Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Samuel, Chapter 19שמואל א 19

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Samuel 19 (24 verses in the MT) opens: And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. The middle of the chapter continues: And Michal took an image, and laid in the bed, and put a pillow of goats' for his bolster, and covered with a cloth. It closes: And he stripped off his clothes also, and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they say, Saul also among the prophets?

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Samuel 19 comprises 24 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they s. And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill you: now therefore, I pray you, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret , and hide thyself: And I will go out and stand beside my. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — And Saul hearkened to the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, YHWH liveth. And Saul hearkened to the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, YHWH liveth, he shall not be slain. And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan shewed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past. And there was war again: and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — Saul also sent messengers to David's house, to watch him, and to slay hi. Saul also sent messengers to David's house, to watch him, and to slay him in the morning: and Michal David's wife told him, saying, If you save not your life to night, to morrow you shall be slain. So Michal let David down through a window: and he went, and fled, and escaped. And Michal took an image, and laid in the bed, and put a pillow of goats' for his. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — And when the messengers were come in, behold, an image in the bed, with. And when the messengers were come in, behold, an image in the bed, with a pillow of goats' for his bolster. And Saul said to Michal, Why have you deceived me so, and sent away mine enemy, that he is escaped? And Michal answered Saul, He said to me, Let me go; why should I kill you? So David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all. Movement V (vv. 21-24) — And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they prophesied. And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they prophesied also. Then went he also to Ramah, and came to a great well that in Sechu: and he asked and said, Where Samuel and David? And said, Behold, at Naioth in Ramah. And he went thither to Naioth in Ramah: and the. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר שָׁא֗וּל אֶל יוֹנָתָ֤ן בְּנוֹ֙ וְאֶל כָּל עֲבָדָ֔יו לְהָמִ֖ית אֶת דָּוִ֑ד וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן שָׁא֔וּל חָפֵ֥ץ בְּדָוִ֖ד מְאֹֽד

And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he spoke'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
שָׁא֗וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יוֹנָתָ֤ןandN · יוֹנָתָן (H3129)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָתָן (H3129) 'and'.
בְּנוֹ֙his sonN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his son'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עֲבָדָ֔יוhis servantsN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.
לְהָמִ֖יתto killprep + Hiphil inf constr · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'to kill'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙andconj וְ + N proper · יוֹנָתָן (H3129)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָתָן (H3129) 'and'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
חָפֵ֥ץhe delightedQal perf 3ms · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפֵץ (H2654) 'he delighted'.
בְּדָוִ֖דinprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'in'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
2

וַיַּגֵּ֤ד יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֔ר מְבַקֵּ֛שׁ שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּֽׁמֶר נָ֣א בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ בַסֵּ֖תֶר וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ

But Jonathan Saul's son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill you: now therefore, I pray you, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret , and hide thyself:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it was told'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיַּגֵּ֤דand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
יְהוֹנָתָן֙Jonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
לְדָוִ֣דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
מְבַקֵּ֛שׁseekingPiel ptc ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
שָׁא֥וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אָבִ֖יmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָand he diedprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 2ms · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
וְעַתָּה֙and nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
הִשָּֽׁמֶרtake careN · שָׁמַר (H8104)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַר (H8104) 'take care'.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
בַבֹּ֔קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥and you dwellconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Particle or relational elementיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and you dwell'.
בַסֵּ֖תֶרin secretprep + art + N com m sg abs · סֵתֶר (H5643)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵתֶר (H5643) 'in secret'.
וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָshe hidconj וְ + Niphal q 2ms · חָבָא (H2244)Particle or relational elementחָבָא (H2244) 'she hid'.
3

וַאֲנִ֨י אֵצֵ֜א וְעָמַדְתִּ֣י לְיַד אָבִ֗י בַּשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה שָׁ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֲדַבֵּ֥ר בְּךָ֖ אֶל אָבִ֑י וְרָאִ֥יתִי מָ֖ה וְהִגַּ֥דְתִּי לָֽךְ

And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you , and I will commune with my father of you; and what I see, that I will tell you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will go out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַאֲנִ֨יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
אֵצֵ֜אI will go outQal impf 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'I will go out'.
וְעָמַדְתִּ֣יstandingconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · עָמַד (H5975)Particle or relational elementעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
לְיַדhis handprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
אָבִ֗יmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
בַּשָּׂדֶה֙in the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'in the field'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
שָׁ֔םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
וַאֲנִ֕יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
אֲדַבֵּ֥רI speakPiel impf 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'I speak'.
בְּךָ֖among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אָבִ֑יmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
וְרָאִ֥יתִיand I will seeconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Particle or relational elementרָאָה (H7200) 'and I will see'.
מָ֖הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
וְהִגַּ֥דְתִּיand I will tellconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · נָגַד (H5046)Particle or relational elementנָגַד (H5046) 'and I will tell'.
לָֽךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
4

וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן בְּדָוִד֙ ט֔וֹב אֶל שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו אַל יֶחֱטָ֨א הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בְּעַבְדּ֣וֹ בְדָוִ֗ד כִּ֣י ל֤וֹא חָטָא֙ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֥י מַעֲשָׂ֖יו טוֹב לְךָ֥ מְאֹֽד

And Jonathan spake good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works to you-ward very good:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he spoke'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֨רand he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
יְהוֹנָתָ֤ןJonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
בְּדָוִד֙inprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'in'.
ט֔וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שָׁא֖וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אָבִ֑יוhis fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'his father'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֵ֠לָיוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יֶחֱטָ֨אsinsQal jussive 3ms · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָטָא (H2398) 'sins'.
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
בְּעַבְדּ֣וֹhis servantsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.
בְדָוִ֗דinprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'in'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ל֤וֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חָטָא֙he committedQal perf 3ms · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'he committed'.
לָ֔ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וְכִ֥יand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
מַעֲשָׂ֖יוhis deedsN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'his deeds'.
טוֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לְךָ֥to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
5

וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם

For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and YHWH wrought a great salvation for all Israel: you sawest , and didst rejoice: wherefore then will you sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיָּשֶׂם֩and he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשׁ֨וֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
בְכַפּ֜וֹin his palmprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'in his palm'.
וַיַּ֣ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יthe Philistinesart + N gentilic m sg abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיַּ֨עַשׂand he madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and he made'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
תְּשׁוּעָ֤הdeliveranceN c · תְּשׁוּעָה (H8668)Construct chain (genitival)תְּשׁוּעָה (H8668) 'deliverance'.
גְדוֹלָה֙greatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
רָאִ֖יתָyou sawQal perf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'you saw'.
וַתִּשְׂמָ֑חand you shall rejoiceconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
וְלָ֤מָּהand whyconj וְ + prep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and why'.
תֶֽחֱטָא֙sinsQal impf 2ms · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָטָא (H2398) 'sins'.
בְּדָ֣םin the bloodprep + N com m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'in the blood'.
נָקִ֔יinnocentAdj · נָקִי (H5355)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָקִי (H5355) 'innocent'.
לְהָמִ֥יתto killprep + Hiphil inf constr · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'to kill'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
חִנָּֽםfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
6

וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל בְּק֣וֹל יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל חַי יְהוָ֖ה אִם יוּמָֽת

And Saul hearkened to the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, YHWH liveth, he shall not be slain.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
שָׁא֖וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
בְּק֣וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
יְהוֹנָתָ֑ןJonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣עand he sworeconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנִשְׁבַּע (H7650) 'and he swore'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
חַיaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יוּמָֽתhe shall be put to deathHophal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'he shall be put to death'.
7

וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיַּגֶּד לוֹ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֵ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן אֶת דָּוִד֙ אֶל שָׁא֔וּל וַיְהִ֥י לְפָנָ֖יו כְּאֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם

And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan shewed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּקְרָ֤אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
יְהוֹנָתָן֙Jonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
לְדָוִ֔דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
וַיַּגֶּדand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןJonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
אֵ֥ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַדְּבָרִ֖יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
הָאֵ֑לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
וַיָּבֵ֨אand he cameconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
יְהוֹנָתָ֤ןJonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיְהִ֥יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
לְפָנָ֖יוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before him'.
כְּאֶתְמ֥וֹלas / likeprep + N com m sg abs · אֶתְמוֹל (H865)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶתְמוֹל (H865) 'as / like'.
שִׁלְשֽׁוֹםbeforeN c · שִׁלְשׁוֹם (H8032)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁלְשׁוֹם (H8032) 'before'.
8

וַתּ֥וֹסֶף הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לִֽהְי֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיַּ֤ךְ בָּהֶם֙ מַכָּ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ מִפָּנָֽיו

And there was war again: and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled from him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'he shall add'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתּ֥וֹסֶףhe shall addconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
הַמִּלְחָמָ֖הthe warart + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the war'.
לִֽהְי֑וֹתto beprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
וַיֵּצֵ֨אand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
דָוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיִּלָּ֣חֶםand he foughtconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָחַם (H3898) 'and he fought'.
בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יםthe Philistinesprep + art + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיַּ֤ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
בָּהֶם֙in themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
מַכָּ֣הa blowN c · מַכָּה (H4347)Construct chain (genitival)מַכָּה (H4347) 'a blow'.
גְדוֹלָ֔הgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
וַיָּנֻ֖סוּand they fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'and they fled'.
מִפָּנָֽיוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before him'.
9

וַתְּהִי֩ ר֨וּחַ יְהוָ֤ה רָעָה֙ אֶל שָׁא֔וּל וְהוּא֙ בְּבֵית֣וֹ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וַחֲנִית֖וֹ בְּיָד֑וֹ וְדָוִ֖ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָֽד

And the evil spirit from YHWH was upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his javelin in his hand: and David played with hand.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and there was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַתְּהִי֩and there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
ר֨וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
רָעָה֙evilAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וְהוּא֙and heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
בְּבֵית֣וֹover his houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'over his house'.
יוֹשֵׁ֔בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
וַחֲנִית֖וֹandconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֲנִית (H2595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲנִית (H2595) 'and'.
בְּיָד֑וֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in his hand'.
וְדָוִ֖דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
מְנַגֵּ֥ןplayer on instrumentsPiel ptc ms · נָגַן (H5059)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַן (H5059) 'player on instruments'.
בְּיָֽדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg abs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
10

וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֜וּל לְהַכּ֤וֹת בַּֽחֲנִית֙ בְּדָוִ֣ד וּבַקִּ֔יר וַיִּפְטַר֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶֽת הַחֲנִ֖ית בַּקִּ֑יר וְדָוִ֛ד נָ֥ס וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הֽוּא

And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the javelin; but he slipped away out of Saul's presence, and he smote the javelin into the wall: and David fled, and escaped that night.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁand he soughtconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'and he sought'.
שָׁא֜וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
לְהַכּ֤וֹתto strike downprep + Hiphil inf constr · הִכָּה (H5221)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהִכָּה (H5221) 'to strike down'.
בַּֽחֲנִית֙inprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֲנִית (H2595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲנִית (H2595) 'in'.
בְּדָוִ֣דinprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'in'.
וּבַקִּ֔ירthe wallconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · קִיר (H7023)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיר (H7023) 'the wall'.
וַיִּפְטַר֙andconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּטַר (H6362)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּטַר (H6362) 'and'.
מִפְּנֵ֣יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיַּ֥ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַחֲנִ֖יתjavelinart + N com f sg abs · חֲנִית (H2595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲנִית (H2595) 'javelin'.
בַּקִּ֑ירin the wall ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · קִיר (H7023)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיר (H7023) 'in the wall of'.
וְדָוִ֛דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
נָ֥סhad fledQal perf 3ms · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּס (H5127) 'had fled'.
וַיִּמָּלֵ֖טand he escapedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · מָלַט (H4422)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
בַּלַּ֥יְלָהin the nightprep + art + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'in the night'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
11

וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ שָׁא֨וּל מַלְאָכִ֜ים אֶל בֵּ֤ית דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁמְר֔וֹ וְלַהֲמִית֖וֹ בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֗ד מִיכַ֤ל אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אִם אֵ֨ינְךָ֜ מְמַלֵּ֤ט אֶֽת נַפְשְׁךָ֙ הַלַּ֔יְלָה מָחָ֖ר אַתָּ֥ה מוּמָֽת

Saul also sent messengers to David's house, to watch him, and to slay him in the morning: and Michal David's wife told him, saying, If you save not your life to night, to morrow you shall be slain.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיִּשְׁלַח֩and he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
שָׁא֨וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
מַלְאָכִ֜יםmessengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֤יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לְשָׁמְר֔וֹand you shall keepprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
וְלַהֲמִית֖וֹand he diedconj וְ + prep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
בַּבֹּ֑קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
וַתַּגֵּ֣דand she toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and she told'.
לְדָוִ֗דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
מִיכַ֤לMichalN · מִיכָל (H4324)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיכָל (H4324) 'Michal'.
אִשְׁתּוֹ֙his wifeN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'his wife'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֵ֨ינְךָ֜you are notneg. + sfx 2ms · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'you are not'.
מְמַלֵּ֤טand I escapedPiel ptc ms · מָלַט (H4422)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָלַט (H4422) 'and I escaped'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשְׁךָ֙your soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
הַלַּ֔יְלָהthe nightart + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'the night'.
מָחָ֖רtomorrowN c · מָחָר (H4279)Construct chain (genitival)מָחָר (H4279) 'tomorrow'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
מוּמָֽתand he diedHophal ptc ms · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
12

וַתֹּ֧רֶד מִיכַ֛ל אֶת דָּוִ֖ד בְּעַ֣ד הַחַלּ֑וֹן וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּבְרַ֖ח וַיִּמָּלֵֽט

So Michal let David down through a window: and he went, and fled, and escaped.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she went down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַתֹּ֧רֶדand she went downconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'and she went down'.
מִיכַ֛לMichalN · מִיכָל (H4324)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיכָל (H4324) 'Michal'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בְּעַ֣דthroughprep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
הַחַלּ֑וֹןthe windowart + N com c sg abs · חַלּוֹן (H2474)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַלּוֹן (H2474) 'the window'.
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
וַיִּבְרַ֖חand he fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּרַח (H1272)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּרַח (H1272) 'and he fled'.
וַיִּמָּלֵֽטand he escapedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · מָלַט (H4422)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
13

וַתִּקַּ֨ח מִיכַ֜ל אֶת הַתְּרָפִ֗ים וַתָּ֨שֶׂם֙ אֶל הַמִּטָּ֔ה וְאֵת֙ כְּבִ֣יר הָֽעִזִּ֔ים שָׂ֖מָה מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יו וַתְּכַ֖ס בַּבָּֽגֶד

And Michal took an image, and laid in the bed, and put a pillow of goats' for his bolster, and covered with a cloth.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַתִּקַּ֨חand she tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and she took'.
מִיכַ֜לMichalN · מִיכָל (H4324)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיכָל (H4324) 'Michal'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַתְּרָפִ֗יםthe teraphimart + N com m pl abs · תְּרָפִים (H8655)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּרָפִים (H8655) 'the teraphim'.
וַתָּ֨שֶׂם֙and she putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and she put'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמִּטָּ֔הthe bedart + N com f sg abs · מִטָּה (H4296)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִטָּה (H4296) 'the bed'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
כְּבִ֣ירpillowN c · כְּבִיר (H3523)Construct chain (genitival)כְּבִיר (H3523) 'pillow'.
הָֽעִזִּ֔יםthe goatsart + N com f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵז (H5795) 'the goats'.
שָׂ֖מָהand he setQal perf 3fs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יוat his headN c · מְרַאֲשׁוֹת (H4763)Construct chain (genitival)מְרַאֲשׁוֹת (H4763) 'at his head'.
וַתְּכַ֖סand it coveredconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּסָה (H3680) 'and it covered'.
בַּבָּֽגֶדin the garmentprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'in the garment'.
14

וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁא֛וּל מַלְאָכִ֖ים לָקַ֣חַת אֶת דָּוִ֑ד וַתֹּ֖אמֶר חֹלֶ֥ה הֽוּא

And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, He sick.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֥חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
שָׁא֛וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
מַלְאָכִ֖יםmessengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
לָקַ֣חַתto takeprep + Qal inf constr · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַתֹּ֖אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
חֹלֶ֥הinflictedQal ptc ms · חָלָה (H2470)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
15

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת דָּוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַעֲל֨וּ אֹת֧וֹ בַמִּטָּ֛ה אֵלַ֖י לַהֲמִתֽוֹ

And Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may slay him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַמַּלְאָכִ֔יםthe messengersart + N com m pl abs · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the messengers'.
לִרְא֥וֹתto seeprep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
הַעֲל֨וּhad brought upHiphil impv 2mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) 'had brought up'.
אֹת֧וֹhimobj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'him'.
בַמִּטָּ֛הthe bedprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִטָּה (H4296)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִטָּה (H4296) 'the bed'.
אֵלַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
לַהֲמִתֽוֹand he diedprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
16

וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַתְּרָפִ֖ים אֶל הַמִּטָּ֑ה וּכְבִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים מְרַאֲשֹׁתָֽיו

And when the messengers were come in, behold, an image in the bed, with a pillow of goats' for his bolster.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
הַמַּלְאָכִ֔יםthe messengersart + N com m pl abs · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the messengers'.
וְהִנֵּ֥הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
הַתְּרָפִ֖יםthe teraphimart + N com m pl abs · תְּרָפִים (H8655)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּרָפִים (H8655) 'the teraphim'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמִּטָּ֑הthe bedart + N com f sg abs · מִטָּה (H4296)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִטָּה (H4296) 'the bed'.
וּכְבִ֥ירandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כְּבִיר (H3523)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּבִיר (H3523) 'and'.
הָעִזִּ֖יםthe goatsart + N com f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵז (H5795) 'the goats'.
מְרַאֲשֹׁתָֽיוat his headN c · מְרַאֲשׁוֹת (H4763)Construct chain (genitival)מְרַאֲשׁוֹת (H4763) 'at his head'.
17

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל מִיכַ֗ל לָ֤מָּה כָּ֨כָה֙ רִמִּיתִ֔נִי וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֥י אֶת אֹיְבִ֖י וַיִּמָּלֵ֑ט וַתֹּ֤אמֶר מִיכַל֙ אֶל שָׁא֔וּל הוּא אָמַ֥ר אֵלַ֛י שַׁלְּחִ֖נִי לָמָ֥ה אֲמִיתֵֽךְ

And Saul said to Michal, Why have you deceived me so, and sent away mine enemy, that he is escaped? And Michal answered Saul, He said to me, Let me go; why should I kill you?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
שָׁא֜וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מִיכַ֗לMichalN · מִיכָל (H4324)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיכָל (H4324) 'Michal'.
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
כָּ֨כָה֙thusart · כָּכָה (H3602)Particle or relational elementכָּכָה (H3602) 'thus'.
רִמִּיתִ֔נִיhave you deceived mePiel perf 2fs + sfx 1cs · רָמָה (H7411)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָמָה (H7411) 'have you deceived me'.
וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֥יand he sentconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 2fs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֹיְבִ֖יmy enemiesQal ptc ms + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'my enemies'.
וַיִּמָּלֵ֑טand he escapedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · מָלַט (H4422)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
וַתֹּ֤אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
מִיכַל֙MichalN · מִיכָל (H4324)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיכָל (H4324) 'Michal'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
הוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
אָמַ֥רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֵלַ֛יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
שַׁלְּחִ֖נִיhas sent mePiel impv 2fs + sfx 1cs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַח (H7971) 'has sent me'.
לָמָ֥הwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
אֲמִיתֵֽךְand he diedHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 2fs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
18

וְדָוִ֨ד בָּרַ֜ח וַיִּמָּלֵ֗ט וַיָּבֹ֤א אֶל שְׁמוּאֵל֙ הָרָמָ֔תָה וַיַּ֨גֶּד ל֔וֹ אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה ל֖וֹ שָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הוּא֙ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בנוית בְּנָֽיוֹת

So David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'had fled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וְדָוִ֨דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
בָּרַ֜חhad fledQal perf 3ms · בָּרַח (H1272)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּרַח (H1272) 'had fled'.
וַיִּמָּלֵ֗טand he escapedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · מָלַט (H4422)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
וַיָּבֹ֤אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שְׁמוּאֵל֙ShemuelN · שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050) 'Shemuel'.
הָרָמָ֔תָהRamahart + N proper + Sd · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
וַיַּ֨גֶּדand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
אֵ֛ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָֽשָׂהhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
שָׁא֑וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
הוּא֙hepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֔לShemuelconj וְ + N proper · שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050) 'Shemuel'.
וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּand settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and settled'.
בנויתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
בְּנָֽיוֹתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
19

וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְשָׁא֖וּל לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד בנוית בְּנָי֖וֹת בָּרָמָֽה

And it was told Saul, saying, Behold, David at Naioth in Ramah.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it was told'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיֻּגַּ֥דand it was toldconj וְ + Hophal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לְשָׁא֖וּלof Shaulprep + N proper · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'of Shaul'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
הִנֵּ֣הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
דָוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בנויתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
בְּנָי֖וֹתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
בָּרָמָֽהRamahprep + art + N proper · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
20

וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח שָׁא֣וּל מַלְאָכִים֮ לָקַ֣חַת אֶת דָּוִד֒ וַיַּ֗רְא אֶֽת לַהֲקַ֤ת הַנְּבִיאִים֙ נִבְּאִ֔ים וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל עֹמֵ֥ד נִצָּ֖ב עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתְּהִ֞י עַֽל מַלְאֲכֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם הֵֽמָּה

And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
שָׁא֣וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
מַלְאָכִים֮messengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
לָקַ֣חַתto takeprep + Qal inf constr · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִד֒DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיַּ֗רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
לַהֲקַ֤תcompanyN c · לַהֲקָה (H3862)Construct chain (genitival)לַהֲקָה (H3862) 'company'.
הַנְּבִיאִים֙a prophetart + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
נִבְּאִ֔יםand they prophesiedN · נָבָא (H5012)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕לShemuelconj וְ + N proper · שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050) 'Shemuel'.
עֹמֵ֥דstandingQal ptc ms · עָמַד (H5975)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
נִצָּ֖בstandingN · נָצַב (H5324)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָצַב (H5324) 'standing'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֑םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
וַתְּהִ֞יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מַלְאֲכֵ֤יmessengers ofN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers of'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
אֱלֹהִ֔יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּand they prophesiedconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
הֵֽמָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
21

וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְשָׁא֗וּל וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם הֵ֑מָּה וַיֹּ֣סֶף שָׁא֗וּל וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָכִ֣ים שְׁלִשִׁ֔ים וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ גַּם הֵֽמָּה

And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they prophesied also.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and reported'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיַּגִּ֣דוּand reportedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and reported'.
לְשָׁא֗וּלof Shaulprep + N proper · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'of Shaul'.
וַיִּשְׁלַח֙and he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
מַלְאָכִ֣יםmessengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
אֲחֵרִ֔יםotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'.
וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּand they prophesiedconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
הֵ֑מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
וַיֹּ֣סֶףthen he shall addconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (H3254) 'then he shall add'.
שָׁא֗וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיִּשְׁלַח֙and he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
מַלְאָכִ֣יםmessengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
שְׁלִשִׁ֔יםthe thirdAdj · שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992) 'the third'.
וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּand they prophesiedconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
הֵֽמָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
22

וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ גַּם ה֜וּא הָרָמָ֗תָה וַיָּבֹא֙ עַד בּ֤וֹר הַגָּדוֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשֶּׂ֔כוּ וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵיפֹ֥ה שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל וְדָוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה בנוית בְּנָי֥וֹת בָּרָמָֽה

Then went he also to Ramah, and came to a great well that in Sechu: and he asked and said, Where Samuel and David? And said, Behold, at Naioth in Ramah.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
ה֜וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
הָרָמָ֗תָהRamahart + N proper + Sd · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
וַיָּבֹא֙and he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בּ֤וֹרa pitN c · בּוֹר (H953)Construct chain (genitival)בּוֹר (H953) 'a pit'.
הַגָּדוֹל֙the greatart + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'the great'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בַּשֶּׂ֔כוּinprep + art + N proper · שֵׂכוּ (H7906)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׂכוּ (H7906) 'in'.
וַיִּשְׁאַ֣לand he askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'and he asked'.
וַיֹּ֔אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֵיפֹ֥הwhereinterrog. · אֵיפֹה (H375)Particle or relational elementאֵיפֹה (H375) 'where'.
שְׁמוּאֵ֖לShemuelN · שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050) 'Shemuel'.
וְדָוִ֑דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הִנֵּ֖הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
בנויתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
בְּנָי֥וֹתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
בָּרָמָֽהRamahprep + art + N proper · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
23

וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שָׁ֔ם אֶל נוית נָי֖וֹת בָּרָמָ֑ה וַתְּהִי֩ עָלָ֨יו גַּם ה֜וּא ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֔א עַד בֹּא֖וֹ בנוית בְּנָי֥וֹת בָּרָמָֽה

And he went thither to Naioth in Ramah: and the Spirit of God was upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֵּ֣לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
שָׁ֔םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נויתNaiothN · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'Naioth'.
נָי֖וֹתNaiothN · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'Naioth'.
בָּרָמָ֑הRamahprep + art + N proper · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
וַתְּהִי֩and there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
עָלָ֨יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
ה֜וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
אֱלֹהִ֗יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
הָלוֹךְ֙goingQal inf abs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֔אand they prophesiedconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בֹּא֖וֹcameQal inf constr + sfx 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
בנויתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
בְּנָי֥וֹתinprep + N proper · נָוִית (H5121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוִית (H5121) 'in'.
בָּרָמָֽהRamahprep + art + N proper · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
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וַיִּפְשַׁ֨ט גַּם ה֜וּא בְּגָדָ֗יו וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֤א גַם הוּא֙ לִפְנֵ֣י שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּפֹּ֣ל עָרֹ֔ם כָּל הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וְכָל הַלָּ֑יְלָה עַל כֵּן֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ הֲגַ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל בַּנְּבִיאִֽם

And he stripped off his clothes also, and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they say, Saul also among the prophets?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and stripped'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיִּפְשַׁ֨טand strippedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and stripped'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
ה֜וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
בְּגָדָ֗יוhis garmentsN c · בֶּגֶד (H899)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'his garments'.
וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֤אand they prophesiedconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
גַםalsoart · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
הוּא֙hepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
שְׁמוּאֵ֔לShemuelN · שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050) 'Shemuel'.
וַיִּפֹּ֣לand he fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
עָרֹ֔םnakedAdj · עָרֹם (H6174)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָרֹם (H6174) 'naked'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַה֖וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הַלָּ֑יְלָהthe nightart + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'the night'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּן֙soadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יֹֽאמְר֔וּthey sayQal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'they say'.
הֲגַ֥םindeed even hereinterrog. + art · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'indeed even here'.
שָׁא֖וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
בַּנְּבִיאִֽםa prophetprep + art + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.