeton
The cohortative pair אֶעְבְּרָה...וְאֶרְאֶה, softened by the entreaty particle נָא, names the two things Moses wants above all — to cross (עָבַר, the chapter's key verb) and to see (רָאָה) the land firsthand; the escalating specification (the good land / that good hill country / Lebanon) reaches for the fullest extent of the land promise, making the coming refusal (v. 26) all the more devastating.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אֶעְבְּרָהlet me cross overQal cohortative 1cs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (main clause, cohortative — the plea's central request)→ Cohortative: a volitional first-person request, softened by נָאעָבַר (H5674) 'to cross, pass over'; the chapter's structural verb reaches its emotional climax here — Moses begs for the one thing he will be denied. Source id 05o4f.
נָּ֗אpleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreaty (softens the cohortative request)נָא (H4994), marking polite request/entreaty. Source id 05iaj.
וְאֶרְאֶה֙and let me seeconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (coordinate cohortative)→ Cohortative: continuing volitional requestרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; paired with 'crossing' as the twin content of Moses' plea. Source id 05BKq.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853). Source id 05zK3.
הָאָ֣רֶץthe landart + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of וְאֶרְאֶהאֶרֶץ (H776). Source id 05rJJ.
הַטּוֹבָ֔הgoodart + adj f sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjective (modifies הָאָרֶץ)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'; the land's goodness is the emotional center of the plea (cf. Exod 3:8). Source id 05uEK.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthatrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying 'the land')אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 0531Q.
בְּעֵ֣בֶרis beyondprep בְּ + N m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Predicate prepositional phrase (locative, within the relative clause)עֵבֶר (H5676); from Moses' Transjordan vantage, the land 'beyond' is the west bank he will never enter. Source id 058XT.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ןthe Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Genitive complementיַרְדֵּן (H3383). Source id 05KRB.
הָהָ֥רthe hill countryart + N m sg abs · הַר (H2022)Apposition (further specifies 'the good land')הַר (H2022) 'mountain, hill country'; likely the central highlands. Source id 05Vir.
הַטּ֛וֹבgoodart + adj m sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjective (modifies הָהָר)טוֹב (H2896), repeated for emphasis. Source id 05Bi2.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative modifierזֶה (H2088). Source id 05DdX.
וְהַלְּבָנֽוֹןand Lebanonconj וְ + art + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Coordinate apposition (further specifies the land's extent, place-name)לְבָנוֹן (H3844), the mountain range marking the northern extremity of the fullest vision of the land promise. Source id 05FaQ.
26

וַיִּתְעַבֵּ֨ר יְהוָ֥ה בִּי֙ לְמַ֣עַנְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֵלָ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ רַב לָ֔ךְ אַל תּ֗וֹסֶף דַּבֵּ֥ר אֵלַ֛י ע֖וֹד בַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה

But YHWH was furious with me on your account and would not listen to me; and YHWH said to me, 'Enough! Speak to me no more of this matter.'

YHWH's refusal — the chapter's tragic turnוַ
The most devastating verse for Moses personally: YHWH's fury (וַיִּתְעַבֵּר, from the same root that means 'cross') is explicitly blamed on the people ('on your account,' echoing 1:37 and Num 20:12), not Moses' own sin per se — sharpening the pathos of a leader bearing consequence for others' rebellion. The terse רַב־לָךְ ('enough!') and the prohibition against raising the matter again mark the refusal as final and non-negotiable.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיִּתְעַבֵּ֨רand he was furiousHitpael wayyiqtol 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces the refusal)→ Wayyiqtol; Hitpael: an intensified emotional state — 'worked himself into wrath'עָבַר (H5674) Hitpael 'to become furious, overflow with anger'; a poignant wordplay — the very root that means 'to cross' throughout the chapter now describes the wrath that will deny Moses' crossing. Source id 05MTx.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectיְהוָה (H3068). Source id 05eeu.
בִּי֙with meprep בְּ + 1cs sfx · בְּPrepositional phrase (object of divine anger)בְּ + 1cs suffix. Source id 05u2K.
לְמַ֣עַנְכֶ֔םon your accountprep לְמַעַן + 2mp sfx · מַעַן (H4616)Prepositional phrase (causal, 'because of you')מַעַן (H4616) 'sake, purpose'; לְמַעַן 'for the sake of, because of' — Moses attributes his exclusion to the people's rebellion (cf. 1:37; Num 20:12). Source id 05Ji5.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Coordinate negative particleלֹא (H3808). Source id 05sRx.
שָׁמַ֖עhe listenedQal perf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (coordinate main clause, negated)→ Perfective (negated): a completed refusal to hearשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, listen, obey'; YHWH's flat refusal of the request. Source id 05oGS.
אֵלָ֑יto meprep אֶל + 1cs sfx · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)אֶל (H413) + 1cs suffix. Source id 05ojQ.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidQal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces the divine verdict)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559). Source id 058eL.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectיְהוָה (H3068). Source id 05JUj.
אֵלַי֙to meprep אֶל + 1cs sfx · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) + 1cs suffix. Source id 05Gmx.
רַבenoughadj m sg constr (predicate exclamation) · רַב (H7227)Predicate adjective (elliptical exclamation)רַב (H7227) 'much, enough, sufficient'; רַב־לָךְ is the terse divine dismissal, 'you have enough — no more of this.' Source id 05zqp.
לָ֔ךְfor youprep לְ + 2fs sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (completes the idiom רַב לְ)לְ + 2fs suffix — the fixed idiom רַב־לָךְ retains an old/fossilized 2fs-looking form even addressed to Moses; a minor Masoretic curiosity. Source id 05Z4n.
אַלnotnegative particle · אַל (H408)Negative particle (prohibitive)אַל (H408). Source id 05EBC.
תּ֗וֹסֶףadd, continueHiphil jussive 2ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (prohibition, jussive)→ Jussive (negated): a firm divine prohibitionיָסַף (H3254) Hiphil 'to add, continue (doing)'; אַל תּוֹסֶף דַּבֵּר, idiom 'do not speak of this anymore.' Source id 05Qrj.
דַּבֵּ֥רto speakPiel inf constr · דָּבַר (H1696)Complementary infinitive construct (object of תּוֹסֶף)→ Infinitive construct: the content of the forbidden continuanceדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak.' Source id 05zcn.
אֵלַ֛יto meprep אֶל + 1cs sfx · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) + 1cs suffix. Source id 05htk.
ע֖וֹדagain, anymoreadverb · עוֹד (H5750)Adverb (temporal, reinforces the prohibition)עוֹד (H5750) 'still, again, yet.' Source id 05mPM.
בַּדָּבָ֥רabout the matterprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Locative/topical prepositional phraseדָּבָר (H1697) 'word, matter, thing.' Source id 05rNM.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative modifierזֶה (H2088). Source id 05mxT.
27

עֲלֵ֣ה רֹ֣אשׁ הַפִּסְגָּ֗ה וְשָׂ֥א עֵינֶ֛יךָ יָ֧מָּה וְצָפֹ֛נָה וְתֵימָ֥נָה וּמִזְרָ֖חָה וּרְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֑יךָ כִּי לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּ֥ן הַזֶּֽה

Go up to the top of Pisgah and lift up your eyes westward and northward and southward and eastward, and look with your eyes, for you shall not cross this Jordan.

The compensating vision — YHWH's concession within the refusalasyndeton
YHWH replaces the denied physical crossing with a panoramic visual concession spanning all four directions — the fourfold repetition mimics the totality Moses had requested in v. 25 — while תַעֲבֹר, negated here in direct address to Moses, delivers the chapter's central tragic verdict with maximum finality.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
עֲלֵ֣הgo upQal impv 2ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Imperative: direct commandעָלָה (H5927) 'to go up, ascend'; YHWH's substitute for the denied crossing. Source id 05JFY.
רֹ֣אשׁthe top ofN m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Locative direct object (construct, destination of ascent)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head, top, summit.' Source id 05tNW.
הַפִּסְגָּ֗הPisgahart + N proper · פִּסְגָּה (H6449)Genitive complement (place-name)פִּסְגָּה (H6449); the ridge overlooking the plains of Moab where Moses will later die (34:1). Source id 05vVg.
וְשָׂ֥אand lift upconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (coordinate imperative)→ Imperative: direct commandנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry'; idiom נָשָׂא עֵינַיִם 'to lift up the eyes' = to look intently. Source id 05GsN.
עֵינֶ֛יךָyour eyesN com dual constr + 2ms sfx · עַיִן (H5869)Direct object of וְשָׂאעַיִן (H5869) dual with 2ms suffix. Source id 05ESe.
יָ֧מָּהwestwardN m sg abs + directional sfx ־ָה · יָם (H3220)Adverbial accusative of directionיָם (H3220) 'sea'; idiomatically 'west' (the Mediterranean lies west), with directional suffix. Source id 052xq.
וְצָפֹ֛נָהand northwardconj וְ + N f sg abs + directional sfx ־ָה · צָפוֹן (H6828)Coordinate adverbial accusative (directional)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north.' Source id 05Gta.
וְתֵימָ֥נָהand southwardconj וְ + N f sg abs + directional sfx ־ָה · תֵּימָן (H8486)Coordinate adverbial accusative (directional)תֵּימָן (H8486) 'south.' Source id 05NA7.
וּמִזְרָ֖חָהand eastwardconj וְ + N m sg abs + directional sfx ־ָה · מִזְרָח (H4217)Coordinate adverbial accusative (directional)מִזְרָח (H4217) 'east.' Source id 059KR.
וּרְאֵ֣הand seeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (coordinate imperative)→ Imperative: direct commandרָאָה (H7200); a visual substitute for the physical entry Moses is denied. Source id 05R5N.
בְעֵינֶ֑יךָwith your eyesprep בְּ + N com dual constr + 2ms sfx · עַיִן (H5869)Instrumental prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) dual with 2ms suffix. Source id 05Rom.
כִּיforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunctionכִּי (H3588). Source id 05L7X.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808). Source id 05ZEr.
תַעֲבֹ֖רyou shall crossQal impf (yiqtol) 2ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (negated main clause; the final, explicit denial)→ Yiqtol (negated): a categorical future prohibition — the denial made absolutely explicitעָבַר (H5674); the chapter's key verb receives its starkest, most final negation here, spoken directly to Moses. Source id 05G6B.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853). Source id 05a5r.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֥ןthe Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Direct object of תַעֲבֹריַרְדֵּן (H3383). Source id 05CBu.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative modifierזֶה (H2088); 'this Jordan' — emphatically deictic, the river right before Moses that he will never cross. Source id 05h7x.
28

וְצַ֥ו אֶת יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ כִּי ה֣וּא יַעֲבֹ֗ר לִפְנֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔ם אֶת הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה

But commission Joshua, and encourage him and strengthen him, for he shall cross over before this people, and he shall put them in possession of the land that you will see.

Formal commissioning of Joshua (resolution — succession secured)וְ
Moses' personal loss becomes Israel's institutional gain: the crossing (יַעֲבֹר) and inheritance-giving (יַנְחִיל) denied to Moses are formally transferred to Joshua in the same verbs, and the doubled imperative חַזְּקֵהוּ וְאַמְּצֵהוּ anticipates YHWH's own charge to Joshua in 31:7, 23 — leadership continuity is secured even as the leader himself remains excluded.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְצַ֥וbut commissionconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb (coordinate imperative, main clause)→ Imperative: direct commandצָוָה (H6680) Piel imperative 'command, charge'; Moses is instructed to formally invest Joshua with leadership. Source id 05vJb.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853). Source id 05aNN.
יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַJoshuaN proper · יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (H3091)Direct object of וְצַויְהוֹשֻׁעַ (H3091). Source id 05kZd.
וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּand strengthen himconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms + 3ms sfx · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (coordinate imperative)→ Imperative: direct commandחָזַק (H2388) Piel 'to strengthen, make firm.' Source id 05p5b.
וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּand embolden himconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms + 3ms sfx · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (coordinate imperative)→ Imperative: direct commandאָמַץ (H553) Piel 'to strengthen, embolden'; near-synonym paired with חָזַק, anticipating YHWH's own charge to Joshua in 31:7, 23. Source id 05X2y.
כִּיforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunctionכִּי (H3588). Source id 05PMj.
ה֣וּאheindependent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Emphatic subject pronoun (subject of יַעֲבֹר)הוּא (H1931). Source id 05ZCR.
יַעֲבֹ֗רshall cross overQal impf (yiqtol) 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: future/modal — Joshua's assured, granted crossing, contrasting Moses' denialעָבַר (H5674); the very verb denied to Moses in v. 27 is now granted to Joshua — the chapter's central irony of leadership transition. Source id 05m4e.
לִפְנֵי֙beforeprep לְ + N com pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase (locative)פָּנִים (H6440); idiom לִפְנֵי 'before, ahead of.' Source id 05PRD.
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive complementעַם (H5971). Source id 05kKo.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + demonstrative pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative modifierזֶה (H2088). Source id 052fb.
וְהוּא֙and heconj וְ + independent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Coordinate emphatic subject pronoun (subject of יַנְחִיל)הוּא (H1931). Source id 05NeN.
יַנְחִ֣ילshall give possession ofHiphil impf (yiqtol) 3ms · נָחַל (H5157)Predicate verb (coordinate main clause)→ Yiqtol: future/modal — Joshua's assured future role as land-distributorנָחַל (H5157) Hiphil 'to cause to inherit, apportion as an inheritance'; Joshua's specific future task (cf. Josh 13-21). Source id 055Jm.
אוֹתָ֔םthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Object of יַנְחִיל (referring to the people)אֵת (H853) + 3mp suffix, referring to הָעָם. Source id 05GUj.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (second object, the land itself)אֵת (H853). Source id 05aUh.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of יַנְחִילאֶרֶץ (H776). Source id 05ik6.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun (introduces relative clause modifying 'the land')אֲשֶׁר (H834). Source id 05R15.
תִּרְאֶֽהyou will seeQal impf (yiqtol) 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: future — Moses' visual (not physical) participation, per v. 27רָאָה (H7200); ties Joshua's future inheritance-giving back to the vision granted Moses from Pisgah. Source id 05fmL.
29

וַנֵּ֣שֶׁב בַּגָּ֔יְא מ֖וּל בֵּ֥ית פְּעֽוֹר

So we remained in the valley opposite Beth-peor.

Closing notice — the chapter's narrative frame resolvedוַ
A terse geographical anchor closing the chapter: the valley opposite Beth-peor is where Israel waits out the remainder of Moses' life and where, per 34:6, Moses himself will be buried. The chapter that opened with conquest and climaxed with personal denial ends with the whole community simply encamped, poised at the threshold they must wait to cross.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַנֵּ֣שֶׁבand we remainedQal wayyiqtol 1cp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (closes the chapter's narrative frame)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, remain'; the encampment where Israel stays until the crossing narrated in Joshua. Source id 05Vez.
בַּגָּ֔יְאin the valleyprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · גַּיְא (H1516)Locative prepositional phraseגַּיְא (H1516) 'valley, ravine'; the Jordan valley plain opposite Jericho. Source id 055sh.
מ֖וּלoppositeprep · מוּל (H4136)Prepositional phrase (locative)מוּל (H4136) 'opposite, in front of.' Source id 05Dmo.
בֵּ֥יתBeth-N proper (construct element) · בַּיִת (H1047)Construct (first element of the place-name)בַּיִת 'house of', first element of the compound place-name Beth-peor. Source id 05S76.
פְּעֽוֹרPeorN proper · פְּעוֹר (H1047)Genitive complement (completes the place-name)פְּעוֹר, a Moabite site near Israel's final encampment, associated with the Baal-Peor incident (Num 25) and, per 34:6, near Moses' eventual burial place. Source id 053U9.