Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 11דברים 11

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Eyes that have seen: Egypt's discipline, the sea closing over Pharaoh's army, Dathan and Abiram swallowed whole. Then the land — not flat Egypt watered by foot, but hills drinking rain from heaven under YHWH's year-round gaze. The words return to heart, hand, and doorpost, and it ends where Israel stands: blessing on one mountain, curse on the other, today.

Translation & textual notes

Deuteronomy 11 is textually well preserved in the Leningrad Codex; the Qumran Deuteronomy fragments that overlap this chapter agree with MT in essentials, and LXX, Samaritan Pentateuch, Peshitta, and Vulgate confirm its wording throughout — there is no substantive variant of consequence. Two literary-syntactic features deserve note. First, vv.2-7 form a celebrated anacoluthon: the sentence begun in v.2, כִּי לֹא אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם ('for [I speak] not to your children who...'), piles up a chain of אֶת-object clauses — YHWH's greatness, mighty hand, Egypt's plagues, the sea, the wilderness years, Dathan and Abiram — without ever supplying that opening clause's expected main verb; the syntax only resolves in v.7's כִּי עֵינֵיכֶם הָרֹאֹת, 'for it is your eyes that have seen.' Commentators from Driver to Tigay read the broken construction as rhetorically deliberate, suspending resolution until the eyewitness point lands. Second, v.6 names Dathan and Abiram but pointedly omits Korah, consistent with Numbers 26:11 ('the sons of Korah did not die') rather than reflecting textual corruption. Finally, v.30 locates Gerizim and Ebal 'opposite Gilgal, beside the oaks of Moreh' — a geographical note that has drawn scrutiny, since the conquest narratives' Gilgal sits in the Jordan Valley, far from Shechem; the Samaritan Pentateuch's rival tradition (its altar text at 27:4 reads 'Gerizim,' not MT's 'Ebal') shows how contested this geography became, though ch. 11 itself preserves no variant here. Versification follows MT.

1

וְאָ֣הַבְתָּ֔ אֵ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣ מִשְׁמַרְתּ֗וֹ וְחֻקֹּתָ֧יו וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֛יו וּמִצְוֺתָ֖יו כָּל הַיָּמִֽים

And you shall love YHWH your God, and keep his charge, his statutes, his judgments, and his commandments, all the days.

Thesis — love issuing in obedienceוְ (and)
The chapter opens by fusing love and obedience: a single 'you shall love' governs a fourfold list of covenant terms — his charge, his statutes, his judgments, his commandments — under the verb 'keep', and 'all the days' stretches the obligation across every circumstance. Everything that follows (evidence, promise, warning) unpacks this one keynote command.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאָ֣הַבְתָּ֔and you shall loveQal weqatal 2ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (main clause) -- injunctive command→ Weqatal: continuing volitional/injunctive force -- 'you shall love'אָהַב (H157) 'to love'; here covenantal love -- loyalty and devotion, not mere emotion -- paired with שָׁמַר to root obedience in relationship.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marking YHWH as definite object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi; marks יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ as the definite direct object of אָהַב.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Direct object (divine name, in apposition with following אֱלֹהֶיךָ)יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, from the verb הָיָה 'to be' -- the One who is/will be present with his people.
אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Direct object (in apposition to יְהוָה, forming the covenant formula 'YHWH your God')אֱלֹהִים (H430) + 2ms suffix 'your God'; the recurring Deuteronomic covenant title binding YHWH to Israel personally.
וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֣and you shall keepconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (main clause, coordinate with וְאָהַבְתָּ)→ Weqatal: continuing injunctive force -- 'you shall keep/guard'שָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, watch, guard, observe'; paired with אָהַב to make obedience the concrete expression of covenantal love.
מִשְׁמַרְתּ֗וֹhis chargeN f sg constr + 3ms suffix · מִשְׁמֶרֶת (H4931)Direct object (first item of fourfold list)מִשְׁמֶרֶת (H4931) 'charge, obligation, duty to keep,' from the root שמר; a comprehensive term heading the list that follows (statutes, judgments, commandments).
וְחֻקֹּתָ֧יוand his statutesconj וְ + N c pl constr + 3ms suffix · חֻקָּה (H2708)Direct object (second item of list, coordinate)חֻקָּה (H2708) 'statute, prescribed enactment,' from חָקַק 'to inscribe, decree'; fixed divine ordinances.
וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֛יוand his judgmentsconj וּ + N m pl constr + 3ms suffix · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Direct object (third item of list, coordinate)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment, ordinance, legal ruling,' from שָׁפַט 'to judge'; case-law style stipulations.
וּמִצְוֺתָ֖יוand his commandmentsconj וּ + N f pl constr + 3ms suffix · מִצְוָה (H4687)Direct object (fourth item of list, coordinate)מִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment,' from צִוָּה 'to command'; the most general term for divine instruction, closing the fourfold list.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing the following temporal phraseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every, whole'; here in construct with the following noun forming the adverbial phrase 'all the days, always.'
הַיָּמִֽיםthe daysart + N m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time (with כָּל, 'all the days' = always)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; כָּל הַיָּמִים 'all the days' is a fixed Deuteronomic idiom for constancy/perpetuity, framing love and obedience as lifelong, not occasional.
2

וִֽידַעְתֶּם֮ הַיּוֹם֒ כִּ֣י לֹ֣א אֶת בְּנֵיכֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא יָדְעוּ֙ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא רָא֔וּ אֶת מוּסַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם אֶת גָּדְל֕וֹ אֶת יָדוֹ֙ הַחֲזָקָ֔ה וּזְרֹע֖וֹ הַנְּטוּיָֽה

And know today that it is not with your children — who have not known and who have not seen the discipline of YHWH your God — his greatness, his mighty hand, and his outstretched arm,

Evidentiary appeal — the eyewitness argument opensוְ (and)
Begins the chapter's celebrated broken sentence (anacoluthon): 'not with your children, who did not know and did not see...' opens a chain of objects — the discipline, the greatness, the mighty hand, the outstretched arm — that runs through v.6 without a resolving main verb, holding the hearer in suspense until v.7's 'your own eyes have seen.'
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וִֽידַעְתֶּם֮and you shall knowconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (main clause), introducing the eyewitness argument→ Weqatal: injunctive -- 'know/acknowledge,' continuing the command series from v.1יָדַע (H3045) 'to know, recognize, acknowledge'; here not mere cognition but existential acknowledgment of what YHWH has done -- the ground for the argument that follows.
הַיּוֹם֒todayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; הַיּוֹם 'today' is Deuteronomy's characteristic marker of the urgent present moment of covenant address.
כִּ֣יthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction introducing the object clause of וִידַעְתֶּם (opening the anacoluthon resolved only in v.7)כִּי (H3588) multivalent conjunction 'that/for/because'; introduces the content of 'know' -- but this clause never receives its expected predicate, running as an anacoluthon through v.6, resolved by the second כִּי in v.7.
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the elided predication about 'your children' (resolved in v.7)לֹא (H3808), the standard verbal negative; negating the implicit claim that follows -- 'not [I speak/address] your children.'
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Preposition governing בְּנֵיכֶם -- 'with/to your children'אֵת (H854) preposition 'with, together with' (distinct from the homographic object-marker אֵת, H853); here marks the addressee of the elided verb, 'not [speaking] to your children.'
בְּנֵיכֶ֗םyour childrenN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · בֵּן (H1121)Object of the preposition אֶתבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; plural with suffix 'your children/sons' -- the generation too young to have witnessed the exodus and wilderness events, contrasted with 'your eyes' in v.7.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhorelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker, introducing a clause modifying בְּנֵיכֶםאֲשֶׁר (H834), the invariable Hebrew relative pronoun/particle 'who, which, that'; introduces 'who did not know and did not see.'
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates יָדְעוּ within the relative clauseלֹא (H3808) standard negative particle, negating the verb 'knew.'
יָדְעוּ֙they knewQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb of the relative clause (negated)→ Perfective: a simple past fact -- the children's generation did not experientially knowיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'; negated perfect describing the children's lack of firsthand acquaintance with YHWH's acts.
וַאֲשֶׁ֣רand whoconj וְ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Coordinating conjunction + relative marker, second clause in seriesאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, coordinated by וְ to the previous relative clause -- 'and who did not see.'
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates רָאוּלֹא (H3808), negating 'saw' -- the children did not personally witness the events named.
רָא֔וּthey sawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb of second relative clause (negated), coordinate with יָדְעוּ→ Perfective: simple negated past factרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; negated -- this generation's children did not see with their own eyes, setting up the eyewitness contrast of v.7.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker introducing the long chain of objects for the eventual predicate in v.7 (הָרֹאֹת)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi; opens the first in the long series of אֶת-marked objects (מוּסַר, גָּדְלוֹ, יָדוֹ, etc.) finally governed by עֵינֵיכֶם הָרֹאֹת in v.7.
מוּסַ֖רthe discipline ofN m sg constr · מוּסָר (H4148)Direct object (head of construct chain with יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם)מוּסָר (H4148) 'discipline, instruction, chastisement,' from יָסַר; the formative disciplinary dealings of YHWH with Israel in the wilderness/exodus, which the children did not experience.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chain (מוּסַר יְהוָה, 'discipline of YHWH')יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive after מוּסַר identifying whose discipline is meant.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה, completing the covenant titleאֱלֹהִים (H430) + 2mp suffix; completes 'YHWH your God,' the recurring Deuteronomic formula.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker introducing next item in the chain (גָּדְלוֹ)אֵת (H853), marking 'his greatness' as a further object continuing the accumulating list.
גָּדְל֕וֹhis greatnessN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · גֹּדֶל (H1433)Direct object (item in the accumulating list)גֹּדֶל (H1433) 'greatness, magnitude,' from גָּדַל 'to be great'; here YHWH's manifest greatness displayed in his acts.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker introducing next item (יָדוֹ הַחֲזָקָה)אֵת (H853), marking 'his mighty hand' as the next object in the list.
יָדוֹ֙his handN c sg constr + 3ms suffix · יָד (H3027)Direct object, modified by following adjective הַחֲזָקָהיָד (H3027) 'hand'; anthropomorphic image of divine power, stereotypically paired with 'strong hand and outstretched arm' in exodus language (cf. Deut 4:34; 5:15).
הַחֲזָקָ֔הthe mightyart + adj f sg abs · חָזָק (H2389)Attributive adjective modifying יָדוֹ ('his mighty hand')חָזָק (H2389) 'strong, mighty'; the fixed epithet יָד חֲזָקָה 'mighty hand' recalls YHWH's exodus power.
וּזְרֹע֖וֹand his armconj וּ + N c sg constr + 3ms suffix · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Direct object, coordinate with יָדוֹ, modified by following adjectiveזְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'arm'; paired with יָד in the standard exodus formula 'strong hand and outstretched arm.'
הַנְּטוּיָֽהthe outstretchedart + Qal passive ptc f sg abs · נָטָה (H5186)Attributive participle modifying זְרֹעוֹ ('his outstretched arm')→ Participle: stative/descriptive -- a fixed attribute, not an ongoing actionנָטָה (H5186) 'to stretch out, extend'; passive participle 'outstretched,' the fixed pairing with יָד חֲזָקָה describing YHWH's exodus deliverance (cf. Exod 6:6; Deut 4:34).
3

וְאֶת אֹֽתֹתָיו֙ וְאֶֽת מַעֲשָׂ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְפַרְעֹ֥ה מֶֽלֶךְ מִצְרַ֖יִם וּלְכָל אַרְצֽוֹ

and his signs and his deeds that he did in the midst of Egypt, to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to all his land,

Continuation — the Egypt evidenceוְ (and)
Second link in the object chain begun in v.2: the plague signs and mighty acts against Pharaoh and all his land. The Exodus wonders are cited as public, land-wide evidence — events the parent generation itself witnessed in the midst of Egypt.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker continuing the chain from v.2 (next item: 'his signs')וְ continues the accumulating list; אֵת marks אֹתֹתָיו as the next object still awaiting the resolving verb of v.7.
אֹֽתֹתָיו֙his signsN c pl constr + 3ms suffix · אוֹת (H226)Direct object (item in the accumulating list)אוֹת (H226) 'sign, token, miracle'; here the plagues/wonders performed against Egypt, evidencing YHWH's power.
וְאֶֽתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker introducing next item (his deeds)אֵת marks מַעֲשָׂיו as the next object continuing the list.
מַעֲשָׂ֔יוhis deedsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Direct object, modified by following relative clauseמַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'deed, work, act,' from עָשָׂה; YHWH's mighty acts, specified by the relative clause that follows.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker modifying מַעֲשָׂיואֲשֶׁר (H834) relative particle, introducing 'that he did in the midst of Egypt.'
עָשָׂ֖הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed historical act -- YHWH's decisive deeds in Egyptעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, act'; the verb recurs (vv.3-7) as the refrain describing each of YHWH's mighty acts.
בְּת֣וֹךְin the midst ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, middle'; with בְּ, 'in the midst of Egypt' -- locating the deeds geographically.
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptN proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Object of preposition, in construct-like genitive relation to תוֹךְמִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt; dual/plural form referring to Upper and Lower Egypt.
לְפַרְעֹ֥הto Pharaohprep לְ + N proper · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Prepositional phrase specifying the recipient/target of YHWH's actsפַּרְעֹה (H6547), the Egyptian royal title 'Pharaoh,' used as a proper name in the exodus narrative.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to פַּרְעֹה, in construct with מִצְרַיִםמֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'; construct 'king of Egypt' identifies Pharaoh's office.
מִצְרַ֖יִםEgyptN proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive after מֶלֶךְ (construct chain)מִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt; completes the title 'king of Egypt.'
וּלְכָלand to allconj וּ + prep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase coordinate with לְפַרְעֹה, extending the recipients of YHWH's actsכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct with אַרְצוֹ, 'and to all his land' -- extending the scope beyond Pharaoh himself.
אַרְצֽוֹhis landN c sg constr + 3ms suffix · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive completing the construct chain כָל אַרְצוֹאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth, territory'; here Pharaoh's realm, the whole of Egypt affected by YHWH's acts.
4

וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ לְחֵ֨יל מִצְרַ֜יִם לְסוּסָ֣יו וּלְרִכְבּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵצִ֜יף אֶת מֵ֤י יַם סוּף֙ עַל פְּנֵיהֶ֔ם בְּרָדְפָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיְאַבְּדֵ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה

and what he did to the army of Egypt, to its horses and to its chariots — how he made the waters of the Sea of Reeds flow over them as they pursued after you, and YHWH destroyed them, to this day;

Continuation — the sea evidenceוְ (and)
Third link in the chain: the drowning of Egypt's cavalry at the Sea of Reeds. The closing note 'YHWH destroyed them, to this day' marks the event's permanence — the pursuing power never recovered — sharpening the evidentiary force for the generation that watched the waters close.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַאֲשֶׁ֣רand whatconj וְ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Coordinating conjunction + relative marker introducing a new relative clause continuing the object chainאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, here functioning nominally ('and what he did...'), continuing the series of things this generation witnessed.
עָשָׂה֩he didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed historical actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; recurring refrain-verb, here of YHWH's action against Egypt's army.
לְחֵ֨ילto the army ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · חַיִל (H2428)Prepositional phrase marking the recipient of YHWH's actionחַיִל (H2428) 'army, force, strength'; construct 'army of Egypt,' the military host destroyed at the sea.
מִצְרַ֜יִםEgyptN proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive completing construct חֵיל מִצְרַיִםמִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt; identifies whose army is meant.
לְסוּסָ֣יוto his horsesprep לְ + N m pl constr + 3ms suffix · סוּס (H5483)Prepositional phrase in apposition/specification to לְחֵיל מִצְרַיִםסוּס (H5483) 'horse'; specifying the cavalry component of Pharaoh's army.
וּלְרִכְבּ֗וֹand to his chariotryconj וּ + prep לְ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · רֶכֶב (H7393)Prepositional phrase, coordinate with לְסוּסָיורֶכֶב (H7393) 'chariot(ry)' (collective); Pharaoh's chariot force, famously destroyed in the sea (Exod 14-15).
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhenrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker, here with temporal/circumstantial force ('when he made... flow')אֲשֶׁר (H834), here shading toward a temporal-causal sense, introducing the circumstance of the drowning.
הֵצִ֜יףhe made flow/overflowHiphil perf 3ms · צוּף (H6687)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective, causative (Hiphil): YHWH caused the sea's water to overwhelm the pursuing armyצוּף (H6687) 'to overflow, float'; Hiphil 'to cause to overflow/flood' -- YHWH causing the Reed Sea's waters to engulf Pharaoh's forces.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker for מֵי יַם סוּףאֵת (H853), marking 'the waters of the Red Sea' as the direct object of הֵצִיף.
מֵ֤יthe waters ofN m pl constr · מַיִם (H4325)Direct object, head of construct chainמַיִם (H4325) 'water(s)'; construct with יַם סוּף, 'the waters of the Sea of Reeds.'
יַםsea ofN m sg constr · יָם (H3220)Middle term of the construct chain מֵי יַם סוּףיָם (H3220) 'sea'; construct 'sea of Reeds/Suph,' the traditional site of Israel's deliverance at the exodus.
סוּף֙ReedsN m sg abs · סוּף (H5488)Genitive completing the construct chain (יַם סוּף, 'Sea of Reeds/Red Sea')סוּף (H5488) 'reed, rush'; יַם סוּף, traditionally rendered 'Red Sea,' more literally 'Sea of Reeds.'
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase indicating the water's action ('over their faces')עַל (H5921) 'upon, over'; describing the water surging over the pursuers.
פְּנֵיהֶ֔םtheir facesN c pl constr + 3mp suffix · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of preposition עַל, idiom 'over them/in their presence'פָּנִים (H6440) 'face(s)'; עַל פְּנֵיהֶם idiomatically 'over them, upon them' -- the sea overwhelming the Egyptians.
בְּרָדְפָ֖םas they pursuedprep בְּ + Qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix · רָדַף (H7291)Temporal infinitive-construct clause ('while/as they were pursuing')→ Infinitive construct with temporal בְּ: simultaneous circumstantial actionרָדַף (H7291) 'to pursue, chase'; the infinitive construct with בְּ gives a temporal clause, 'while they pursued after you.'
אַחֲרֵיכֶ֑םafter youprep אַחַר + 2mp suffix · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phrase, object of the pursuing (complement of בְּרָדְפָם)אַחַר (H310) 'after, behind'; 'after you' identifies Israel as the object of Egypt's pursuit.
וַיְאַבְּדֵ֣םand he destroyed themconj וַ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + 3mp suffix · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb of main narrative clause (wayyiqtol advancing the narrative to its climax)→ Wayyiqtol (Piel): foregrounded narrative advance -- the decisive, causative destruction of Pharaoh's armyאָבַד (H6) Qal 'to perish'; Piel (as here) 'to destroy, cause to perish' -- YHWH as the causative agent obliterating the pursuing army.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְאַבְּדֵםיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; explicit subject naming YHWH as the one who destroyed Egypt's army.
עַ֖דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase ('until this day')עַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'; here temporal, 'until this [very] day' -- the effects of the destruction persist to the narrator's present.
הַיּ֥וֹםthe dayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Object of preposition עַד, in phrase with הַזֶּהיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה 'until this day,' a formula marking enduring present relevance.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + demonstrative pronoun m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַיּוֹםזֶה (H2088) 'this'; completes the fixed idiom עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, 'to this very day.'
5

וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר עַד בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה

and what he did for you in the wilderness, until you came to this place;

Continuation — the wilderness evidenceוְ (and)
Fourth link in the chain: a single compressed clause sweeps the entire forty years of wilderness dealings — provision and discipline together — and brings the recital right up to 'this place,' the plains of Moab where the hearers now stand.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַאֲשֶׁ֥רand whatconj וְ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Coordinating conjunction + relative marker continuing the object chainאֲשֶׁר (H834), continuing the series -- 'and what he did to you in the wilderness.'
עָשָׂ֛הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; the refrain-verb, now of YHWH's dealings with Israel in the wilderness years.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְPrepositional phrase, indirect object of עָשָׂהלְ + 2mp suffix 'to/for you'; marks Israel (this generation) as recipient of YHWH's wilderness dealings -- in contrast to the deeds done 'to Egypt.'
בַּמִּדְבָּ֑רin the wildernessprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Locative prepositional phraseמִדְבָּר (H4057) 'wilderness, desert'; the forty-year sojourn setting, a major theme of Deuteronomic memory.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase governing the infinitive construct בֹּאֲכֶםעַד (H5704) 'until'; introduces the temporal clause marking the terminus of the wilderness period.
בֹּאֲכֶ֖םyour comingQal infinitive construct + 2mp suffix · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct as object of עַד, forming a temporal clause ('until you came')→ Infinitive construct: nominalized action marking a temporal boundaryבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; infinitival 'your coming,' i.e., 'until you came to this place.'
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase marking destination ('to this place')עַד (H5704) here spatial, 'as far as, to,' with הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה.
הַמָּק֥וֹםthe placeart + N m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Object of preposition עַדמָקוֹם (H4725) 'place'; here Transjordan, the plains of Moab where Moses delivers this speech.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + demonstrative pronoun m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַמָּקוֹםזֶה (H2088) 'this' -- 'this place,' the present location of the assembly.
6

וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה לְדָתָ֣ן וְלַאֲבִירָ֗ם בְּנֵ֣י אֱלִיאָב֮ בֶּן רְאוּבֵן֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּצְתָ֤ה הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶת פִּ֔יהָ וַתִּבְלָעֵ֥ם וְאֶת בָּתֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת אָהֳלֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֤ת כָּל הַיְקוּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם בְּקֶ֖רֶב כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

and what he did to Dathan and to Abiram, the sons of Eliab son of Reuben — how the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, their households, their tents, and every living thing that was at their feet, in the midst of all Israel.

Continuation — the internal-judgment evidenceוְ (and)
Final link in the chain: judgment inside Israel itself. Dathan and Abiram (Num 16) were swallowed with households, tents, and every living thing 'in the midst of all Israel' — public, undeniable, and aimed at Israelites, proving covenant sanction operates within the camp. Korah goes unnamed, consistent with Num 26:11 ('the sons of Korah did not die').
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וַאֲשֶׁ֨רand whatconj וְ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Coordinating conjunction + relative marker continuing the object chainאֲשֶׁר (H834), introducing the final and climactic item in the chain -- what YHWH did to Dathan and Abiram.
עָשָׂ֜הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; final occurrence of the refrain-verb before the resolving sentence in v.7.
לְדָתָ֣ןto Dathanprep לְ + N proper · דָּתָן (H1885)Prepositional phrase marking the recipient of YHWH's actionדָּתָן (H1885), one of the Reubenite ringleaders (with Abiram) of the rebellion against Moses in Numbers 16.
וְלַאֲבִירָ֗םand to Abiramconj וְ + prep לְ + N proper · אֲבִירָם (H48)Prepositional phrase, coordinate with לְדָתָןאֲבִירָם (H48), Dathan's fellow Reubenite rebel (Num 16); notably Korah, the third rebel leader, is NOT named here -- consistent with Num 26:11, 'the sons of Korah did not die.'
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition to דָתָן/אֲבִירָם, head of a genealogical construct chainבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Eliab,' identifying Dathan and Abiram's father.
אֱלִיאָב֮EliabN proper · אֱלִיאָב (H446)Genitive completing בְּנֵי (construct chain)אֱלִיאָב (H446), father of Dathan and Abiram (cf. Num 16:1).
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition to אֱלִיאָב, continuing the genealogyבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'son of Reuben,' tracing Eliab's own lineage.
רְאוּבֵן֒ReubenN proper · רְאוּבֵן (H7205)Genitive completing בֶּןרְאוּבֵן (H7205), Jacob's firstborn son and eponymous tribal ancestor; Dathan and Abiram belonged to the Reubenite tribe.
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhenrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative/temporal clause marker introducing the account of the earth's swallowingאֲשֶׁר (H834), here shading toward 'when,' introducing the circumstance of the earth opening its mouth.
פָּצְתָ֤הopenedQal perf 3fs · פָּצָה (H6475)Predicate verb of the relative clause, subject הָאָרֶץ→ Perfective: a singular, decisive past eventפָּצָה (H6475) 'to open (the mouth)'; here of the earth splitting open to swallow the rebels (cf. Num 16:31-32).
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the earthart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Subject of פָּצְתָהאֶרֶץ (H776) 'earth, ground'; personified as the agent that opens and swallows in the Korah-rebellion narrative.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker for פִּיהָאֵת (H853), marking 'its mouth' as the direct object of פָּצְתָה.
פִּ֔יהָits mouthN m sg constr + 3fs suffix · פֶּה (H6310)Direct object of פָּצְתָהפֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'; the vivid image of the earth's 'mouth' opening to consume the rebels.
וַתִּבְלָעֵ֥םand swallowed themconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs + 3mp suffix · בָּלַע (H1104)Predicate verb, wayyiqtol continuing the narrative within the relative clause→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative sequence -- the decisive, vivid climax of the earth's actionבָּלַע (H1104) 'to swallow, engulf'; the earth's action consuming Dathan, Abiram, their households, and possessions alive (cf. Num 16:32-33).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker introducing next object (their households)אֵת marks בָּתֵּיהֶם as a further object of וַתִּבְלָעֵם.
בָּתֵּיהֶ֖םtheir householdsN m pl constr + 3mp suffix · בַּיִת (H1004)Direct object, coordinate with the pronominal object of וַתִּבְלָעֵםבַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; here the rebels' families/households, swallowed along with them (cf. Num 16:32).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker introducing next object (their tents)אֵת marks אָהֳלֵיהֶם as a further coordinate object.
אָהֳלֵיהֶ֑םtheir tentsN m pl constr + 3mp suffix · אֹהֶל (H168)Direct object, coordinateאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; the rebels' dwellings, likewise engulfed.
וְאֵ֤תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker introducing the final object (every living thing)אֵת marks כָּל הַיְקוּם as the last coordinate object.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing הַיְקוּםכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct with הַיְקוּם, 'every living thing.'
הַיְקוּם֙living substanceart + N m sg abs · יְקוּם (H3351)Genitive completing כָּל, direct objectיְקוּם (H3351) rare term 'substance, living things,' from קוּם 'to stand/exist'; encompasses people, animals, and possessions belonging to the rebels -- everything caught up with them.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker modifying הַיְקוּםאֲשֶׁר (H834), introducing 'that was at their feet.'
בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔םat their feetprep בְּ + N f dual constr + 3mp suffix · רֶגֶל (H7272)Locative prepositional phrase, predicate of the relative clauseרֶגֶל (H7272) 'foot'; idiom 'at their feet' = in their following/retinue, i.e., their dependents and possessions.
בְּקֶ֖רֶבin the midst ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Locative prepositional phraseקֶרֶב (H7130) 'midst, among'; locates the event publicly, 'in the midst of all Israel' -- witnessed by the whole community.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing יִשְׂרָאֵלכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; construct with יִשְׂרָאֵל, 'all Israel.'
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing כָּל (construct chain)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); the whole assembled nation, emphasizing the public, communally-witnessed nature of the Dathan/Abiram judgment.
7

כִּ֤י עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הָֽרֹאֹ֔ת אֶת כָּל מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה הַגָּדֹ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עָשָֽׂה

For it is your own eyes that have seen every great deed of YHWH that he did.

Resolution — the eyewitness point landsכִּי (for)
The long suspended sentence of vv.2-6 finally resolves: the fronted 'your eyes' supplies the point of the whole recital — this generation saw it all firsthand. The obligation to obey (v.8) therefore rests not on inherited report but on the testimony of their own eyes.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֤יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Resolving conjunction -- introduces the long-delayed main clause that finally answers the object-chain begun in v.2כִּי (H3588); the second, resolving כִּי of the sentence begun in v.2 -- 'but rather, for it is your eyes...' -- the rhetorical payoff of the whole anacoluthon.
עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙your eyesN c dual constr + 2mp suffix · עַיִן (H5869)Subject of the participial predicate הָרֹאֹת (fronted for emphasis: 'YOUR eyes')עַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; dual with 2mp suffix, emphatically fronted -- 'your eyes' in contrast to the children who 'did not see' (v.2), the rhetorical center of the whole unit.
הָֽרֹאֹ֔תthat have seenart + Qal participle f pl abs · רָאָה (H7200)Substantival/attributive participle functioning as the predicate -- 'it is your eyes that have seen' (resolving the anacoluthon)→ Participle: durative/perfect-resultative -- an abiding state of having witnessed, standing in emphatic contrast to the children who 'did not see' (v.2)רָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; feminine plural participle agreeing with עֵינֵיכֶם ('eyes'), articular -- 'the seeing [eyes],' i.e., 'the eyes that have seen' -- the long-awaited main predicate of the sentence begun in v.2.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker for the object of הָרֹאֹתאֵת (H853), marking 'every great deed of YHWH' as the object seen.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing מַעֲשֵׂהכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct 'every deed.'
מַעֲשֵׂ֥הdeed ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Direct object, head of construct chain, modified by הַגָּדֹל and the following relative clauseמַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'deed, work'; construct 'deed of YHWH,' summing up everything catalogued in vv.2-6.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing the construct chain מַעֲשֵׂה יְהוָהיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive identifying whose deed is meant.
הַגָּדֹ֑לthe greatart + adj m sg abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective modifying מַעֲשֵׂה ('every great deed')גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, large'; summarizing epithet for the totality of YHWH's mighty acts just recounted.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker modifying מַעֲשֵׂהאֲשֶׁר (H834), introducing 'that he did,' the final relative clause closing the unit.
עָשָֽׂהhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the closing relative clause→ Perfective: summarizing the whole complex of completed acts just recountedעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; final occurrence of the refrain-verb, closing the unit with a summary perfect.
8

וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת כָּל הַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּ֑וֹם לְמַ֣עַן תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ

Therefore you shall keep the whole commandment that I am commanding you today, so that you may be strong, and go in and take possession of the land into which you are crossing to possess it,

Inference — obedience drawn from the evidenceוְ (and, consequential)
The evidentiary recital of vv.2-7 yields its imperative: keep the whole commandment. A purpose chain ('so that') links obedience to strength, entry, and possession — obedience is made the precondition of conquest — and the promise clause runs on into v.9's length of days on the sworn land.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙and you shall keepconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (main clause) -- resumes the imperative chain of v.1, drawing the inference from the eyewitness argument (vv.2-7)→ Weqatal: injunctive/consequential -- 'therefore you shall keep,' the practical conclusion following from vv.2-7שָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, observe, guard'; the chapter's opening verb (v.1) resumed here as the argument's practical conclusion -- because you have seen (v.7), therefore keep (v.8).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker for כָּל הַמִּצְוָהאֵת (H853), marking 'the whole commandment' as the direct object of תִּשְׁמְרוּ.
כָּלthe wholeN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing הַמִּצְוָהכֹּל (H3605) 'all, whole'; construct 'the whole commandment' -- totality, not selective obedience.
הַמִּצְוָ֔הthe commandmentart + N f sg abs · מִצְוָה (H4687)Genitive completing כָּל, direct object, modified by relative clauseמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment'; here singular collective for the whole body of Mosaic instruction, echoing v.1's list.
אֲשֶׁ֛רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker modifying הַמִּצְוָהאֲשֶׁר (H834), introducing 'which I command you today.'
אָנֹכִ֥יIindependent pronoun 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of מְצַוְּךָ (emphatic, since already implied by the verb form)אָנֹכִי (H595) emphatic first-person pronoun 'I'; Moses (as YHWH's spokesman) stressed as the one presently commanding.
מְצַוְּךָ֖am commanding youPiel participle m sg constr + 2ms suffix · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate participle of the relative clause (with אָנֹכִי as subject) -- 'that I am commanding you'→ Participle: present/ongoing -- the immediacy of Moses' contemporaneous commandצָוָה (H6680) 'to command'; Piel participle expressing the ongoing, present-tense force of Moses' speech-act -- the command is being given right now, 'today.'
הַיּ֑וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time modifying מְצַוְּךָיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; הַיּוֹם 'today,' the recurring Deuteronomic marker of the present, urgent moment of covenant renewal.
לְמַ֣עַןso thatprep/conj · לְמַעַן (H4616)Purpose conjunction introducing the result/purpose clause (chain continues into v.9)לְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that, in order that'; introduces the purpose of keeping the commandment -- strength, entry, and possession of the land.
תֶּחֶזְק֗וּyou may be strongQal impf 2mp · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb of the לְמַעַן purpose clause→ Yiqtol: modal/purposive -- the intended result of obedience, 'that you may be strong'חָזַק (H2388) 'to be/become strong'; here of the strength needed for the coming conquest of the land.
וּבָאתֶם֙and you shall enterconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb, continuing the purpose chain (weqatal after yiqtol, 'and enter')→ Weqatal continuing the modal/purposive sequence: 'and [that you may] enter'בּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; here of entering the promised land, continuing the purpose clause begun by לְמַעַן תֶּחֶזְקוּ.
וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣םand you shall possessconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2mp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb, continuing the purpose chain→ Weqatal continuing the purposive sequence: 'and possess'יָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, take possession of, inherit, dispossess'; the culminating verb of conquest -- taking possession of the promised land.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker for הָאָרֶץאֵת (H853), marking 'the land' as the object of תִּירְשׁוּ.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object, modified by the following relative clauseאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'; here Canaan/the promised land, object of יָרַשׁ.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker modifying הָאָרֶץאֲשֶׁר (H834), introducing 'which you are crossing over to possess.'
אַתֶּ֛םyouindependent pronoun 2mp · אַתֶּם (H859)Subject of the participial predicate עֹבְרִיםאַתֶּם (H859) independent 2mp pronoun 'you'; subject of the participle, emphasizing the addressed generation as the ones about to cross.
עֹבְרִ֥יםare crossing overQal participle m pl abs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate participle of the relative clause (with אַתֶּם as subject) -- 'which you are crossing over [to possess]'→ Participle: present/imminent -- the crossing is presently underway/impendingעָבַר (H5674) 'to cross over, pass through'; participle describing Israel's imminent crossing of the Jordan into the land.
שָׁ֖מָּהthitheradverb + directional suffix · שָׁם (H8033)Adverbial phrase of direction/goal, complementing עֹבְרִיםשָׁם (H8033) 'there' + directional ה suffix, 'thither, to there'; indicates the destination of the crossing -- into the land.
לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּto possess itprep לְ + Qal infinitive construct + 3fs suffix · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Purpose infinitive-construct clause, complementing עֹבְרִים ('crossing... in order to possess it')→ Infinitive construct with לְ: purpose/result -- the goal of the crossingיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess'; infinitive construct with לְ and 3fs suffix (referring to הָאָרֶץ), 'to possess it' -- restating the chapter's central promise-goal.
9

וּלְמַ֨עַן תַּאֲרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ עַל הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶ֛ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם וּלְזַרְעָ֑ם אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ

and that you may prolong your days on the land that YHWH swore to your fathers to give to them and to their seed — a land flowing with milk and honey.

Purpose clause (continuing the לְמַעַן chain from v.8)וּלְמַעַן
This verse extends v.8's purpose clause (לְמַעַן תֶּחֶזְקוּ, 'so that you may be strong') with a second, parallel purpose: long life in the land. The relative clause on 'the land' anchors the promise in the patriarchal oath, and the verse closes with the formulaic 'land flowing with milk and honey' that has framed the land-promise since Exodus 3:8.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וּלְמַ֨עַןand so thatconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg constr · מַעַן (H4616)Purpose clause marker (coordinate with v.8's למען)מַעַן (H4616) 'purpose, sake', almost always with לְ as a purpose/result conjunction 'in order that'; here וְ links it back to v.8's own למען תחזקו, extending the chain of purpose clauses.
תַּאֲרִ֤יכוּyou may prolongHiphil impf 2mp · אָרַךְ (H748)Predicate verb of purpose clause→ Yiqtol/modal: purpose-result — prolonging as the intended outcome of obedienceאָרַךְ (H748) 'to be long'; Hiphil 'to make long, prolong' — here of days/lifespan, echoing the land-tenure formula of the Decalogue (Exod 20:12) and Deut 4:40; 5:16; 6:2.
יָמִים֙daysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Direct object (accusative of duration/extent)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural 'days' functioning as an accusative of duration — the length of life/tenure in the land, a recurring Deuteronomic covenant blessing.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (governing הָאֲדָמָה)עַל (H5921) 'upon, on'; here spatial, marking the ground on which the days are to be lengthened.
הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔הthe groundart + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Object of preposition עַלאֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground, soil, land' (associated with אָדָם, 'man/humanity'); a near-synonym of אֶרֶץ but with agricultural connotation — fitting the chapter's rainfall theme.
אֲשֶׁר֩whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing adjectival clause modifying הָאֲדָמָהאֲשֶׁר (H834), the all-purpose Hebrew relative; here introduces the clause identifying the land by the patriarchal oath.
נִשְׁבַּ֨עsworeNiphal perf 3ms · שָׁבַע (H7650)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, binding oath in past timeשָׁבַע (H7650) 'to swear'; occurs almost exclusively in Niphal (tolerative/reflexive, 'bind oneself by oath') and Hiphil (causative); here of YHWH's oath to the patriarchs (cf. Gen 22:16; 26:3; 50:24).
יְהוָ֧הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נִשְׁבַּעיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; subject of the oath-verb, grounding the land-promise in his own sworn word.
לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶ֛םto your fathersprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אָב (H1)Indirect object of נִשְׁבַּעאָב (H1) 'father'; plural construct with 2mp suffix, 'your fathers' — the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, recipients of the original land oath.
לָתֵ֥תto giveprep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitival purpose/complement clause (content of the oath)→ Infinitive construct: expressing the purpose/content of the oath — 'to give'נָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; infinitive construct with לְ specifying what was sworn — the gift of the land itself.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep לְ + 3mp suffixIndirect object of לָתֵתPronominal suffix 'to them', referring back to the fathers — the land is given to the patriarchs as well as their offspring, collapsing generations into one promise.
וּלְזַרְעָ֑םand to their seedconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg constr + 3mp suffix · זֶרַע (H2233)Indirect object of לָתֵת (coordinate with לָהֶם)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed, offspring'; pairs the fathers with their descendants as joint recipients of the land grant, the standard patriarchal-promise formula (cf. Gen 12:7; 13:15).
אֶ֛רֶץa landN f/b sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Noun in apposition to הָאֲדָמָה, head of the participial descriptionאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'; here in apposition, restating 'the ground' as 'a land' about to be characterized by the milk-and-honey formula.
זָבַ֥תflowing (with)Qal ptc f sg constr · זוּב (H2100)Attributive participle (construct, governing חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ)→ Participle: a durative, characterizing state — the land's continual, defining fecundityזוּב (H2100) 'to flow, gush'; feminine participle construct in the fixed idiom אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ, 'a land flowing with milk and honey' — the Torah's standard formula for the promised land's abundance (Exod 3:8, 17; Lev 20:24; Num 13:27; Deut 6:3; 26:9, 15; 27:3; 31:20).
חָלָ֖בmilkN m sg abs · חָלָב (H2461)Object of participle זָבַתחָלָב (H2461) 'milk'; paired with honey, milk represents the herding/pastoral bounty of the land.
וּדְבָֽשׁand honeyconj וְ + N m sg abs · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Object of participle זָבַת (coordinate with חָלָב)דְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey' — likely date/fruit syrup as much as bee-honey in the ancient agrarian idiom; with חָלָב forms the merism for the land's natural abundance.
10

כִּ֣י הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה בָא שָׁ֨מָּה֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ לֹ֣א כְאֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ הִ֔וא אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְצָאתֶ֖ם מִשָּׁ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר תִּזְרַע֙ אֶֽת זַרְעֲךָ֔ וְהִשְׁקִ֥יתָ בְרַגְלְךָ֖ כְּגַ֥ן הַיָּרָֽק

For the land that you are entering to possess is not like the land of Egypt, from which you came, where you would sow your seed and water it by foot, like a vegetable garden.

Causal/explanatory clause grounding v.9's land-promise in a contrast with Egyptכי
The opening ki-clause opens the great Egypt/Canaan contrast that runs through v.12; it explains why the land just described in v.9 is a distinct kind of gift -- not a place of human-engineered irrigation like Egypt, but one wholly dependent on YHWH's rain (vv.11-12).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
כִּ֣יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction introducing explanatory clauseכִּי (H3588), highly flexible: causal 'for/because', asseverative, or conditional 'if'; here causal, grounding the preceding purpose clauses in the land's distinct character.
הָאָ֗רֶץthe landart + N f/b sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Subject of the comparative clause (predicate לֹא כְאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; here the subject about to be defined by contrast with Egypt.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying הָאָרֶץאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, introducing 'that you are entering to possess.'
אַתָּ֤הyouindependent pronoun 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject of participle בָאאַתָּה (H859) 2ms independent pronoun, emphatic subject of the participial clause.
בָאare enteringQal ptc m sg abs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate participle (present/progressive, relative clause)→ Participle: durative/progressive — the ongoing act of entering, in process at the moment of speakingבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; participle expressing an action underway — Israel is presently in the process of entering Canaan.
שָׁ֨מָּה֙thereadverb + directional ה · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverb (goal of motion)שָׁם (H8033) 'there' with the directional/paragogic ה suffix, 'thither' — marking the goal of the entering.
לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּto possess itprep לְ + Qal inf constr + 3fs suffix · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Infinitival purpose clause (purpose of entering)→ Infinitive construct: expressing purpose — 'in order to possess it'יָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, inherit, dispossess'; infinitive construct with לְ, the recurring purpose-infinitive of the conquest theme, suffixed to 'the land.'
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the comparative predicate כְאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִםלֹא (H3808), the standard negative; negates the comparison, setting up the Egypt/Canaan antithesis.
כְאֶ֤רֶץlike the land ofprep כְּ + N f/b sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Predicate of comparison (verbless clause with הִוא)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land' in construct after comparative כְּ, 'like the land of' — introducing Egypt as the negative foil.
מִצְרַ֨יִם֙Egyptproper N · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive complement of construct כְאֶרֶץמִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'; here the paradigm case of a foreign, irrigation-dependent land Israel is leaving behind.
הִ֔ואit (is)independent pronoun 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Copular pronoun / subject resumption (predicate nominative construction)הִיא (H1931) 3fs pronoun, resuming הָאָרֶץ as the subject of the verbless comparative clause, 'it is not like the land of Egypt.'
אֲשֶׁ֥רfrom whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying מִצְרַיִםאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, here resumed by מִשָּׁם, 'from which you came out.'
יְצָאתֶ֖םyou came outQal perf 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed act — the exodus, already accomplishedיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; perfect of the completed exodus from Egypt, the standard verb of the Exodus event.
מִשָּׁ֑םfrom thereprep מִן + adverb · שָׁם (H8033)Locative prepositional phrase (source), resuming אֲשֶׁרשָׁם (H8033) 'there' with מִן 'from', resumptive adverb completing the relative clause on Egypt.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhererelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing further description of Egyptאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, introducing the description of Egyptian irrigation agriculture.
תִּזְרַע֙you would sowQal impf 2ms · זָרַע (H2232)Predicate verb (habitual/customary, relative clause)→ Yiqtol: habitual/customary aspect — repeated past practice in Egyptזָרַע (H2232) 'to sow'; imperfect here expressing habitual past action, the routine of Egyptian farming.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marking זַרְעֲךָ as the definite direct object; untranslated.
זַרְעֲךָ֔your seedN m sg constr + 2ms suffix · זֶרַע (H2233)Direct object of תִּזְרַעזֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'; here literal agricultural seed (contrast v.9's זֶרַע 'offspring') — a wordplay across the chapter on the double sense of the root.
וְהִשְׁקִ֥יתָand watered (it)conj וְ + Hiphil perf 2ms (weqatal) · שָׁקָה (H8248)Predicate verb, weqatal continuing the habitual description→ Weqatal: continuing habitual/customary aspect in past-time descriptionשָׁקָה (H8248) 'to give drink, water'; Hiphil causative, of irrigating crops — the foot-powered watering distinctive of Nile agriculture.
בְרַגְלְךָ֖with your footprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 2ms suffix · רֶגֶל (H7272)Instrumental prepositional phraseרֶגֶל (H7272) 'foot'; here instrumental, referring to foot-operated irrigation devices (a treadle or shaduf-like mechanism) used to lift Nile water onto garden plots — realia distinguishing Egypt's labor-intensive irrigation from Canaan's rain-fed fields.
כְּגַ֥ןlike a garden ofprep כְּ + N m sg constr · גַּן (H1588)Adverbial comparison (manner)גַּן (H1588) 'garden, enclosure'; construct with הַיָּרָק, comparing Egyptian field-irrigation to small-scale vegetable-garden watering.
הַיָּרָֽקthe vegetablesart + N m sg abs · יָרָק (H3419)Genitive complement of construct כְּגַןיָרָק (H3419) 'green plants, vegetables, herbs'; the term for garden produce requiring constant hand-watering, unlike grain fields dependent on rain.
11

וְהָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֨מָּה֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ אֶ֥רֶץ הָרִ֖ים וּבְקָעֹ֑ת לִמְטַ֥ר הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם תִּשְׁתֶּה מָּֽיִם

But the land that you are crossing over to possess is a land of hills and valleys; it drinks water from the rain of heaven.

Adversative contrast, resuming and completing the Egypt/Canaan comparison begun in v.10ו
The waw is adversative ('but'), pivoting from Egypt's flat, foot-irrigated fields to Canaan's topography of hills and valleys wholly dependent on rainfall -- the verse states positively what v.10 denied, and sets up v.12's theological climax.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהָאָ֗רֶץbut the landconj וְ + art + N f/b sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Subject, resuming הָאָרֶץ from v.10 in adversative contrastאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the וְ here is adversative, 'but the land...', pivoting from the negated Egypt-comparison to Canaan's own positive character.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying הָאָרֶץאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, 'that you are crossing over to possess' — nearly identical relative clause to v.10's, framing the parallel.
אַתֶּ֜םyouindependent pronoun 2mp · אַתֶּם (H859)Subject of participle עֹבְרִיםאַתֶּם (H859) 2mp independent pronoun, emphatic subject of the participial clause.
עֹבְרִ֥יםare crossing overQal ptc m pl abs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate participle (progressive, relative clause)→ Participle: durative/progressive — the crossing presently underwayעָבַר (H5674) 'to cross over, pass through'; participle of the imminent Jordan crossing, standard Deuteronomic verb for the entry into Canaan.
שָׁ֨מָּה֙thereadverb + directional ה · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverb (goal of motion)שָׁם (H8033) with directional ה, 'thither' — the goal of the crossing.
לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּto possess itprep לְ + Qal inf constr + 3fs suffix · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Infinitival purpose clause→ Infinitive construct: expressing purpose — 'in order to possess it'יָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess'; infinitive construct with לְ, repeating the purpose-infinitive of v.10 verbatim.
אֶ֥רֶץa land ofN f/b sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Predicate nominative (verbless clause)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land', construct governing הָרִים וּבְקָעֹת — the predicate characterizing Canaan's topography.
הָרִ֖יםhillsN m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Genitive complement of construct אֶרֶץהַר (H2022) 'mountain, hill'; plural, describing Canaan's hill-country terrain, contrasted with Egypt's flat Nile valley.
וּבְקָעֹ֑תand valleysconj וְ + N f pl abs · בִּקְעָה (H1237)Genitive complement of construct אֶרֶץ (coordinate with הָרִים)בִּקְעָה (H1237) 'valley, plain, cleft'; paired with 'hills' to describe varied terrain unsuited to river irrigation and dependent instead on rainfall.
לִמְטַ֥רfrom the rain ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · מָטָר (H4306)Source/means prepositional phrase (fronted for emphasis before תִּשְׁתֶּה)מָטָר (H4306) 'rain'; construct with הַשָּׁמַיִם, fronted before the verb for emphasis — rain, not irrigation, is what waters this land.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensart + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Genitive complement of construct לִמְטַרשָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens, sky'; source of the rain that (unlike Egypt's Nile) directly waters Canaan — theologically loading the sky as YHWH's domain of provision.
תִּשְׁתֶּהit drinksQal impf 3fs · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (main clause, gnomic/habitual)→ Yiqtol: gnomic/habitual — a general, ongoing characteristic of the landשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'; personifying the land as one who 'drinks' rainwater — a vivid metaphor contrasting with Egypt's mechanically watered fields.
מָּֽיִםwaterN m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Direct object of תִּשְׁתֶּהמַיִם (H4325) 'water', plural in form; the object drunk by the personified land.
12

אֶ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ דֹּרֵ֣שׁ אֹתָ֑הּ תָּמִ֗יד עֵינֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ בָּ֔הּ מֵֽרֵשִׁית֙ הַשָּׁנָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד אַחֲרִ֥ית שָׁנָֽה

a land that YHWH your God cares for; the eyes of YHWH your God are continually upon it, from the beginning of the year to the year's end.

Apposition/further characterization -- the chapter's theological centerasyndeton
This verse is the theological hinge of the land-contrast (vv.10-12): where Egypt required human irrigation labor, Canaan's fertility depends entirely on YHWH's own attentive care, expressed in the vivid image of his eyes 'continually' upon it. It answers the anxiety a rain-dependent land might provoke by grounding provision directly in divine providence rather than agricultural technology.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אֶ֕רֶץa landN f/b sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Appositional noun continuing the characterization of v.11's land (asyndeton)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; resumes in apposition without a conjunction, piling a further description onto the land just introduced in v.11.
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying אֶרֶץאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, introducing the clause on YHWH's care for the land.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of דֹּרֵשׁיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; subject of the participle 'seeks out/cares for.'
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה (epithet)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God', construct with 2ms suffix; in apposition to יְהוָה, the standard Deuteronomic divine title 'YHWH your God.'
דֹּרֵ֣שׁcares forQal ptc m sg abs · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate participle (main clause, characterizing/durative)→ Participle: durative, substantival-verging force — an ongoing, characteristic disposition of attentive care, not a one-time actדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'to seek, inquire, care for, resort to'; here in its extended sense 'to look after, tend to' — the land is the object of YHWH's continual, searching attention, in deliberate contrast to Egypt's fields, which required human tending by foot-irrigation (v.10).
אֹתָ֑הּ[obj] itobj marker + 3fs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of דֹּרֵשׁאֵת (H853) with 3fs suffix, marking 'the land' as the object of YHWH's care.
תָּמִ֗ידcontinuallyN m sg abs (adverbial) · תָּמִיד (H8548)Adverbial accusative modifying the whole clauseתָּמִיד (H8548) 'continuity, perpetuity', used adverbially 'continually, always'; underscores that YHWH's watchfulness over the land is unceasing, not seasonal like Egypt's Nile-driven cycle.
עֵינֵ֨יthe eyes ofN f/b du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Subject (construct chain, genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eye', dual construct 'the eyes of'; a vivid anthropomorphism for YHWH's watchful providence, picking up the eyewitness theme of vv.2-7 (עֵינֵיכֶם הָרֹאֹת) and turning it toward God's own gaze.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive in construct chain עֵינֵי יְהוָהיְהוָה (H3068); genitive of עֵינֵי, 'the eyes of YHWH.'
אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙your GodN m pl constr + 2ms suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) with 2ms suffix, in apposition, 'YHWH your God.'
בָּ֔הּon itprep בְּ + 3fs suffixPrepositional predicate complement (locative)Preposition בְּ with 3fs suffix, 'on/upon it', referring back to the land — completes the verbless clause 'the eyes of YHWH... are on it.'
מֵֽרֵשִׁית֙from the beginning ofprep מִן + N f sg constr · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Temporal prepositional phrase (extent of time)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'beginning, first'; construct with הַשָּׁנָה, marking the start-point of the year-long span of divine watchfulness.
הַשָּׁנָ֔הthe yearart + N f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive complement of construct מֵרֵשִׁיתשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; the agricultural year whose entirety falls under YHWH's watch.
וְעַ֖דand toconj וְ + prep עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (terminus), coordinate with מֵרֵשִׁיתעַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'; pairs with מִן to form the merism 'from...to', spanning the whole year.
אַחֲרִ֥יתthe end ofN f sg constr · אַחֲרִית (H319)Genitive complement of construct עַד (object of preposition)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'end, latter part, outcome'; construct with שָׁנָה, forming with רֵאשִׁית a merism, 'from beginning to end', i.e. the entire year without interruption.
שָׁנָֽהa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive complement of construct אַחֲרִיתשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; completes the temporal merism רֵאשִׁית...אַחֲרִית שָׁנָה, 'from the year's beginning to its end.'
13

וְהָיָ֗ה אִם שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל מִצְוֺתַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ וּלְעָבְד֔וֹ בְּכָל לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁכֶֽם

And it shall be, if you indeed listen to my commandments that I am commanding you today -- to love YHWH your God and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul --

Conditional protasis, opening the covenant conditional that runs through v.17 (apodosis begins v.14)והיה אם
This is the classic Deuteronomic formula introducing a formal covenant conditional; the infinitive-absolute-plus-finite-verb construction intensifies 'listen' to 'if you truly/diligently listen.' This is Deuteronomy's second Shema-like love-and-serve formula (cf. 6:4-9), later incorporated as the second paragraph of the traditional Jewish Shema liturgy -- its content (vv.13-21) recited daily precisely because it pairs love of God with the rain-blessing/curse that vv.14-17 spell out.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְהָיָ֗הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb introducing the conditional sentence→ Weqatal: introducing a future/apodictic conditional construction — the formulaic 'and it shall come to pass'הָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; weqatal here functions as the standard formula opening a conditional sentence, 'and it shall be that if...'
אִםifconditional particle · אִם (H518)Conditional protasis markerאִם (H518) 'if'; introduces the protasis of the covenant conditional that will be answered by the apodosis in v.14 (וְנָתַתִּי, 'then I will give').
שָׁמֹ֤עַindeedQal inf abs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic/intensifying — reinforces תִּשְׁמְעוּ, 'if you truly/diligently listen'שָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, listen, obey'; the infinitive absolute paired with the finite verb of the same root (a common Hebrew emphatic construction) intensifies the conditional — genuine, wholehearted obedience is in view, not mere hearing.
תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙you listenQal impf 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb of the conditional protasis→ Yiqtol: modal/conditional — the condition on which the blessing of vv.14-15 dependsשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, obey'; finite verb completing the infinitive-absolute construction, together meaning 'if you indeed obey.'
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional complement of תִּשְׁמְעוּאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; here marking the object of obedience, 'listen to my commandments.'
מִצְוֺתַ֔יmy commandmentsN f pl constr + 1cs suffix · מִצְוָה (H4687)Object of preposition אֶלמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment'; plural with 1cs suffix, YHWH's own voice ('my commandments') within Moses' address — a first-person shift common in Deuteronomic speech.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying מִצְוֺתַיאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, 'that I command you today.'
אָנֹכִ֛יIindependent pronoun 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of מְצַוֶּהאָנֹכִי (H595), emphatic 1cs pronoun, 'I' — emphasizing the divine/Mosaic speaker as the source of command.
מְצַוֶּ֥הcommandPiel ptc m sg abs · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate participle (present, relative clause)→ Participle: durative present — the ongoing act of commanding 'today'צָוָה (H6680) 'to command'; Piel participle, the standard verb of covenant instruction throughout Deuteronomy.
אֶתְכֶ֖ם[obj] youobj marker + 2mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of מְצַוֶּהאֵת (H853) with 2mp suffix, marking 'you' as the object of the commanding.
הַיּ֑וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs (adverbial) · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day', with article used adverbially 'today' — the recurring Deuteronomic 'today' stressing the present, personal address of the covenant renewal.
לְאַהֲבָ֞הto loveprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָהַב (H157)Infinitival clause epexegetical to the commandments (explaining their content)→ Infinitive construct: purpose/content — defining what obedience to the commandments consists ofאָהַב (H157) 'to love'; infinitive construct specifying the substance of the commandments — echoing the chapter's programmatic opening (11:1, וְאָהַבְתָּ) and the Shema (6:5).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marking יְהוָה as the object of לְאַהֲבָה.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Direct object of לְאַהֲבָהיְהוָה (H3068), the object of Israel's covenant love.
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙your GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) with 2mp suffix, in apposition, 'YHWH your God.'
וּלְעָבְד֔וֹand to serve himconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr + 3ms suffix · עָבַד (H5647)Infinitival clause coordinate with לְאַהֲבָה→ Infinitive construct: purpose/content, coordinate with 'to love' — service as the outworking of loveעָבַד (H5647) 'to serve, worship'; infinitive construct with 3ms suffix, pairing love with service — the standard Deuteronomic hendiadys for covenant loyalty (cf. 10:12; 11:1).
בְּכָלwith allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial prepositional phrase (manner/degree) modifying the infinitivesכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct with לְבַבְכֶם, part of the totalizing 'with all your heart and soul' formula shared with the Shema (6:5).
לְבַבְכֶ֖םyour heartN m sg constr + 2mp suffix · לֵבָב (H3824)Genitive complement of construct בְּכָללֵבָב (H3824) 'heart, mind, inner self' — the seat of will and intellect in Hebrew anthropology, not merely emotion.
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial prepositional phrase, coordinate with בְּכָל לְבַבְכֶםכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; repeats the totalizing formula for נֶפֶשׁ, completing the Shema-echo pair 'heart and soul.'
נַפְשְׁכֶֽםyour soulN f/b sg constr + 2mp suffix · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Genitive complement of construct וּבְכָלנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life, self, being' — the whole living person; paired with לֵבָב for the totalizing demand of undivided covenant loyalty.
14

וְנָתַתִּ֧י מְטַֽר אַרְצְכֶ֛ם בְּעִתּ֖וֹ יוֹרֶ֣ה וּמַלְק֑וֹשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ֣ דְגָנֶ֔ךָ וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֖ וְיִצְהָרֶֽךָ

then I will give the rain of your land in its season, the early rain and the later rain, and you shall gather in your grain, your new wine, and your oil.

Apodosis of the conditional begun in v.13 -- the blessing for obedienceו
The chain of weqatal verbs states the apodosis: obedience triggers YHWH's gift of both rains and the resulting harvest triad grain-wine-oil, the standard Deuteronomic blessing formula for agricultural abundance (cf. 7:13; 28:51).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְנָתַתִּ֧יthen I will giveconj וְ + Qal weqatal 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb, apodosis of the conditional (main clause)→ Weqatal: apodosis of a conditional — a promised future consequence contingent on obedienceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; weqatal opening the apodosis, YHWH's own first-person promise answering the protasis of v.13.
מְטַֽרthe rain ofN m sg constr · מָטָר (H4306)Direct object of וְנָתַתִּימָטָר (H4306) 'rain'; construct with אַרְצְכֶם, the specific gift promised — direct fulfillment of v.11's land 'that drinks from the rain of heaven.'
אַרְצְכֶ֛םyour landN f/b sg constr + 2mp suffix · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive complement of construct מְטַראֶרֶץ (H776) 'land' with 2mp suffix; possessive framing makes the rain a gift specifically tailored to Israel's own land.
בְּעִתּ֖וֹin its seasonprep בְּ + N f/b sg constr + 3ms suffix · עֵת (H6256)Temporal prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) 'time, season'; with 3ms suffix, 'in its (the rain's) proper time' — stressing the reliability and regularity of the promised rainfall, not sporadic downpour.
יוֹרֶ֣הthe early rainN m sg abs · יוֹרֶה (H3138)Noun in apposition to מְטַר, specifying its two phasesיוֹרֶה (H3138) 'early/autumn rain', from the root ירה 'to throw, direct' (the rain that 'directs' or 'teaches' the ground to receive seed); falls October-November, softening the ground for plowing and sowing — key agricultural vocabulary of the Palestinian rain-cycle.
וּמַלְק֑וֹשׁand the later rainconj וְ + N m sg abs · מַלְקוֹשׁ (H4456)Noun in apposition to מְטַר, coordinate with יוֹרֶהמַלְקוֹשׁ (H4456) 'late/spring rain', falling March-April just before harvest, critical for grain-filling; paired with יוֹרֶה the two terms bracket the entire agricultural rainy season — their presence or absence is the chapter's central sign of blessing or curse (cf. v.17; Jer 5:24; Joel 2:23).
וְאָסַפְתָּ֣and you shall gather inconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb, continuing the apodosis (main clause)→ Weqatal: continuing the promised future consequence — the resulting harvestאָסַף (H622) 'to gather, gather in'; weqatal continuing the apodosis chain, the harvest ingathering that follows the two rains.
דְגָנֶ֔ךָyour grainN m sg constr + 2ms suffix · דָּגָן (H1715)Direct object of וְאָסַפְתָּדָּגָן (H1715) 'grain, corn'; first of the classic harvest triad grain-wine-oil (cf. 7:13; 12:17), representing the staple cereal crop.
וְתִֽירֹשְׁךָ֖and your wineconj וְ + N m sg constr + 2ms suffix · תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492)Direct object of וְאָסַפְתָּ, coordinate with דְגָנֶךָתִּירוֹשׁ (H8492) 'new wine, must'; second member of the harvest triad, the product of the vine.
וְיִצְהָרֶֽךָand your oilconj וְ + N m sg constr + 2ms suffix · יִצְהָר (H3323)Direct object of וְאָסַפְתָּ, coordinate with the preceding pairיִצְהָר (H3323) 'fresh (olive) oil'; completes the triad grain-wine-oil, Israel's three principal agricultural products, all contingent here on the rains YHWH gives.
15

וְנָתַתִּ֛י עֵ֥שֶׂב בְּשָׂדְךָ֖ לִבְהֶמְתֶּ֑ךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָֽעְתָּ

And I will give grass in your field for your cattle, and you shall eat and be satisfied.

Continuing apodosis (blessing) -- the resulting sufficiency for both livestock and peopleו
The blessing widens from the harvest triad (v.14) to pasturage for livestock and finally to human satiety, forming a complete provision for the whole household economy -- grain, wine, oil, fodder, and food to fullness.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְנָתַתִּ֛יand I will giveconj וְ + Qal weqatal 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb, continuing the apodosis (main clause)→ Weqatal: continuing the promised future blessingנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; repeats v.14's opening verb, extending YHWH's provision to pasturage.
עֵ֥שֶׂבgrassN m sg abs · עֵשֶׂב (H6212)Direct object of וְנָתַתִּיעֵשֶׂב (H6212) 'herb, grass, vegetation'; here fodder/pasturage, distinct from the cultivated grain of v.14.
בְּשָׂדְךָ֖in your fieldprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 2ms suffix · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Locative prepositional phraseשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field, open country'; the pastureland where the grass grows.
לִבְהֶמְתֶּ֑ךָfor your cattleprep לְ + N f sg constr + 2ms suffix · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Dative of advantage (beneficiary) prepositional phraseבְּהֵמָה (H929) 'beast, cattle, livestock'; the beneficiary of the pasture-grass — the blessing extends to Israel's animals as well as crops.
וְאָכַלְתָּ֖and you shall eatconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb, continuing the apodosis→ Weqatal: continuing the promised consequence — resulting nourishmentאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the culminating human enjoyment of the harvest blessing chain begun in v.14.
וְשָׂבָֽעְתָּand be satisfiedconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb, concluding the apodosis→ Weqatal: concluding result — satiety as the culmination of the blessing sequenceשָׂבַע (H7646) 'to be satisfied, full'; pairs with אָכַל in the fixed Deuteronomic formula 'eat and be satisfied' (cf. 6:11; 8:10, 12), the blessing's contented endpoint — soon to be reversed in the warning that follows.
16

הִשָּֽׁמְר֣וּ לָכֶ֔ם פֶּ֥ן יִפְתֶּ֖ה לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וְסַרְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶֽם

Watch yourselves, lest your heart be deceived and you turn aside and serve other gods and bow down to them,

Pivot to admonition/warning -- the turn from blessing (vv.13-15) to curse (v.17)asyndeton
The emphatic reflexive imperative 'watch yourselves' marks the chapter's rhetorical pivot from blessing to warning. The verbs trace apostasy as a process -- a deceived heart leads to turning aside, then to serving, then to bowing before other gods -- mirroring in reverse the love-and-serve sequence of v.13.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הִשָּֽׁמְר֣וּwatch yourselvesNiphal impv 2mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: imperative — an urgent reflexive command to guard oneselfשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, guard, watch'; Niphal here reflexive/tolerative, 'guard yourselves, be on your guard' — the same root as v.8's וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם but now warning rather than commanding positive observance.
לָכֶ֔םfor yourselvesprep לְ + 2mp suffixDative of interest (reflexive), reinforcing the Niphal imperativeReflexive dative 'to/for yourselves', reinforcing the self-directed force of the Niphal imperative — a common Hebrew idiom of urgent self-caution (cf. Exod 34:12).
פֶּ֥ןlestnegative purpose particle · פֶּן (H6435)Negative purpose/result clause markerפֶּן (H6435) 'lest, so that not'; introduces the feared consequence the imperative guards against.
יִפְתֶּ֖הbe deceivedQal impf 3ms · פָּתָה (H6601)Predicate verb of the פֶּן-clause→ Yiqtol: modal/potential — the feared possibility being warned againstפָּתָה (H6601) 'to be simple, be deceived, be enticed'; Qal here of the heart being seduced away from loyalty — the root also underlies 'simple/naive' (פֶּתִי), suggesting a heart lulled by prosperity (vv.14-15) into complacent apostasy.
לְבַבְכֶ֑םyour heartN m sg constr + 2mp suffix · לֵבָב (H3824)Subject of יִפְתֶּהלֵבָב (H3824) 'heart, mind'; subject of the deception-verb, echoing v.13's לְבַבְכֶם (loving God 'with all your heart') — now the very organ of covenant loyalty is at risk.
וְסַרְתֶּ֗םand you turn asideconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb, continuing the feared-consequence chain→ Weqatal: continuing the sequence of apostasy as consequence within the פֶּן-clauseסוּר (H5493) 'to turn aside, depart'; the first step of the apostasy-sequence — deviation from the commanded way.
וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙and serveconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2mp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb, continuing the apostasy chain→ Weqatal: continuing the sequence — service transferred to false godsעָבַד (H5647) 'to serve, worship'; same root as v.13's covenant service, now perversely redirected toward אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים.
אֱלֹהִ֣יםgodsN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Direct object of וַעֲבַדְתֶּםאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'gods'; here plural referring to pagan deities, not Israel's God — the object of the forbidden service.
אֲחֵרִ֔יםotheradjective m pl abs · אַחֵר (H312)Attributive adjective modifying אֱלֹהִיםאַחֵר (H312) 'other, another'; the standard Deuteronomic phrase אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים, 'other gods', the perennial idiom for apostasy/idolatry throughout the book.
וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖םand bow downHishtaphel weqatal 2mp · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb, concluding the apostasy chain→ Weqatal: concluding the sequence — physical prostration as the final act of apostate worshipשָׁחָה (H7812) 'to bow down, prostrate oneself'; a distinctive reflexive-stem verb (traditionally 'Hishtaphel') denoting the physical gesture of worship — the culminating act completing the apostasy begun with a deceived heart.
לָהֶֽםto themprep לְ + 3mp suffixPrepositional complement of וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶםPreposition with 3mp suffix, 'to them', referring to the other gods — the object of the forbidden prostration.
17

וְחָרָ֨ה אַף יְהוָ֜ה בָּכֶ֗ם וְעָצַ֤ר אֶת הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְלֹֽא יִהְיֶ֣ה מָטָ֔ר וְהָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן אֶת יְבוּלָ֑הּ וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֗ה מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם

then the anger of YHWH will burn against you, and he will shut up the heavens so that there is no rain, and the ground will not yield its produce, and you will perish quickly from the good land that YHWH is giving you.

Continuing/climactic apodosis of the implied conditional in v.16's warning -- the curse mirroring vv.14-15's blessingו
Verse 17 answers v.16's apostasy with the mirror-image curse of vv.14-15's blessing: shut heavens instead of timely rain, no yield instead of a full harvest, and swift death from the good land instead of long life upon it (v.9). The chain of weqatal verbs presents the curse as an inevitable causal sequence, closing movement E (vv.13-17) on the same note of urgency ('quickly') that opened this covenant conditional.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וְחָרָ֨הand burnconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb, apodosis of the implied conditional (main clause)→ Weqatal: apodosis/consequence — the kindling of divine anger as the direct result of apostasyחָרָה (H2734) 'to burn, be kindled (of anger)'; the standard idiom for divine wrath, אַף יְהוָה 'YHWH's anger' as subject.
אַףthe anger ofN m sg constr · אַף (H639)Subject of וְחָרָהאַף (H639) 'nose, nostril', idiomatically 'anger' (from the flaring nostrils of rage); construct with יְהוָה, the fixed idiom חָרָה אַף, 'anger burned.'
יְהוָ֜הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive complement of construct אַףיְהוָה (H3068); genitive of אַף, 'the anger of YHWH.'
בָּכֶ֗םagainst youprep בְּ + 2mp suffixPrepositional complement of וְחָרָה (object of anger)Preposition בְּ with 2mp suffix, marking the target of the kindled anger, 'against you.'
וְעָצַ֤רand he will shut upconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · עָצַר (H6113)Predicate verb, continuing the apodosis→ Weqatal: continuing the consequence chain — the direct effect of the kindled angerעָצַר (H6113) 'to restrain, shut up, withhold'; here of YHWH sealing off the heavens' rain — the precise reversal of v.11's land that 'drinks from the rain of heaven' and v.14's promised timely rains.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marking הַשָּׁמַיִם as the object of וְעָצַר.
הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙the heavensart + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Direct object of וְעָצַרשָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens'; the very source of the land's life (v.11) now shut, echoing the famous drought curse of 1 Kings 8:35; 17:1.
וְלֹֽאand there will not (be)conj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following verb יִהְיֶהלֹא (H3808), negating the existence of rain — the direct outcome of the shut heavens.
יִהְיֶ֣הthere will beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (existential, main clause)→ Yiqtol: future/result — the absence of rain as a resulting stateהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, happen'; here existential, 'there will be (no) rain' — completing the negated clause.
מָטָ֔רrainN m sg abs · מָטָר (H4306)Subject of יִהְיֶהמָטָר (H4306) 'rain'; subject of the negated existential clause, the withheld blessing of v.14 now denied.
וְהָ֣אֲדָמָ֔הand the groundconj וְ + art + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Subject of תִתֵּן (fronted for emphasis before negation)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground, soil'; same term as v.9, now fronted as the subject that will fail to produce — the direct reversal of the land's promised fertility.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates predicate verb תִתֵּןלֹא (H3808); negates the ground's yielding.
תִתֵּ֖ןwill giveQal impf 3fs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: future — the ground's failure to yield, direct consequence of the shut heavensנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; here of the soil's produce, the same verb YHWH used to promise the land (v.9) and its rain (v.14), now negated of the ground itself — a bitter irony.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marking יְבוּלָהּ as the object of תִתֵּן.
יְבוּלָ֑הּits produceN m sg constr + 3fs suffix · יְבוּל (H2981)Direct object of תִתֵּןיְבוּל (H2981) 'produce, yield, increase' (from יבל 'to bring, carry'); the crop the ground fails to bring forth without rain.
וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣םand you will perishconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2mp · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb, concluding the curse sequence (main clause)→ Weqatal: concluding consequence — the ultimate outcome of the curse chain, perishing from the landאָבַד (H6) 'to perish, be destroyed'; the terminal verb of the curse, directly reversing v.9's promise to 'prolong your days' — instead of long life on the land, swift death and exile from it.
מְהֵרָ֗הquicklyadverb (N f sg abs, adverbial) · מְהֵרָה (H4120)Adverbial modifier of וַאֲבַדְתֶּםמְהֵרָה (H4120) 'speed, haste', used adverbially 'quickly, swiftly'; underscores the abruptness of the reversal from the earlier picture of secure, long-term abundance.
מֵעַל֙from offprep מִן + prep עַל · מֵעַל (H5921)Locative/separative prepositional phrase (source of removal)מֵעַל (H5921 with מִן), 'from upon, away from'; marks separation from the land — expulsion, not just death within it.
הָאָ֣רֶץthe landart + N f/b sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of preposition מֵעַלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the same land promised in vv.9-12, from which the disobedient will be cut off.
הַטֹּבָ֔הthe goodart + adjective f sg abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjective modifying הָאָרֶץטוֹב (H2896) 'good'; the recurring Deuteronomic epithet 'the good land' (cf. 1:25, 35; 3:25; 8:7, 10), underscoring the tragedy of forfeiting so generous a gift.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying הָאָרֶץאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative, 'that YHWH is giving you.'
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נֹתֵןיְהוָה (H3068); subject of the participle, the divine giver whose gift is forfeited by apostasy.
נֹתֵ֥ןis givingQal ptc m sg abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle (present/durative, relative clause)→ Participle: present/durative — the land-gift as an ongoing, currently-in-force reality now at riskנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; participle stressing the gift's present, ongoing validity — 'is giving', not merely 'gave' — heightening the tragedy of losing what is presently being granted.
לָכֶֽםto youprep לְ + 2mp suffixIndirect object of נֹתֵןPreposition with 2mp suffix, 'to you', the recipient of YHWH's ongoing gift of the land.
18

וְשַׂמְתֶּם֙ אֶת דְּבָרַ֣י אֵ֔לֶּה עַל לְבַבְכֶ֖ם וְעַֽל נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וּקְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֤ם לְאוֹת֙ עַל יֶדְכֶ֔ם וְהָי֥וּ לְטוֹטָפֹ֖ת בֵּ֥ין עֵינֵיכֶֽם

And you shall place these my words on your heart and on your soul, and you shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes.

Continuation of the covenant-word instructions, resuming the sequence of weqatal commands after the conditional block of vv.13-17וְ
This verse reproduces Deut 6:6-8 nearly verbatim (placing the words on the heart, binding as a sign on the hand, frontlets between the eyes), transplanting the Shema's ritual instructions into chapter 11's exhortation; the addition of וְעַל נַפְשְׁכֶם ('and on your soul') beyond 6:6's single 'עַל לְבָבֶךָ' intensifies the totality of internalization.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְשַׂמְתֶּם֙and you shall placeQal weqatal 2mp · שָׂם (H7760)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal continuing the command sequence)→ Weqatal: volitive-consecutive, continuing the imperative chain begun in v.13's conditional and now resuming direct commandשִׂים/שָׂם (H7760) 'to put, place, set'; governs דְּבָרַי as object, paralleling 6:6's וְהָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה... עַל לְבָבֶךָ but recast with שׂים instead of היה.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking דְּבָרַי as definite direct object; untranslated in English.
דְּבָרַ֣יmy wordsN m pl constr + 1cs · דָּבָר (H1697)Direct object of וְשַׂמְתֶּםדָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing, matter'; here the covenant stipulations just given, referred to as 'my words' (Moses speaking for YHWH).
אֵ֔לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron. cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Attributive demonstrative modifying דְּבָרַיאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these', plural demonstrative pointing back to the commandments just enumerated (vv.13-17) and forward to the ritual of vv.18-20.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (first of the pair heart/soul)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; governs לְבַבְכֶם, the first of two seats of internalization named in this verse.
לְבַבְכֶ֖םyour heartN m sg constr + 2mp · לֵבָב (H3824)Object of preposition עַללֵבָב (H3824) 'heart, mind, inner self'; the seat of thought and will in Hebrew anthropology, matching Deut 6:6's עַל לְבָבֶךָ.
וְעַֽלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Coordinated locative prepositional phrase (second of the pair)וְ + עַל; this second phrase (וְעַל נַפְשְׁכֶם) has no counterpart in Deut 6:6, intensifying the demand for whole-self internalization beyond the Shema's single 'heart' phrase.
נַפְשְׁכֶ֑םyour soulN c sg constr + 2mp · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Object of preposition וְעַלנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life, self, appetite'; here paired with לֵבָב to demand engagement of intellect and vitality together — the whole inner person.
וּקְשַׁרְתֶּ֨םand you shall bindQal weqatal 2mp · קָשַׁר (H7194)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal continuing the sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing volitive sequence — the second ritual command after 'placing'קָשַׁר (H7194) 'to bind, tie'; source of the later technical term תְּפִלִּין / tefillin tradition, though here the referent (concrete strap vs. mnemonic device) is debated among interpreters.
אֹתָ֤םthem [obj]obj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וּקְשַׁרְתֶּם (resuming דְּבָרַי)אֵת + 3mp suffix, referring back to 'these my words' as the object bound as a sign.
לְאוֹת֙as a signprep לְ + N c sg abs · אוֹת (H226)Predicate accusative / adverbial complement of resultאוֹת (H226) 'sign, token'; matches Deut 6:8's לְאוֹת עַל יָדֶךָ exactly — a visible token of covenant loyalty worn on the body.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; governs יֶדְכֶם, matching Deut 6:8's phrasing exactly (עַל יָדֶךָ).
יֶדְכֶ֔םyour handN c sg constr + 2mp · יָד (H3027)Object of preposition עַליָד (H3027) 'hand'; the locus of the bound sign, later formalized in Jewish practice as the hand-tefillin (shel yad).
וְהָי֥וּand they shall beQal weqatal 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal), subject the words/tokens→ Weqatal: continuing sequence — the result state of the bindingהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; introduces the frontlets as the ongoing outcome of the binding, paralleling Deut 6:8's וְהָיוּ לְטֹטָפֹת.
לְטוֹטָפֹ֖תas frontletsprep לְ + N f pl abs · טוֹטָפֹת (H2903)Predicate complement (as-clause)טוֹטָפֹת (H2903), a rare word of disputed etymology (perhaps 'bands' or 'circlets'); occurs only here, 6:8, and Exod 13:16 — the basis for the later phylactery/tefillin tradition.
בֵּ֥יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Locative prepositional phraseבֵּין (H996) 'between'; governs עֵינֵיכֶם, matching Deut 6:8's בֵּין עֵינֶיךָ — the forehead as the visible seat of the sign.
עֵינֵיכֶֽםyour eyesN c dual constr + 2mp · עַיִן (H5869)Object of preposition בֵּיןעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; dual form 'your two eyes' — the frontlets sit between them, on the forehead.
19

וְלִמַּדְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֛ם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם לְדַבֵּ֣ר בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֨ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשָׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ

And you shall teach them to your children, speaking of them when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you rise up.

Continuation of the ritual-pedagogical sequence begun in v.18, corresponding to Deut 6:7וְ
Verbatim parallel to Deut 6:7's catalogue of teaching occasions — sitting, walking, lying down, rising — a merism of postures covering the whole of daily life, making instruction in the words continuous rather than occasional.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְלִמַּדְתֶּ֥םand you shall teachPiel weqatal 2mp · לִמַּד (H3925)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal continuing the sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing volitive sequence — the third command, corresponding to Deut 6:7's וְשִׁנַּנְתָּםלָמַד/לִמַּד (H3925) Piel 'to teach'; Deuteronomy's characteristic verb for transmitting torah to the next generation, here replacing 6:7's שִׁנַּנְתָּם ('repeat/impress') with the more general 'teach'.
אֹתָ֛םthem [obj]obj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְלִמַּדְתֶּם (the words of v.18)אֵת + 3mp suffix, referring back to 'these my words'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (double accusative with אֹתָם)אֵת marks בְּנֵיכֶם as the second, indirect object of teaching ('teach them [i.e. the words] to your sons').
בְּנֵיכֶ֖םyour childrenN m pl constr + 2mp · בֵּן (H1121)Second object of וְלִמַּדְתֶּם (recipient of the teaching)בֵּן (H1121) 'son, child'; the addressee's offspring, the next generation who did not witness the exodus (cf. v.2).
לְדַבֵּ֣רspeakingprep לְ + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Purpose/epexegetical infinitive explaining the manner of teaching→ Infinitive construct: purpose/means — the ongoing verbal activity by which teaching happensדִּבֶּר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; the infinitive with לְ specifies HOW the teaching in v.19a is to be carried out — through constant conversation.
בָּ֑םof themprep בְּ + 3mp suffixObject of preposition בְּ, complement of לְדַבֵּרבְּ 'in/of/about' + 3mp suffix, referring to 'the words' — 'speaking of/about them'.
בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤when you sitprep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 2ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Temporal adverbial clause (first of four occasions)→ Infinitive construct: temporal — 'in your sitting', a durative habitual occasionיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell'; first of the four postures/occasions (sit/walk/lie/rise) that together form a merism for 'at all times', matching Deut 6:7 exactly.
בְּבֵיתֶ֨ךָ֙in your houseprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 2ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Locative complement of בְּשִׁבְתְּךָבַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; the domestic setting of the first occasion, paired with 'the road' (public setting) in the next clause.
וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣and when you walkconj וְ + prep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Temporal adverbial clause (second occasion)→ Infinitive construct: temporal — 'in your walking', durative habitualהָלַךְ (H3212/H1980) 'to walk, go'; second occasion, the public/travel setting complementing 'sitting in the house'.
בַדֶּ֔רֶךְon the roadprep בְּ + art + N c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Locative complement of וּבְלֶכְתְּךָדֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'road, way'; the outdoor/travel counterpart to 'the house', completing the indoor/outdoor pairing.
וּֽבְשָׁכְבְּךָ֖and when you lie downconj וְ + prep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 2ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Temporal adverbial clause (third occasion)→ Infinitive construct: temporal — 'in your lying down'שָׁכַב (H7901) 'to lie down'; third of the four postures, pairing with 'rising' as the sleep/wake merism closing the daily cycle.
וּבְקוּמֶֽךָand when you rise upconj וְ + prep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 2ms · קוּם (H6965)Temporal adverbial clause (fourth occasion, closing the merism)→ Infinitive construct: temporal — 'in your rising'קוּם (H6965) 'to rise, stand up'; completes the sit/walk/lie/rise merism — every waking and resting posture is an occasion for the words.
20

וּכְתַבְתָּ֛ם עַל מְזוּז֥וֹת בֵּיתֶ֖ךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ

And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.

Continuation, corresponding to Deut 6:9, completing the vv.18-20 ritual sequenceוְ
Reproduces Deut 6:9 exactly (doorposts and gates), completing the domestic inscription begun in v.18; body (v.18), speech (v.19), and household architecture (v.20) together saturate the Israelite's whole environment with the covenant words — the origin of the later mezuzah practice.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וּכְתַבְתָּ֛םand you shall write themQal weqatal 2ms + 3mp suffix · כָּתַב (H3789)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal), object suffix resuming 'the words'→ Weqatal: continuing volitive sequence — the fourth and final ritual commandכָּתַב (H3789) 'to write'; matches Deut 6:9's וּכְתַבְתָּם exactly — the words are to be permanently inscribed, not just spoken or bound.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; governs מְזוּזוֹת בֵּיתֶךָ, matching Deut 6:9's phrasing.
מְזוּז֥וֹתthe doorposts ofN f pl constr · מְזוּזָה (H4201)Object of preposition עַל (construct chain head)מְזוּזָה (H4201) 'doorpost'; the term that gives its name to the later mezuzah scroll-case affixed to Jewish doorframes, rooted directly in this command.
בֵּיתֶ֖ךָyour houseN m sg constr + 2ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Genitive complement completing the construct chain מְזוּזוֹת בֵּיתֶךָבַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; picking up the domestic setting named already in v.19's בְּבֵיתֶךָ.
וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָand on your gatesconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m pl constr + 2ms · שַׁעַר (H8179)Coordinated locative complement (public/communal counterpart to the private doorpost)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'gate'; extends the inscription from the private house-entrance to the town/city gate — the public sphere of legal and communal life, matching 6:9's parallel.
21

לְמַ֨עַן יִרְבּ֤וּ יְמֵיכֶם֙ וִימֵ֣י בְנֵיכֶ֔ם עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם כִּימֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם עַל הָאָֽרֶץ

so that your days and the days of your children may multiply on the land that YHWH swore to your fathers to give to them, as the days of the heavens above the earth.

Purpose/result clause governing the entire ritual-pedagogical chain of vv.18-20לְמַעַן
לְמַעַן introduces the purpose of the whole program in vv.18-20: multiplied days for Israel and its children on the promised land. The closing simile כִּימֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם עַל הָאָרֶץ ('as the days of the heavens above the earth') is a strikingly cosmic image of permanence, elevating the land-tenure promise to the scale of the created order itself — one of the boldest similes for endurance in the Pentateuch.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
לְמַ֨עַןso thatprep/conj · לְמַעַן (H4616)Purpose clause marker heading v.21, governing the whole of vv.18-20לְמַעַן (H4616) 'for the sake of, so that'; introduces final purpose/result — the multiplied-days promise is the goal of the ritual-pedagogical program just given.
יִרְבּ֤וּmay multiplyQal impf 3mp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb of the purpose clause; subject is the compound יְמֵיכֶם וִימֵי בְנֵיכֶם→ Yiqtol: modal/purposive — the intended/hoped-for result of obedienceרָבָה (H7235) 'to be/become many, multiply'; here of days rather than population, echoing the longevity formula of v.9 and Deut 4:40, 5:16.
יְמֵיכֶם֙your daysN m pl constr + 2mp · יוֹם (H3117)Subject of יִרְבּוּ (first of compound subject)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural construct 'your days' = lifespan, the object of the multiplication promise.
וִימֵ֣יand the days ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Coordinated subject (second of compound subject)יוֹם (H3117); construct chain continuing to בְנֵיכֶם — the promise spans both the present generation and its children.
בְנֵיכֶ֔םyour childrenN m pl constr + 2mp · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complement of וִימֵיבֵּן (H1121) 'son, child'; the same 'children' addressed in v.19 as objects of teaching now also share in the days-multiplied promise.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; governs הָאֲדָמָה, the land where the multiplied days will be lived out.
הָֽאֲדָמָ֔הthe landart + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Object of preposition עַלאֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground, land, soil'; the promised land as arable ground, picking up the theme of vv.10-12.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative pron. · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker introducing the qualifying clause on הָאֲדָמָהאֲשֶׁר (H834), relativizer introducing the oath-clause identifying the land as the one sworn to the fathers.
נִשְׁבַּ֧עsworeNiphal perf 3ms · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, decisive past act underlying the present promiseשָׁבַע (H7650) Niphal (reflexive-passive in form, active in sense) 'to swear'; the patriarchal oath (Gen 15, 22, 26, 28) as the legal basis of the land-grant, invoked repeatedly through Deuteronomy.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נִשְׁבַּעיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; subject of the oath to the fathers.
לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖םto your fathersprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp · אָב (H1)Indirect object of נִשְׁבַּעאָב (H1) 'father'; the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, recipients of the original land-oath.
לָתֵ֣תto giveprep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Epexegetical infinitive explaining the content of the oath→ Infinitive construct: purpose/content — specifying what was swornנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the content of the oath — the gift of the land to the fathers' descendants.
לָהֶ֑םto themprep לְ + 3mp suffixIndirect object of לָתֵתלְ + 3mp suffix, referring to 'the fathers' as recipients of the gift of the land.
כִּימֵ֥יas the days ofprep כְּ + N m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial phrase of comparison (simile of duration)כְּ + יוֹם construct; opens the cosmic simile כִּימֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם עַל הָאָרֶץ, one of the most striking images of permanence in the Pentateuch.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensart + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Genitive complement of כִּימֵישָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens, sky'; the standard of comparison for the promise's permanence — as enduring as the sky over the earth.
עַלaboveprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase completing the simileעַל (H5921) 'above, over'; positions the heavens over the earth as the very image of unbroken duration.
הָאָֽרֶץthe earthart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of preposition עַלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'earth, land'; closes the cosmic simile — the sky-over-earth relationship as the permanent, unshakeable model for Israel's tenure of its own land.
22

כִּי֩ אִם שָׁמֹ֨ר תִּשְׁמְר֜וּן אֶת כָּל הַמִּצְוָ֣ה הַזֹּ֗את אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם לַעֲשֹׂתָ֑הּ לְאַהֲבָ֞ה אֶת יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם לָלֶ֥כֶת בְּכָל דְּרָכָ֖יו וּלְדָבְקָה בֽוֹ

For if you diligently keep all this commandment that I command you to do it — to love YHWH your God, to walk in all his ways, and to cling to him —

Conditional protasis opening the chapter's second great conditional (paralleling v.13's אִם)כִּי אִם
כִּי אִם שָׁמֹר תִּשְׁמְרוּן, reinforced by the infinitive absolute שָׁמֹר, opens a second major conditional (cf. v.13); the fourfold verbal chain — keep, love, walk, cling (וּלְדָבְקָה) — defines whole-hearted covenant loyalty as the condition triggering the conquest promise of vv.23-25.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
כִּי֩forconj · כִּי (H3588)Conjunction introducing the conditional clause, paired with אִםכִּי (H3588); here in the idiom כִּי אִם ('but if / for if'), together forming an emphatic conditional opener paralleling וְהָיָה אִם of v.13.
אִםifconj · אִם (H518)Conditional protasis markerאִם (H518) 'if'; introduces the condition whose apodosis (YHWH's dispossession of the nations) follows in v.23.
שָׁמֹ֨רdiligentlyQal inf abs · שָׁמוֹר (H8104)Infinitive absolute intensifying the following finite verb תִּשְׁמְרוּן→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic reinforcement — 'keeping you shall keep', i.e. keep with full diligenceשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, guard, observe'; the infinitive absolute + finite verb construction is a classic Hebrew emphatic idiom stressing wholehearted, careful obedience.
תִּשְׁמְר֜וּןyou keepQal impf 2mp (paragogic nun) · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb of the conditional protasis→ Yiqtol: conditional/modal, intensified by the preceding infinitive absolute — full, careful obedienceשָׁמַר (H8104); the paragogic nun (תִּשְׁמְרוּן rather than plain תִּשְׁמְרוּ) adds solemn emphasis fitting for the covenant condition.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת marks כָּל הַמִּצְוָה הַזֹּאת as the definite direct object of תִּשְׁמְרוּן.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the direct object phraseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every, whole'; governs הַמִּצְוָה, stressing total, undivided obedience to the whole commandment.
הַמִּצְוָ֣הthe commandmentart + N f sg abs · מִצְוָה (H4687)Genitive complement of כָּל, head of the direct-object phraseמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment'; singular collective referring to the whole body of law just delivered (cf. v.8's אֶת כָּל הַמִּצְוָה).
הַזֹּ֗אתthisdemonstrative pron. fs · זֹאת (H2063)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַמִּצְוָהזֹאת (H2063) 'this' (fem.), agreeing with feminine מִצְוָה; points to the specific commandment(s) just delivered in this discourse.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrelative pron. · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker introducing the qualifying clause on הַמִּצְוָה הַזֹּאתאֲשֶׁר (H834); introduces Moses' own attestation, 'that I command you', echoing the recurring אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם formula of the book.
אָנֹכִ֛יIindependent pron. 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of מְצַוֶּה (emphatic, resumptive of Moses as speaker)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'; emphatic independent pronoun, stressing Moses' (and behind him, YHWH's) personal authority as commander.
מְצַוֶּ֥הam commandingPiel ptc m sg abs · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (participle, main clause of relative)→ Participle: durative present — the ongoing, immediate act of commandingצִוָּה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; participial form frames Moses' instruction as a present, living charge, not a past decree.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyou [obj]obj marker + 2mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of מְצַוֶּהאֵת + 2mp suffix, 'you' as the recipients of the command.
לַעֲשֹׂתָ֑הּto do itprep לְ + Qal inf constr + 3fs suffix · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive completing the command (referring back to הַמִּצְוָה)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — the intended outcome of the command, to perform itעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make, perform'; the 3fs suffix refers back to the feminine מִצְוָה — 'command you to do it'.
לְאַהֲבָ֞הto loveprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָהַב (H157)Epexegetical infinitive specifying the content of 'keeping the commandment' (first of three)→ Infinitive construct: epexegetical — unpacks what keeping the commandment concretely meansאָהַב (H157) 'to love'; first of the three infinitives (love/walk/cling) that define covenant loyalty, echoing the chapter's opening imperative in v.1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת marks יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם as the definite direct object of לְאַהֲבָה.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Direct object of לְאַהֲבָהיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; object of love, matching the demand of v.1 and Deut 6:5.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה, completing the direct objectאֱלֹהִים (H430); in apposition to the divine name, reaffirming the covenant relationship — 'YHWH your God'.
לָלֶ֥כֶתto walkprep לְ + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H1980/H3212)Epexegetical infinitive, second of the three defining covenant loyalty→ Infinitive construct: epexegetical — walking in his ways as the practical expression of loveהָלַךְ (H1980, lexical form of יָלַךְ/הָלַךְ) 'to walk, go'; second infinitive — imitatio Dei, patterning one's conduct after God's own 'ways'.
בְּכָלin all ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative/adverbial complement of לָלֶכֶתכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; governs דְּרָכָיו, stressing complete, comprehensive imitation of God's ways.
דְּרָכָ֖יוhis waysN c pl constr + 3ms · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Genitive complement of בְּכָלדֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'way, path'; figuratively God's characteristic conduct/attributes, which Israel is to emulate.
וּלְדָבְקָהand to clingconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr · דָּבַק (H1692)Epexegetical infinitive, third and climactic member of the triad→ Infinitive construct: epexegetical — cling in loyal, exclusive attachmentדָּבַק (H1692) 'to cling, cleave, stick to'; the same verb used of marital union (Gen 2:24) — an image of intimate, exclusive covenant attachment to YHWH.
בֽוֹto himprep בְּ + 3ms suffixObject of preposition בְּ, complement of וּלְדָבְקָהבְּ + 3ms suffix, referring to YHWH — 'cling to him', the climactic goal of the whole triad.
23

וְהוֹרִ֧ישׁ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת כָּל הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִלִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם גּוֹיִ֔ם גְּדֹלִ֥ים וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים מִכֶּֽם

then YHWH will dispossess all these nations from before you, and you will possess nations greater and mightier than you.

Apodosis of the v.22 conditionalוְ
The apodosis: YHWH's dispossession of the nations and Israel's possession of peoples 'greater and mightier than you' directly answers the fourfold obedience of v.22, echoing the confidence-building rhetoric of Deut 7:1 and 9:1.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהוֹרִ֧ישׁand he will dispossessHiphil weqatal 3ms · הוֹרִישׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal apodosis)→ Weqatal: apodosis of the conditional — the guaranteed consequence of the obedience of v.22יָרַשׁ (H3423) Hiphil 'to cause to possess, dispossess'; causative of the same root that appears as Qal 'possess' twice more in this verse — a wordplay: YHWH's dispossessing enables Israel's possessing.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וְהוֹרִישׁיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; subject of the dispossession, fulfilling the oath sworn to the fathers (v.21).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת marks כָּל הַגּוֹיִם הָאֵלֶּה as the definite direct object of וְהוֹרִישׁ.
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the direct object phraseכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; governs הַגּוֹיִם, stressing complete dispossession of every nation.
הַגּוֹיִ֥םthe nationsart + N m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Genitive complement of כָּלגּוֹי (H1471) 'nation, people'; the Canaanite peoples occupying the land, cf. the traditional lists in Deut 7:1.
הָאֵ֖לֶּהtheseart + demonstrative pron. cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַגּוֹיִםאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; points to the specific nations currently occupying the land, about to be dispossessed.
מִלִּפְנֵיכֶ֑םfrom before youprep מִן + prep לְ + N c pl constr + 2mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Adverbial phrase of source/separation with וְהוֹרִישׁמִלִּפְנֵי, compound preposition 'from before/from the face of'; the nations are removed from Israel's advancing path, echoing v.4's אַל פְּנֵיהֶם imagery of pursuit reversed.
וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣םand you will possessQal weqatal 2mp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal continuing the apodosis)→ Weqatal: continuing apodosis — the direct consequence of YHWH's dispossessingיָרַשׁ (H3423) Qal 'to possess, inherit, take possession of'; the same root as the Hiphil וְהוֹרִישׁ, now in the plain stem — Israel possesses what God has caused to be vacated.
גּוֹיִ֔םnationsN m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Direct object of וִירִשְׁתֶּםגּוֹי (H1471); now indefinite/general — nations as such, described by the following adjectives.
גְּדֹלִ֥יםgreateradj m pl abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective modifying גּוֹיִםגָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, large'; comparative in force ('greater than you'), echoing the confidence formula of Deut 4:38, 9:1.
וַעֲצֻמִ֖יםand mightierconj וְ + adj m pl abs · עָצוּם (H6099)Coordinated attributive adjective modifying גּוֹיִםעָצוּם (H6099) 'mighty, numerous, powerful'; paired with גָּדוֹל as a stock formula (cf. Deut 4:38, 7:1, 9:1) for formidable rival peoples.
מִכֶּֽםthan youprep מִן + 2mp suffix · מִן (H4480)Comparative complement of גְּדֹלִים וַעֲצֻמִיםמִן (H4480) here marking comparison, 'than'; the nations' superior size and strength only heightens the wonder of their coming defeat.
24

כָּל הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם יִהְיֶ֑ה מִן הַמִּדְבָּ֨ר וְהַלְּבָנ֜וֹן מִן הַנָּהָ֣ר נְהַר פְּרָ֗ת וְעַד֙ הַיָּ֣ם הָֽאַחֲר֔וֹן יִהְיֶ֖ה גְּבֻלְכֶֽם

Every place on which the sole of your foot treads shall be yours: from the wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the river Euphrates, even to the western sea, shall be your territory.

Continuation of the apodosis, specifying the territorial extent of the promise (asyndetic new sentence)asyndeton
This verse pushes the land promise to its widest compass in the Pentateuch: every place the sole of the foot treads, from the wilderness and Lebanon to the Euphrates and 'the western sea' (the Mediterranean) — a maximalist border description exceeding even Genesis 15:18's Euphrates-to-Nile scope by explicitly naming Lebanon.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the subject phrase כָּל הַמָּקוֹםכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; governs הַמָּקוֹם, universalizing the territorial claim to literally every place trodden.
הַמָּק֗וֹםthe placeart + N m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Genitive/head noun completing כָּל, subject of יִהְיֶהמָקוֹם (H4725) 'place'; universal in scope here — any and every location the foot reaches.
אֲשֶׁ֨רon whichrelative pron. · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker introducing the qualifying clause on הַמָּקוֹםאֲשֶׁר (H834); introduces the defining relative clause 'on which your foot's sole treads'.
תִּדְרֹ֧ךְtreadsQal impf 3fs · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb of the relative clause; subject כַּף רַגְלְכֶם (fem.)→ Yiqtol: general/habitual — whatever the foot happens to tread, at any timeדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'to tread, step, march'; the treading foot as the concrete measure of the territorial claim, an idiom of legal/military possession-taking.
כַּֽףthe sole ofN f sg constr · כַּף (H3709)Subject of תִּדְרֹךְ (construct head)כַּף (H3709) 'palm, sole'; construct with רַגְלְכֶם, forming the idiom 'sole of the foot' for the literal footprint of possession, cf. Josh 1:3.
רַגְלְכֶ֛םyour footN f sg constr + 2mp · רֶגֶל (H7272)Genitive complement of כַּףרֶגֶל (H7272) 'foot'; completes the idiom 'the sole of your foot', the literal instrument of territorial claim.
בּ֖וֹon itprep בְּ + 3ms suffixObject of preposition בְּ, resuming הַמָּקוֹםבְּ + 3ms suffix, resumptive of 'the place' within its own relative clause (Hebrew resumptive pronoun construction).
לָכֶ֣םyoursprep לְ + 2mp suffixPredicate complement of יִהְיֶה (possessive dative)לְ + 2mp suffix, marking possession — 'shall belong to you', the possessive-dative construction typical of Hebrew 'have' statements.
יִהְיֶ֑הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: future/modal — the promised state of possessionהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; introduces the possessive predicate 'shall be yours', echoed a second time at the verse's end with גְּבֻלְכֶם.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Locative prepositional phrase marking the first boundary pointמִן (H4480) 'from'; opens the list of boundary markers defining the promised territory's extent.
הַמִּדְבָּ֨רthe wildernessart + N m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Object of preposition מִן (first boundary marker)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'wilderness, desert'; likely the Negev/Sinai wilderness south of the settled land, marking the southern extreme of the territorial claim.
וְהַלְּבָנ֜וֹןand Lebanonconj וְ + art + proper N · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Coordinated object of preposition מִןלְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'; the northern mountain range, marking the northern extreme — its explicit inclusion here exceeds the usual Euphrates-based border formulas.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Locative prepositional phrase marking a second boundary pointמִן (H4480) 'from'; opens the second boundary clause, from 'the river' (the Euphrates).
הַנָּהָ֣רthe riverart + N m sg abs · נָהָר (H5104)Object of preposition מִןנָהָר (H5104) 'river'; used absolutely as 'the River' — the standard designation for the Euphrates, immediately specified by apposition in the next word.
נְהַרthe river ofN m sg constr · נָהָר (H5104)Appositional construct specifying הַנָּהָרנָהָר (H5104) construct; 'the river of Euphrates' — the construct chain removes any ambiguity about which river is meant.
פְּרָ֗תEuphratesproper N · פְּרָת (H6578)Genitive complement of נְהַרפְּרָת (H6578) 'Euphrates'; the classic far-eastern boundary marker of the maximal land grant, cf. Gen 15:18, Exod 23:31.
וְעַד֙and untoconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Terminal boundary markerעַד (H5704) 'as far as, until'; marks the western terminus of the territorial span, completing the east-west compass begun with the wilderness/Lebanon/Euphrates.
הַיָּ֣םthe seaart + N m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Object of preposition וְעַדיָם (H3220) 'sea'; here the Mediterranean, further specified by the following adjective as 'the hindmost/western' sea.
הָֽאַחֲר֔וֹןthe western/hindmostart + adj m sg abs · אַחֲרוֹן (H314)Attributive adjective modifying הַיָּםאַחֲרוֹן (H314) 'hindmost, last, western' (Hebrew orients by facing east, so 'behind' = west); the Mediterranean, marking the westernmost boundary — the widest territorial promise in the Pentateuch.
יִהְיֶ֖הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Yiqtol: future/modal — restating the promise as the verse closesהָיָה (H1961); the second occurrence of the same predicate as earlier in the verse, forming an inclusio that frames the whole territorial description.
גְּבֻלְכֶֽםyour territoryN m sg constr + 2mp · גְּבוּל (H1366)Subject of יִהְיֶה (final predicate)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory, boundary'; closes the verse with the summary term for the whole span just described — from wilderness/Lebanon to the Euphrates and western sea.
25

לֹא יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב אִ֖ישׁ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֑ם פַּחְדְּכֶ֨ם וּמֽוֹרַאֲכֶ֜ם יִתֵּ֣ן יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗ם עַל פְּנֵ֤י כָל הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּדְרְכוּ בָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם

No man shall stand before you; YHWH your God will put the dread of you and the fear of you on all the land on which you tread, just as he has spoken to you.

Concluding assurance of the apodosis (asyndetic continuation)asyndeton
Closes the conquest promise with assurance of preemptive terror (פַּחְדְּכֶם וּמוֹרַאֲכֶם, 'the dread of you and the fear of you') preceding Israel into the land, grounded in divine speech-fulfillment (כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר, 'just as he has spoken') — recalling the fear-of-Israel motif of Exodus 15 and anticipating Joshua's conquest narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the predicate verb יִתְיַצֵּב (main clause)לֹא (H3808), plain negative; negates the entire clause 'no man shall stand', a categorical assurance of victory.
יִתְיַצֵּ֥בshall standHitpael impf 3ms · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Predicate verb (main clause), negated by לֹא→ Yiqtol (negated): future — a categorical assurance ruling out any successful resistanceיָצַב (H3320) Hitpael 'to take one's stand, station oneself'; reflexive/reciprocal nuance — no one will be able to make a stand against Israel.
אִ֖ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of יִתְיַצֵּבאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; indefinite, generic — 'no man/no one' at all, an absolute assurance.
בִּפְנֵיכֶ֑םbefore youprep בְּ + N c pl constr + 2mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative complement of יִתְיַצֵּבפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; idiomatically 'before you, in your presence' — no one will be able to confront Israel directly.
פַּחְדְּכֶ֨םthe dread of youN m sg constr + 2mp · פַּחַד (H6343)First of the compound direct object of יִתֵּן (fronted for emphasis)פַּחַד (H6343) 'dread, terror'; the psychological weapon YHWH will wield on Israel's behalf, echoing the Song of the Sea's אֵימָתָה וָפַחַד (Exod 15:16).
וּמֽוֹרַאֲכֶ֜םand the fear of youconj וְ + N m sg constr + 2mp · מוֹרָא (H4172)Second of the compound direct object of יִתֵּןמוֹרָא (H4172) 'fear, terror'; a near-synonym doubling פַּחַד for rhetorical intensity — the nations' terror at Israel's approach is assured.
יִתֵּ֣ןwill putQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause); object is the fronted פַּחְדְּכֶם וּמוֹרַאֲכֶם→ Yiqtol: future — the guaranteed divine action underlying the whole promiseנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put, place'; YHWH is the one who actively instills the terror, not a mere byproduct of Israel's advance.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of יִתֵּןיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; the divine subject who personally guarantees the nations' terror.
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֗םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430); in apposition, 'YHWH your God' — the covenant formula reaffirmed at the promise's climax.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; governs פְּנֵי כָל הָאָרֶץ, extending the terror over the entire span of the land just described in v.24.
פְּנֵ֤יthe face ofN c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of preposition עַל (construct head)פָּנִים (H6440); idiomatic 'the face of the land' = the whole surface/extent of the land.
כָלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Genitive complement of פְּנֵיכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; governs הָאָרֶץ, stressing the entirety of the land just delimited in v.24.
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive complement of כָלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the promised land in its full territorial extent as just described (v.24).
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrelative pron. · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker introducing the qualifying clause on הָאָרֶץאֲשֶׁר (H834); introduces 'that you tread on it', echoing v.24's treading-foot imagery.
תִּדְרְכוּyou treadQal impf 2mp · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: general/habitual — wherever/whenever you tread, echoing v.24's תִּדְרֹךְדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'to tread'; picks up the same verb and imagery from v.24, linking the two verses' territorial and assurance themes.
בָ֔הּon itprep בְּ + 3fs suffixObject of preposition בְּ, resuming הָאָרֶץבְּ + 3fs suffix, resumptive of feminine הָאָרֶץ within its own relative clause.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רjust asprep כְּ + relative pron. · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative clause marker introducing the closing confirmation clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as, according as'; introduces the closing appeal to YHWH's prior word as the guarantee of fulfillment.
דִּבֶּ֥רhe has spokenPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb of the comparative clause; subject YHWH→ Perfective: a completed prior act of speech, the ground of certainty for the promiseדִּבֶּר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; grounds the whole promise in YHWH's own prior word — cf. the oath language of v.21 (נִשְׁבַּע) — divine speech as the guarantee of fulfillment.
לָכֶֽםto youprep לְ + 2mp suffixIndirect object of דִּבֶּרלְ + 2mp suffix, 'to you' — the recipients of YHWH's promise, closing the chapter's second major conditional (vv.22-25) on a note of certainty.
26

רְאֵ֗ה אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם בְּרָכָ֖ה וּקְלָלָֽה

See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse.

Presentational — opens the chapter's climaxasyndeton
The imperative רְאֵה ('see!') plus the participle נֹתֵן forms a vivid rhetorical presentation formula — 'behold, I am hereby setting before you' — that pivots the chapter from motive clauses (love, remember, obey) to a stark forensic image: blessing and curse laid out as two visible objects for Israel to choose between. This single verse states the thesis that vv.27-32 unpack and that Deut 27 and Deut 30 will later enact and sharpen.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
רְאֵ֗הSeeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Presentational imperative (discourse-opening marker)→ Imperative: attention-getting presentational formula ('behold/see') introducing what follows as a displayרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; here in the frozen presentational sense common in Hebrew rhetoric ('see!' = 'take note!'), pairing with the participle נֹתֵן to stage the blessing/curse as objects set visibly before the audience.
אָנֹכִ֛יIindep pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject (emphatic, resumptive after the imperative רְאֵה)אָנֹכִי (H595), the emphatic first-person pronoun; its presence (not required syntactically with the participle) stresses that it is Moses/YHWH's own voice presenting the choice.
נֹתֵ֥ןam setting/givingQal ptc ms abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle (main clause, vivid present)→ Participle: vivid present — 'I am hereby setting/giving' (rhetorical presentation formula, paired with רְאֵה)נָתַן (H5414) 'to give, set, place'; the participle expresses an act happening in the very moment of speech — Moses stages the blessing and curse as present realities, not future abstractions.
לִפְנֵיכֶ֖םbefore youprep לְ + N cbpc + Sp2mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase (spatial complement of נֹתֵן)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face(s)'; the construct לִפְנֵי ('to the face of' = 'before') stages the blessing and curse as set visibly in front of the audience, reinforcing רְאֵה.
הַיּ֑וֹםtodayart + N msg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; הַיּוֹם 'today' recurs like a refrain across this speech, insisting on the present moment's decisive weight for the choosing generation.
בְּרָכָ֖הa blessingN fsg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Direct object (first of the antithetical pair)בְּרָכָה (H1293), from בָּרַךְ 'to bless'; here the covenant blessing of prosperity, land, and long life promised throughout Deuteronomy for obedience.
וּקְלָלָֽהand a curseconj וְ + N fsg abs · קְלָלָה (H7045)Direct object (second of the antithetical pair, coordinate)קְלָלָה (H7045), from קָלַל 'to be light/slight, to curse'; the covenant curse of dispossession and disaster that vv.28 and Deut 28 spell out in full.
27

אֶֽת הַבְּרָכָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּשְׁמְע֗וּ אֶל מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם

The blessing, if you listen to the commandments of YHWH your God which I am commanding you today;

Expounds the first half of v.26's pair (asyndetic continuation)asyndeton
The accusative object 'the blessing' resumes v.26's נֹתֵן without a repeated verb, then אֲשֶׁר... unpacks the condition on which it hangs: attentive obedience (שָׁמַע, lit. 'hear/listen') to the commandments Moses is presently charging. The verse has no independent predicate of its own — it depends syntactically on v.26, mirroring how blessing itself is not free-standing but conditioned.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (accusative carried over from נֹתֵן in v.26)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi; there is no verb in this verse to govern it directly — the accusative depends on נֹתֵן of v.26, as the blessing and curse of that verse are now taken up in turn.
הַבְּרָכָ֑הthe blessingart + N fsg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Direct object (resumptive, specifying the blessing of v.26)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; now made definite and singled out from the pair announced in v.26 for its own conditional exposition.
אֲשֶׁ֣רifrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Conditional clause marker (introduces the condition for the blessing)אֲשֶׁר (H834), the all-purpose Hebrew relative/subordinator; here it carries conditional force ('if') rather than strict relative sense, governing the protasis תִּשְׁמְעוּ.
תִּשְׁמְע֗וּyou listen/obeyQal impf 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb of conditional protasis→ Imperfect: conditional/modal — the condition on which the blessing dependsשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, listen, obey'; the standing verb of covenant responsiveness in Deuteronomy — hearing that issues in doing.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the object of obedienceאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; governs the commandments as the object toward which listening/obedience is directed.
מִצְוֺת֙the commandments ofN fpl constr · מִצְוָה (H4687)Construct chain (genitival), head nounמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment', from צִוָּה 'to command'; the plural collective of YHWH's covenant stipulations, resumed from the fourfold list in v.1.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Construct chain (genitival), genitiveיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; here genitive of מִצְוֺת, marking these as specifically YHWH's own commands.
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔םyour GodN mpl constr + Sp2mp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Appositional genitive (continues the construct chain with יְהוָה)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; in apposition to יְהוָה, the standard Deuteronomic formula 'YHWH your God' binding covenant name to relational claim.
אֲשֶׁ֧רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies מִצְוֺת)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative pronoun introducing the modifying clause 'which I am commanding you today'.
אָנֹכִ֛יIindep pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of relative clause (emphatic)אָנֹכִי (H595), emphatic 'I'; stresses Moses' own present authority in charging these commandments.
מְצַוֶּ֥הam commandingPiel ptc ms abs · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate participle (relative clause, present force)→ Participle: durative present — the ongoing act of Mosaic charge, presenting the commandments as currently bindingצִוָּה (H6680) 'to command', Piel; the participle recurs throughout Deuteronomy as Moses' signature claim to speak YHWH's charge in the present moment of address.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + Sp2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of מְצַוֶּהאֵת (H853) with 2mp suffix; marks the addressees as the definite recipients of the command.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N msg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; the refrain 'today' recurs across this unit, anchoring the choice in the present moment of address.
28

וְהַקְּלָלָ֗ה אִם לֹ֤א תִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וְסַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם לָלֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵ֛י אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא יְדַעְתֶּֽם

and the curse, if you do not listen to the commandments of YHWH your God, but turn aside from the way that I am commanding you today, to go after other gods whom you have not known.

Antithesis — the curse condition, mirror of v.27וְ (and)
The exact structural counterpart to v.27: the curse is defined by the negated condition (if you do NOT listen), then intensified beyond mere non-hearing into active apostasy — turning aside from the way to go after other gods 'whom you have not known.' The unknown gods stand in pointed contrast to the God whose deeds Israel's own eyes have seen (v.7), closing the chapter's evidentiary logic.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְהַקְּלָלָ֗הand the curseconj + art + N fsg abs · קְלָלָה (H7045)Direct object (resumptive, coordinate with v.27's blessing)קְלָלָה (H7045) 'curse'; now made definite and singled out, the counterpart to הַבְּרָכָה in v.27, for its own conditional exposition.
אִםifconditional particle · אִם (H518)Conditional clause marker (protasis)אִם (H518) 'if'; introduces the negative condition mirrored against v.27's positive condition.
לֹ֤אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תִשְׁמְעוּלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle; negates the protasis, making this the mirror-negative of v.27's condition.
תִשְׁמְעוּ֙you listen/obeyQal impf 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb of conditional protasis (negated)→ Imperfect: conditional/modal — negated condition triggering the curseשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, listen, obey'; here negated, the mirror-failure of v.27's positive condition.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the object of obedienceאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; governs the commandments as the object toward which listening/obedience is (not) directed.
מִצְוֺת֙the commandments ofN fpl constr · מִצְוָה (H4687)Construct chain (genitival), head nounמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment'; the same commandments named in v.27, now the object of a failed hearing.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Construct chain (genitival), genitiveיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; genitive of מִצְוֺת, marking these as YHWH's own commands, now disregarded.
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔םyour GodN mpl constr + Sp2mp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Appositional genitive (continues the construct chain with יְהוָה)אֱלֹהִים (H430); in apposition to יְהוָה, the standard Deuteronomic covenant formula.
וְסַרְתֶּ֣םand you turn asideconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp (weqatal) · סוּר (H5493)Weqatal continuing the protasis (parallel/compounding condition)→ Weqatal: continuation of the conditional protasis — a further, compounding failureסוּר (H5493) 'to turn aside, depart'; the second failure compounding the first (not-hearing), now active apostasy from the way.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (source/separation)מִן (H4480) 'from'; marks separation from the prescribed way.
הַדֶּ֔רֶךְthe wayart + N csg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Object of preposition מִןדֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'way, road'; figurative for the prescribed conduct of covenant life, from which one 'turns aside'.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הַדֶּרֶךְ)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative pronoun introducing 'that I am commanding you today'.
אָנֹכִ֛יIindep pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of relative clause (emphatic)אָנֹכִי (H595), emphatic 'I'; parallels v.27's identical phrase, underscoring Moses' present authority.
מְצַוֶּ֥הam commandingPiel ptc ms abs · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate participle (relative clause, present force)→ Participle: durative present — the ongoing act of Mosaic chargeצִוָּה (H6680) 'to command', Piel; identical formula to v.27, reinforcing that the same commandments underlie both blessing and curse.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + Sp2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of מְצַוֶּהאֵת (H853) with 2mp suffix; marks the addressees as the definite recipients of the command.
הַיּ֑וֹםtodayart + N msg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; the refrain 'today' recurs across the unit, anchoring the choice in the present moment.
לָלֶ֗כֶתto goprep לְ + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Purpose/result infinitive (explicating the turning-aside)→ Infinitive construct: purpose/result — the destination of the apostasy just describedהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to walk, go'; here specifying WHERE the 'turning aside' leads — after other gods.
אַחֲרֵ֛יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phrase (object of לָלֶכֶת)אַחַר (H310) 'after, behind'; the idiom הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי 'to go after' means to follow/serve, here directed at rival gods.
אֱלֹהִ֥יםgodsN mpl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Object of preposition אַחֲרֵיאֱלֹהִים (H430); here plural and indefinite, 'gods' in the pejorative sense of rival deities, unlike its use for Israel's own God elsewhere in the verse.
אֲחֵרִ֖יםotheradj mpl abs · אַחֵר (H312)Attributive adjective (modifies אֱלֹהִים)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'; the standing Deuteronomic epithet for rival gods, אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים, the chief object of covenant prohibition.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative pronoun introducing 'that you have not known'.
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb יְדַעְתֶּםלֹא (H3808), negative particle; negates the verb of knowing, marking these as gods outside Israel's covenant experience.
יְדַעְתֶּֽםyou have knownQal perf 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb of relative clause (negated)→ Perfective: negated completed state — 'have not known/experienced'יָדַע (H3045) 'to know', often relational/experiential in Hebrew; negated here, these are gods with no covenant history or experiential claim on Israel.
29

וְהָיָ֗ה כִּ֤י יְבִֽיאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶל הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר אַתָּ֥ה בָא שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אֶת הַבְּרָכָה֙ עַל הַ֣ר גְּרִזִ֔ים וְאֶת הַקְּלָלָ֖ה עַל הַ֥ר עֵיבָֽל

And it shall be, when YHWH your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, that you shall set the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal.

Sequential — turns the conditional principle of vv.27-28 into a concrete future ceremonyוְ
A weqatal-opened temporal-conditional frame (וְהָיָה כִּי) moves from abstract principle to enacted geography: once YHWH brings Israel into the land, the blessing and curse of vv.26-28 are to be physically staged on two named mountains. This anticipates the ceremony of Deut 27 and its narrated fulfillment in Josh 8:30-35.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְהָיָ֗הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms (weqatal) · הָיָה (H1961)Weqatal opening a temporal-conditional frame (introduces what follows)→ Weqatal: future-sequential — 'and it shall come to pass', introducing a temporal clauseהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; the frozen formula וְהָיָה כִּי regularly opens a future temporal/conditional clause in narrative and legal texts.
כִּ֤יwhenconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Temporal clause marker (subordinating)כִּי (H3588), multivalent subordinator; here temporal ('when') within the frozen וְהָיָה כִּי formula.
יְבִֽיאֲךָ֙he brings youHiphil impf 3ms + Sp2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb of temporal clause→ Imperfect: future/modal — the anticipated future entryבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, go in'; Hiphil causative 'to bring'; the recurring verb of divinely-effected entry into the land.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of יְבִיאֲךָיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; subject of the causative bringing-in.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN mpl constr + Sp2ms · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה (subject)אֱלֹהִים (H430); in apposition to יְהוָה, the standard covenant formula.
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phrase (goal)אֶל (H413) 'to, into'; marks the land as the goal of YHWH's bringing.
הָאָ֕רֶץthe landart + N csg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of preposition אֶלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the promised land, resumed as the goal of entry throughout this unit.
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הָאָרֶץ)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative pronoun introducing 'that you are entering to possess'.
אַתָּ֥הyouindep pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject of relative clause (emphatic with participle)אַתָּה (H859), independent pronoun; supports the participle בָא, stressing the addressee's own imminent entry.
בָאare enteringQal ptc ms abs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate participle (relative clause, progressive)→ Participle: progressive present — 'you are (in the process of) entering'בּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; participle stresses the entry as already underway/imminent from the speaker's vantage.
שָׁ֖מָּהthere(ward)adverb + directional ה · שָׁם (H8033)Adverbial complement of motion (with directional he)שָׁם (H8033) 'there'; with the directional suffix, 'thither' — completes the sense of entering the land.
לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּto possess itprep לְ + Qal inf constr + Sp3fs · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Purpose infinitive (goal of entering)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — the aim of the entry, with 3fs suffix referring back to הָאָרֶץיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, take possession of, dispossess'; the standing verb for Israel's occupation of the land.
וְנָתַתָּ֤הand you shall set/giveconj וְ + Qal perf 2ms (weqatal) · נָתַן (H5414)Weqatal apodosis (main clause resuming after the temporal clause)→ Weqatal: apodosis of the temporal sequence — the commanded act once Israel is in the landנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, set, place'; echoes נֹתֵן of v.26 — what Moses now sets before Israel rhetorically, Israel will physically set on two mountains.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking הַבְּרָכָה as definite direct object.
הַבְּרָכָה֙the blessingart + N fsg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Direct objectבְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; the same blessing announced in v.26 and expounded in v.27, now to be physically located.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; locates the blessing-ceremony on the named mountain.
הַ֣רMount (of)N msg constr · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival), head nounהַר (H2022) 'mountain, hill-country'; construct before the place-name גְּרִזִים.
גְּרִזִ֔יםGerizimproper N · גְּרִזִּים (H1630)Construct chain (genitival), genitive (place-name)גְּרִזִּים (H1630), the mountain south of Shechem chosen for the blessing; in Deut 27:12 the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin stand on it, and Josh 8:30-35 narrates the ceremony's fulfillment.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)וְ joins the second object; אֵת marks הַקְּלָלָה as the definite second object.
הַקְּלָלָ֖הthe curseart + N fsg abs · קְלָלָה (H7045)Direct object (second, coordinate)קְלָלָה (H7045) 'curse'; the same curse of vv.26/28, now to be physically located on Ebal.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; locates the curse-ceremony on the named mountain, the mirror-image of the previous clause.
הַ֥רMount (of)N msg constr · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival), head nounהַר (H2022) 'mountain'; construct before the place-name עֵיבָל.
עֵיבָֽלEbalproper N · עֵיבָל (H5858)Construct chain (genitival), genitive (place-name)עֵיבָל (H5858), the mountain north of Shechem facing Gerizim, chosen for the curse; Deut 27:13 names Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali as the tribes standing on it, and its altar of unhewn stones (Deut 27:4-8) is built there per MT (though the Samaritan Pentateuch's rival text at 27:4 reads 'Gerizim').
30

הֲלֹא הֵ֜מָּה בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן אַֽחֲרֵי֙ דֶּ֚רֶךְ מְב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ בְּאֶ֨רֶץ֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּעֲרָבָ֑ה מ֚וּל הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל אֵ֖צֶל אֵלוֹנֵ֥י מֹרֶֽה

Are they not beyond the Jordan, toward the west (the way of the sunset), in the land of the Canaanites who dwell in the Arabah, opposite Gilgal, beside the oaks of Moreh?

Parenthetical geographical aside (rhetorical question)asyndeton
A rhetorical question (הֲלֹא, expecting 'yes, obviously') pins the newly named mountains to a known landmark cluster near Shechem, subordinate to the main argument of vv.29-32. The Gilgal named here (near Shechem) is a distinct site from the Jordan-Valley Gilgal of the conquest narratives in Joshua; the verse briefly grounds the ceremony's geography without resolving every topographical question.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
הֲלֹאAre ... not?interrog הֲ + neg · לֹא (H3808)Rhetorical-question marker (interrogative + negative, expecting 'yes')הֲ interrogative prefix + לֹא (H3808) 'not'; the combination forms a rhetorical question expecting an affirmative answer — 'are they not... [indeed they are]'.
הֵ֜מָּהtheyindep pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Subject (resuming Gerizim and Ebal from v.29)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'; resumes the two mountains just named as subject of this locating question.
בְּעֵ֣בֶרin the region acrossprep בְּ + N msg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Locative prepositional phrase (predicate of the rhetorical question)עֵבֶר (H5676) 'region across, side'; בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן 'across/beyond the Jordan' is a standing geographical idiom used from both sides of the river depending on the speaker's vantage.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ןthe Jordanart + proper N · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Object of construct (genitival)יַרְדֵּן (H3383), the Jordan River, Israel's central geographical marker for 'here' vs. 'there' in Deuteronomy.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙behind/towardprep · אַחַר (H310)Locative prepositional phrase (in apposition, further specifying direction)אַחַר (H310) 'after, behind'; here spatial, further specifying direction toward the sunset (west).
דֶּ֚רֶךְthe way ofN csg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (adverbial 'direction of')דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'way, direction'; דֶּרֶךְ מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, lit. 'the way of the entering of the sun', the standard idiom for 'west'.
מְב֣וֹאthe going down/entering ofN msg constr · מָבוֹא (H3996)Construct chain (genitival)מָבוֹא (H3996) 'entrance, place of entering', from בּוֹא; here of the sun's daily 'entering' (setting) — hence 'west'.
הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁthe sunart + N csg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Construct chain (genitival) — idiom for 'west'שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'sun'; completes the idiom 'the way of the sun's entering' = west, i.e. toward the Mediterranean.
בְּאֶ֨רֶץ֙in the land ofprep בְּ + N csg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prepositional phrase, constructאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; construct before הַכְּנַעֲנִי, 'the land of the Canaanite(s)', part of the locating description.
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔יthe Canaanite(s)art + gentilic N msg abs · כְּנַעֲנִי (H3669)Genitive (object of construct אֶרֶץ)כְּנַעֲנִי (H3669), gentilic 'Canaanite'; used collectively for the pre-Israelite population of the land, here specifically of the Jordan Rift/Arabah dwellers.
הַיֹּשֵׁ֖בwho dwellsart + Qal ptc ms abs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Attributive/substantival participle (modifies הַכְּנַעֲנִי)→ Participle: durative — ongoing habitation, characterizing the Canaaniteיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, inhabit'; with article, functions as a relative-like attributive ('who dwells').
בָּעֲרָבָ֑הin the Arabahprep בְּ + art + N fsg abs · עֲרָבָה (H6160)Locative prepositional phrase (complement of הַיֹּשֵׁב)עֲרָבָה (H6160) 'desert-plain, steppe'; the Jordan Rift Valley, here specifying the Canaanites' dwelling zone.
מ֚וּלoppositeprep · מוּל (H4136)Locative prepositional phraseמוּל (H4136) 'in front of, opposite'; locates the mountains relative to Gilgal.
הַגִּלְגָּ֔לGilgalart + proper N · גִּלְגָּל (H1537)Object of preposition מוּלגִּלְגָּל (H1537); this Gilgal, positioned near Shechem alongside Gerizim/Ebal and the oaks of Moreh, is a distinct site from the better-known Jordan-Valley Gilgal of Joshua's conquest camp (Josh 4-5) — a minor geographical crux noted by commentators but not textually contested here.
אֵ֖צֶלbesideprep · אֵצֶל (H681)Locative prepositional phraseאֵצֶל (H681) 'beside, near'; locates the mountains relative to the oaks of Moreh.
אֵלוֹנֵ֥יthe oaks/terebinths ofN mpl constr · אֵלוֹן (H436)Construct chain (genitival)אֵלוֹן (H436) 'oak, terebinth, large tree'; אֵלוֹנֵי מֹרֶה recalls Gen 12:6, where Abram first camped at 'the oak of Moreh' near Shechem — the same locale is now marked out for the blessing-and-curse ceremony.
מֹרֶֽהMorehproper N · מוֹרֶה (H4176)Genitive (object of construct אֵלוֹנֵי), place-nameמוֹרֶה (H4176), a proper name meaning 'teacher/instructor' or possibly 'oracle-giver'; the site's ancient association with sacred trees near Shechem (cf. Gen 12:6; Josh 24:26) situates this ceremony within Israel's founding patriarchal geography.
31

כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָבֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖הּ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם בָּֽהּ

For you are about to cross the Jordan to go in and take possession of the land that YHWH your God is giving you; and you shall possess it and dwell in it.

Ground — the imminent crossing motivates the ceremony commandכִּי (for)
A causal clause grounding vv.29-30: the Gerizim-Ebal instruction matters because the crossing is now imminent. The vivid participle of עבר ('you are crossing') presses the urgency, and the verse ends by projecting past the crossing to settled possession — the very condition under which the blessing-and-curse choice will be lived out.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּ֤יforconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction (grounds the preceding command/promise)כִּי (H3588), multivalent subordinator; here causal, explaining why the blessing/curse ceremony matters — because the crossing is imminent.
אַתֶּם֙youindep pron 2mp · אַתֶּם (H859)Subject (emphatic, resuming addressee)אַתֶּם (H859), independent pronoun; emphatic subject supporting the participle עֹבְרִים.
עֹבְרִ֣יםare crossingQal ptc mpl abs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate participle (main clause, imminent-future/progressive)→ Participle: imminent present — 'you are (about) to cross', vivid immediacy of the crossingעָבַר (H5674) 'to cross over, pass through'; the standing verb for the Jordan crossing, here in the vivid participle.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking הַיַּרְדֵּן as definite direct object of עֹבְרִים.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןthe Jordanart + proper N · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Direct objectיַרְדֵּן (H3383), the Jordan River; the literal boundary Israel is about to cross into the land.
לָבֹא֙to go in/enterprep לְ + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Purpose infinitive (first in a chain)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — first in a chain of purpose infinitivesבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; opens the purpose chain 'to go in, to possess'.
לָרֶ֣שֶׁתto possessprep לְ + Qal inf constr · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Purpose infinitive (chained with לָבֹא)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — the ultimate aim of crossing/enteringיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess'; the ultimate goal of the whole movement — crossing, entering, possessing.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking הָאָרֶץ as the definite object of לָרֶשֶׁת.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N csg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of לָרֶשֶׁתאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the promised land, object of the whole purpose chain.
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הָאָרֶץ)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative pronoun introducing 'that YHWH your God is giving you'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of relative clauseיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; subject of the ongoing gift of the land.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖םyour GodN mpl constr + Sp2mp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה (subject)אֱלֹהִים (H430); in apposition to יְהוָה, the standard covenant formula.
נֹתֵ֣ןis givingQal ptc ms abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle (relative clause, present)→ Participle: present-progressive — the ongoing gift-in-process, echoing נֹתֵן of v.26נָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the same participle as v.26's rhetorical נֹתֵן, now applied concretely to the land itself.
לָכֶ֑םto youprep לְ + Sp2mpIndirect object of נֹתֵןלְ with 2mp suffix; marks Israel as the recipient of the land-gift.
וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֥םand you shall possessconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp (weqatal) · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Weqatal continuing main-line sequence (result)→ Weqatal: sequential future — result following the crossing/enteringיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess'; picks up the earlier infinitive's goal as an accomplished future result.
אֹתָ֖הּitobj marker + Sp3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וִירִשְׁתֶּם (referring to הָאָרֶץ)אֵת (H853) with 3fs suffix, referring back to הָאָרֶץ ('the land').
וִֽישַׁבְתֶּםand you shall dwellconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp (weqatal) · יָשַׁב (H3427)Weqatal continuing main-line sequence→ Weqatal: sequential future — settled dwelling as the culminationיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell, sit, remain'; the final term in the crossing-entering-possessing-dwelling sequence, settled life in the land.
בָּֽהּin itprep בְּ + Sp3fsLocative complement of וִישַׁבְתֶּם (referring to הָאָרֶץ)בְּ with 3fs suffix, referring back to הָאָרֶץ; 'in it' = in the land.
32

וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֵ֥ת כָּל הַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְאֶת הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם

And you shall be careful to do all the statutes and the judgments that I am setting before you today.

Closing charge — summary obligation sealing the chapterוְ (and)
The chapter's final word returns to its keynote verb 'keep/observe' (v.1) and gathers all the statutes and judgments into a single closing charge. 'That I am setting before you today' echoes v.26's presentation formula, binding the whole blessing-and-curse alternative into the present moment of decision and opening directly onto the statute collection that begins in ch. 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣םand you shall keep/be carefulconj + Qal perf 2mp (weqatal) · שָׁמַר (H8104)Weqatal main-clause charge (closing exhortation)→ Weqatal: imperatival future — the closing charge, resuming the chapter's opening שָׁמַר (v.1)שָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, watch, observe'; forms an inclusio with v.1's opening imperative, framing the whole chapter as a call to keep YHWH's charge.
לַעֲשׂ֔וֹתto doprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Complementary infinitive (object of שָׁמַר, epexegetical)→ Infinitive construct: epexegetical — specifies the content of the 'keeping': doingעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; pairs with שָׁמַר in the standard Deuteronomic formula 'keep to do' — careful attention issuing in action.
אֵ֥ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking כָּל הַחֻקִּים as definite direct object.
כָּלall (of)N msg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (quantifier + noun)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, whole, every'; totalizing quantifier stressing exhaustive obedience — 'all the statutes'.
הַֽחֻקִּ֖יםthe statutesart + N mpl abs · חֹק (H2706)Direct object (genitive complement of כָּל)חֹק (H2706) 'statute, decree', from חָקַק 'to inscribe'; fixed enactments, paired with מִשְׁפָּטִים as the concrete legal content.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)וְ joins the second object; אֵת marks הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים as the definite second object.
הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑יםthe judgmentsart + N mpl abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Direct object (second, coordinate)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment, ordinance, custom', from שָׁפַט 'to judge'; case-law type stipulations, paired with חֻקִּים as the totality of covenant law.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הַחֻקִּים and הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative pronoun introducing 'that I am setting before you today'.
אָנֹכִ֛יIindep pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of relative clause (emphatic)אָנֹכִי (H595), emphatic 'I'; echoes the same phrase in vv.27-28, Moses' authoritative voice one final time.
נֹתֵ֥ןam setting/placingQal ptc ms abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle (relative clause, present), echoing v.26→ Participle: present — closing inclusio with v.26's נֹתֵן, framing the whole unitנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, set, place'; the same verb and participle form as v.26's opening, closing the ring around vv.26-32.
לִפְנֵיכֶ֖םbefore youprep לְ + N cbpc + Sp2mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face(s)'; לִפְנֵיכֶם echoes v.26 verbatim, forming the inclusio's second bracket.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N msg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; the refrain's final occurrence, closing the chapter on the same insistent present moment that has run throughout vv.26-32.