1
זֶ֣ה סֵ֔פֶר תּוֹלְדֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם בְּי֗וֹם בְּרֹ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אָדָ֔ם בִּדְמ֥וּת אֱלֹהִ֖ים עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ
This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day God created man, he made him in the likeness of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
זֶ֣הthisdem pronoun m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject of nominal predicate clauseזֶה (H2088) proximal demonstrative pronoun m sg; introduces the formal toledot heading — 'this is the book of the generations of Adam'; the demonstrative gives the clause an archival, declarative quality.
סֵ֔פֶרbook ofN m sg constr · סֵפֶר (H5612)Predicate nominative (construct head)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'written document, scroll, book'; from שָׂפַר 'to count, write'; in construct with תּוֹלְדֹת, giving the genealogy an official, archival character distinct from the oral genealogies of Gen 4.
תּוֹלְדֹ֖תgenerations ofN f pl constr · תּוֹלְדֹת (H8435)Construct chain (genitival — object of סֵפֶר)תּוֹלְדֹת (H8435) 'generations, family history, lineage'; from יָלַד 'to beget'; the toledot formula (cf. 2:4; 6:9; 10:1) divides Genesis into major sections; here it frames the Sethite line as a formal register.
אָדָ֑םAdamproper noun · אָדָם (H121)Genitive of תּוֹלְדֹת (possessive)אָדָם (H121) the proper name Adam, distinguished from H120 (common noun); the ancestor whose line is being registered; the possessive genitive ties the genealogy to the first human being.
בְּי֗וֹםin the dayprep בְּ + N m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, governing infinitive)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; prep בְּ + construct + following infinitive = 'on the day when'; a temporal frame recalling Gen 1–2 and anchoring the genealogy in creation theology.
בְּרֹ֤אcreatingQal inf constr · בָּרָא (H1254)Temporal infinitival clause (object of בְּיוֹם)→ Infinitive: action that defines the temporal frameבָּרָא (H1254) 'to create'; in Qal exclusively with God as subject — effortless divine origination; the infinitive in בְּיוֹם בְּרֹא אֱלֹהִים recalls Gen 1:1 and grounds the genealogy's theology.
אֱלֹהִים֙GodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subject of inf constr בְּרֹאאֱלֹהִים (H430) pl in form, sg in reference to Israel's God; the creator whose act is recalled; the pl of majesty/fullness takes singular verbs of God.
אָדָ֔םmanN m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Direct object of inf constr בְּרֹאאָדָם (H120) common noun 'humankind, man'; the object of God's creation; distinct from proper name H121; the genealogy is grounded in God's creation of humanity as such.
בִּדְמ֥וּתin likeness ofprep בְּ + N f sg constr · דְּמוּת (H1823)Prepositional phrase of manner (adverbial to עָשָׂה)דְּמוּת (H1823) 'likeness, similitude, pattern'; from דָּמָה 'to be like'; paired with צֶלֶם in Gen 1:26–27; here used alone to reaffirm that humanity's creation in God's likeness is the theological basis for the genealogy.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Genitive of דְּמוּת (construct chain)אֱלֹהִים (H430); the genitive specifies whose likeness humanity bears — God's — a dignity not erased by the fall; the genealogy proceeds under this theologically loaded datum.
עָשָׂ֥הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed historical act — God's deliberate fashioning of humanityעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, do, fashion'; Qal perf reports a definitive past act; parallel to בָּרָא but stressing fashioning rather than origination; God made him — the antecedent of אֹתוֹ is human kind.
אֹתֽוֹhimobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + pronominal suffix (refers to אָדָם)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi with 3ms pronominal suffix; the suffix refers to אָדָם (mankind); marks the definite direct object of עָשָׂה; untranslated in English.
2
זָכָ֥ר וּנְקֵבָ֖ה בְּרָאָ֑ם וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ אֹתָ֗ם וַיִּקְרָ֤א אֶת שְׁמָם֙ אָדָ֔ם בְּי֖וֹם הִבָּֽרְאָֽם
Male and female he created them, and he blessed them, and he called their name Adam in the day they were created.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
זָכָ֥רmaleadj m sg abs · זָכָר (H2145)Subject (first member of compound subject)זָכָר (H2145) 'male'; functions substantively; paired with נְקֵבָה as the merism for complete humanity — both sexes together are the object of God's creation and blessing.
וּנְקֵבָ֖הand femaleconj וְ + N f sg abs · נְקֵבָה (H5347)Coordinating conjunction + second subjectנְקֵבָה (H5347) 'female'; from נָקַב 'to pierce/designate'; the biological term for the female; together with זָכָר constitutes the totality of humanity as created — both bear the image.
בְּרָאָ֑םhe created themQal perf 3ms + 3mp suffix · בָּרָא (H1254)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: decisive divine creative act — both genders together createdבָּרָא (H1254) 'to create'; Qal perf 3ms with 3mp suffix אָם; God's exclusive creative action encompasses male and female as a unit; foundational claim for the genealogy.
וַיְבָ֣רֶךְand he blessedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel intensive/declarative; God's blessing of male and female echoes Gen 1:28 — fruitfulness and multiplication; the genealogy of ch.5 operates under this blessing.
אֹתָ֗םthemobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + pronoun (refers to male and female)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi with 3mp suffix; object of וַיְבָרֶךְ; refers back to the compound subject זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה.
וַיִּקְרָ֤אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; the act of naming is an act of authority and definition; God naming both 'Adam' asserts their shared identity and common humanity under one name.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks שְׁמָם as the definite direct object of קָרָא.
שְׁמָם֙their nameN m sg constr + 3mp suffix · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct object (name being assigned)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name, reputation'; the collective name אָדָם is assigned to male and female together — their common identity before God underlies the genealogy that follows.
אָדָ֔םAdamN m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Predicate of double accusative (name given)אָדָם (H120) the common noun 'humanity/man' functioning here as the name given; both male and female receive this common designation, emphasizing unified human identity under the image.
בְּי֖וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + N m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; prep בְּ + construct + following infinitive frames the temporal reference: 'on the day of their being created'; echoes and closes the frame opened in v.1.
הִבָּֽרְאָֽםtheir being createdNiphal inf constr + 3mp suffix · בָּרָא (H1254)Temporal infinitival clause (object of בְּיוֹם)→ Infinitive: passive verbal action defining the dayבָּרָא (H1254) Niphal inf constr; the Niphal expresses the passive — 'when they were created'; God's creative act is presupposed and recalled as the anchor for the entire Adamic record.
3
וַֽיְחִ֣י אָדָ֗ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּמְאַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בִּדְמוּת֖וֹ כְּצַלְמ֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת שְׁמ֖וֹ שֵֽׁת
And Adam lived one hundred and thirty years, and he begot in his likeness, according to his image, and he called his name Seth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַֽיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live, be alive'; root חיה; the standard opener of each genealogical entry — X lived Y years and fathered Z; begins the chain of mortality-framed lives.
אָדָ֗םAdamproper noun · אָדָם (H121)Subject of וַיְחִיאָדָם (H121) proper name Adam; the first patriarch of the Sethite line; his 130 years before Seth are now recorded in the formal genealogical register.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֤יםthirtycardinal number pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Adverbial accusative of time (units)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty'; the units decade combined with מֵאָה gives 130 years — Adam's age at Seth's birth.
וּמְאַת֙and a hundredconj וְ + cardinal number sg constr · מֵאָה (H3967)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; construct form מְאַת before the following שָׁנָה; with שְׁלֹשִׁים = 130 years total before Seth's birth.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; from שָׁנָה 'to change, repeat'; the basic temporal unit of the genealogy; its repetition marks the relentless passage of creaturely time.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — new generationיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, beget'; Hiphil causative 'to cause to be born, to father'; the genealogy's key verb of generational succession; life extends forward.
בִּדְמוּת֖וֹin his likenessprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 3ms suffix · דְּמוּת (H1823)Prepositional phrase of manner (adverbial)דְּמוּת (H1823) 'likeness, similitude'; Adam begets Seth in his own likeness — the image-bearing continues through human mediation; the divine image is not erased but now flows through a fallen human lineage.
כְּצַלְמ֑וֹaccording to his imageprep כְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · צֶלֶם (H6754)Prepositional phrase of comparison (parallel to בִּדְמוּתוֹ)צֶלֶם (H6754) 'image, form, representation'; with דְּמוּת in Gen 1:26 it frames humanity's creation; here deliberately echoed as Adam fathers Seth — divine image flows through human succession.
וַיִּקְרָ֥אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; Adam names his son just as God named Adam in v.2; the act of naming asserts identity and continuity of the line.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks שְׁמוֹ as the definite direct object of וַיִּקְרָא.
שְׁמ֖וֹhis nameN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct object (name being assigned)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; the naming act extends the genealogical line — the name Seth will carry the chosen line forward through mortality.
שֵֽׁתSethproper noun · שֵׁת (H8352)Predicate of double accusative (name given)שֵׁת (H8352) the proper name Seth; traditionally connected to שִׁית 'to set, appoint' (cf. Gen 4:25 — 'God has appointed for me another son'); third son of Adam, ancestor of Noah.
4
וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ יְמֵי אָדָ֗ם אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת שֵׁ֔ת שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵאֹ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And the days of Adam, after he begot Seth, were eight hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּֽהְי֣וּand they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (remaining-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; 3mp agrees with the plural subject יְמֵי; introduces the formula tallying Adam's remaining years after Seth's birth.
יְמֵיdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain head)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr יְמֵי + proper name = 'the days of X'; the construct phrase is the subject of the existential היה, denoting the lifespan span.
אָדָ֗םAdamproper noun · אָדָם (H121)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)אָדָם (H121) proper name; referent whose remaining-years tally is given: 800 years after Seth's birth.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after, behind'; prep before Hiphil infinitive construct marks temporal sequence — 'after his fathering'; the standard genealogical formula dividing the patriarch's life into before and after the named son.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent to the main clause — the birth-event that divides the lifespanיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr; the 3ms suffix functions as the subject of the infinitive — 'his begetting (Seth)'; standard formula splitting the patriarch's recorded years.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹ)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks שֵׁת as the definite direct object of the infinitive הוֹלִידוֹ.
שֵׁ֔תSethproper noun · שֵׁת (H8352)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹשֵׁת (H8352) Seth; the named son whose birth is the temporal dividing point; 800 years of Adam's life follow.
שְׁמֹנֶ֥הeightcardinal number f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Adverbial accusative of time (units)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; units digit of Adam's remaining 800 years; combined with מֵאוֹת = eight hundreds.
מֵאֹ֖תhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds unit)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl מֵאוֹת; with שְׁמֹנֶה = 800 years — Adam's remaining lifespan after Seth.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun completing the time expression; the sg abs form is used distributively with the compound numeral.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — general fruitfulnessיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Adam's ongoing fruitfulness across his 800 remaining years — beyond Seth, other unnamed sons and daughters continued the filling of the earth.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl בָּנִים; paired with בָּנוֹת to indicate general fruitfulness beyond the lineally named son — the standard formula for a patriarch's additional offspring.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl בָּנוֹת; paired with בָּנִים as a standard formula indicating unnamed offspring; the pair emphasizes fullness of family life under the creation blessing of Gen 1:28.
5
וַיִּֽהְי֞וּ כָּל יְמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁר חַ֔י תְּשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
And all the days of Adam that he lived were nine hundred and thirty years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיִּֽהְי֞וּand they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3mp agrees with יְמֵי; the total-years formula introduces the final accounting of Adam's full lifespan before the death notice.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, totality'; in construct before יְמֵי + name gives 'all the days of X'; the כָּל formula marks the summary verse preceding the death refrain — full accountability before mortality.
יְמֵ֤יdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain — total lifespan)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr; the subject of הָיָה; 'all the days of Adam' = his complete lifespan.
אָדָם֙Adamproper noun · אָדָם (H121)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)אָדָם (H121) proper name; referent of the total-years tally — 930 years in all.
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (qualifying יְמֵי אָדָם)אֲשֶׁר (H834) relative pronoun; introduces the qualifying clause 'that he lived'; the relative specifies that it is the days actually lived that are counted, not merely years of existence.
חַ֔יhe livedQal perf 3ms · חָיָה (H2425)Predicate of relative clause→ Perfective: completed lifespan — all years now lived and overחָיָה (H2425) 'to live' (variant root assigned H2425 in OSHB, closely related to H2421); the relative clause qualifies which days are counted; Adam's lifespan is now closed, complete.
תְּשַׁ֤עninecardinal number f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Adverbial accusative of time (units)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; units digit of Adam's total 930 years — nine hundreds + thirty.
מֵאוֹת֙hundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl מֵאוֹת; with תֵּשַׁע = 900 years — the dominant component of Adam's total age.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun following the hundreds count, before the additive tens.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖יםand thirtyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeralשְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty'; added to give Adam's total of 930 years; the sum of 130 (pre-Seth) + 800 (post-Seth) confirms the arithmetic.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; second unit-noun occurrence closes the compound numeral expression with the total years.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the tolling death refrain — mortality claims each patriarchמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; the chapter's solemn closing formula for each patriarch; the sentence of Gen 3:19 governs every entry — even the first man, who lived 930 years, died.
6
וַֽיְחִי שֵׁ֕ת חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת אֱנֽוֹשׁ
And Seth lived one hundred and five years, and he begot Enosh.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַֽיְחִיand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; the genealogical cycle recommences with Seth as the next patriarch; life continues even as each entry ends in death.
שֵׁ֕תSethproper noun · שֵׁת (H8352)Subject of וַיְחִישֵׁת (H8352) Seth; Adam's third son and bearer of the chosen line; now himself the patriarch whose lifespan is tallied: 105 years before Enosh.
חָמֵ֥שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit; combined with וּמְאַת = 105 years — Seth's age at Enosh's birth.
שָׁנִ֖יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; pl שָׁנִים used when governed by single-digit or tens numerals; marks the duration of Seth's years before begetting Enosh.
וּמְאַ֣תand a hundredconj וְ + cardinal number sg constr · מֵאָה (H3967)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; construct form מְאַת before שָׁנָה; with חָמֵשׁ = 105 years total before Enosh.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the age-at-begetting formula for Seth.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — generational chain advancesיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; the genealogical succession advances: Seth fathers Enosh, the third generation from Adam.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks the following proper name Enosh as the definite direct object.
אֱנֽוֹשׁEnoshproper noun · אֱנוֹשׁ (H583)Direct object (named son)אֱנוֹשׁ (H583) the proper name Enosh; cognate with אֱנוֹשׁ 'mortal man' (H582); grandson of Adam; in his days 'men began to call on the name of Yahweh' (Gen 4:26) — the genealogy has theological resonance.
7
וַֽיְחִי שֵׁ֗ת אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת אֱנ֔וֹשׁ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Seth lived, after he begot Enosh, eight hundred and seven years, and he begot sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַֽיְחִיand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; the remaining-years formula for Seth begins: he lived 807 years after Enosh's birth.
שֵׁ֗תSethproper noun · שֵׁת (H8352)Subject of וַיְחִישֵׁת (H8352) Seth; now the remaining years are tallied: 807 years post-Enosh.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after, behind'; before the Hiphil infinitive construct marks temporal sequence — 'after his fathering of Enosh'; standard formula dividing the patriarch's lifespan.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — 'after Seth begot Enosh'יָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr with subject suffix — 'his begetting'; the suffix is the logical subject of the infinitive; the birth event marks the beginning of the remaining-years count.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹ)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Enosh as the definite direct object of the infinitive.
אֱנ֔וֹשׁEnoshproper noun · אֱנוֹשׁ (H583)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹאֱנוֹשׁ (H583) Enosh; the named son whose birth marks the temporal boundary of Seth's lifespan division.
שֶׁ֣בַעsevencardinal number f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Adverbial accusative of time (units)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; units digit of Seth's remaining 807 years; combined with מֵאוֹת = 807.
שָׁנִ֔יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; pl שָׁנִים governed by the unit numeral שֶׁבַע.
וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥הand eightconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; with מֵאוֹת = 800; combined with seven units = 807 total remaining years.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds unit)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl מֵאוֹת; with שְׁמֹנֶה = 800 years remaining after Enosh.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the compound numeral expression.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — ongoing fruitfulnessיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Seth's additional offspring beyond Enosh — the unnamed sons and daughters that fulfil the creation mandate.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl בָּנִים; paired with בָּנוֹת as the standard formula for general offspring beyond the lineally named son.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl בָּנוֹת; the pair בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת is the standard fruitfulness formula in the genealogy.
8
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל יְמֵי שֵׁ֔ת שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙and they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3mp agrees with יְמֵי; introduces the total-years summary for Seth before the death notice.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, totality'; in construct with יְמֵי + Seth = 'all the days of Seth'; precedes the death notice — a full account before mortality closes the entry.
יְמֵיdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr = lifespan; subject of הָיָה.
שֵׁ֔תSethproper noun · שֵׁת (H8352)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)שֵׁת (H8352) Seth; total lifespan = 912 years.
שְׁתֵּ֤יםtwelvecardinal number f dual abs · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Adverbial accusative of time (units — part of compound 12)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; dual form; combined with עֶשְׂרֵה = 12, then plus 900 = 912 total years.
עֶשְׂרֵה֙tencardinal number f sg abs · עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240)Adverbial accusative of time (compound teen numeral)עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240) '-teen' suffix form of עֶשֶׂר 'ten'; combined with שְׁתֵּים to make twelve; the teen-numeral pattern (units + עֶשְׂרֵה) represents the ones-and-tens combined.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed after the teen numeral before the hundreds continue.
וּתְשַׁ֥עand nineconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; with מֵאוֹת = 900; combined with twelve units = 912 total years.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl מֵאוֹת; with תֵּשַׁע = 900.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years formula for Seth.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the tolling death refrainמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; even Seth at 912 years dies — the genealogy tolls mortality for every patriarch except Enoch.
9
וַֽיְחִ֥י אֱנ֖וֹשׁ תִּשְׁעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת קֵינָֽן
And Enosh lived ninety years and fathered Kenan.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַֽיְחִ֥יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Enosh's entry opens: he lived 90 years before fathering Kenan.
אֱנ֖וֹשׁEnoshproper noun · אֱנוֹשׁ (H583)Subject of וַיְחִיאֱנוֹשׁ (H583) Enosh, grandson of Adam; name means 'mortal man'; 90 years old at Kenan's birth.
תִּשְׁעִ֣יםninetycardinal number pl abs · תִּשְׁעִים (H8673)Adverbial accusative of timeתִּשְׁעִים (H8673) 'ninety'; Enosh's age at Kenan's birth — one of the shorter ages in the genealogy at this point.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun with tִשְׁעִים.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — generational chain advancesיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Enosh fathers Kenan, the fourth generation from Adam; the line continues.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Kenan as the definite direct object.
קֵינָֽןKenanproper noun · קֵינָן (H7018)Direct object (named son)קֵינָן (H7018) the proper name Kenan; fourth generation from Adam; name may be related to קַיִן 'Cain' or to a root meaning 'to establish/nest'; he will live 910 years total.
10
וַֽיְחִ֣י אֱנ֗וֹשׁ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת קֵינָ֔ן חֲמֵ֤שׁ עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Enosh lived after he fathered Kenan eight hundred and fifteen years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַֽיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (remaining-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Enosh's remaining-years entry: 815 years after Kenan's birth.
אֱנ֗וֹשׁEnoshproper noun · אֱנוֹשׁ (H583)Subject of וַיְחִיאֱנוֹשׁ (H583) Enosh; 815 remaining years post-Kenan.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after'; governs the Hiphil infinitive construct; standard formula marking the temporal division in the patriarch's life.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — the birth that divides the lifespanיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix; 'his begetting (Kenan)'; the suffix is the logical subject.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Kenan as the definite direct object of the infinitive.
קֵינָ֔ןKenanproper noun · קֵינָן (H7018)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹקֵינָן (H7018) Kenan; the named son whose birth divides Enosh's lifespan.
חֲמֵ֤שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units — compound 15)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit; combined with עֶשְׂרֵה = 15, plus 800 = 815 remaining years for Enosh.
עֶשְׂרֵה֙tencardinal number f sg abs · עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240)Adverbial accusative of time (teen numeral element)עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240) '-teen' form; with חָמֵשׁ = fifteen years in the units position of the compound numeral.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun between the teens and the hundreds.
וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥הand eightconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeralשְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; hundreds digit — with מֵאוֹת = 800 remaining years.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with שְׁמֹנֶה = 800, the dominant portion of Enosh's remaining years.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the compound numeral.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Enosh's additional fruitfulness — sons and daughters beyond the lineally named Kenan.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl; the formula for additional unnamed male offspring.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl; closes the fruitfulness formula; the creation blessing of Gen 1:28 is operative through the generations.
11
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל יְמֵ֣י אֱנ֔וֹשׁ חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
Thus all the days of Enosh were nine hundred and five years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙and they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3mp with subject יְמֵי; introduces the total-years tally for Enosh: 905 years.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; the כָּל formula marks the summary verse — full accounting of Enosh's lifespan before the death refrain.
יְמֵ֣יdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr = total lifespan.
אֱנ֔וֹשׁEnoshproper noun · אֱנוֹשׁ (H583)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)אֱנוֹשׁ (H583) Enosh; total lifespan = 905 years.
חָמֵ֣שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit of Enosh's 905-year total.
שָׁנִ֔יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; pl with single-digit numeral חָמֵשׁ.
וּתְשַׁ֥עand nineconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; with מֵאוֹת = 900; total with five units = 905.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with nine = 900.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years formula for Enosh.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the recurring death refrain — mortality governs the lineמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; Enosh at 905 dies; the cadence of 'and he died' beats through the genealogy, underscoring the reality of Gen 3:19.
12
וַֽיְחִ֥י קֵינָ֖ן שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת מַֽהֲלַלְאֵֽל
And Kenan lived seventy years and fathered Mahalalel.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַֽיְחִ֥יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Kenan's entry: 70 years before fathering Mahalalel.
קֵינָ֖ןKenanproper noun · קֵינָן (H7018)Subject of וַיְחִיקֵינָן (H7018) Kenan; fourth patriarch; 70 years at Mahalalel's birth.
שִׁבְעִ֣יםseventycardinal number pl abs · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Adverbial accusative of timeשִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy'; Kenan's age at Mahalalel's birth — the youngest age at begetting seen so far in the genealogy.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun with שִׁבְעִים.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; the genealogical chain advances to Mahalalel, the fifth generation from Adam.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Mahalalel as definite direct object.
מַֽהֲלַלְאֵֽלMahalalelproper noun · מַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111)Direct object (named son)מַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111) the proper name Mahalalel; compound name: מְהַלֵּל 'praiser of' + אֵל 'God' = 'praise of God'; fifth generation from Adam; will live 895 years total.
13
וַיְחִ֣י קֵינָ֗ן אַחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֔ל אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Kenan lived after he fathered Mahalalel eight hundred and forty years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (remaining-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Kenan's remaining years after Mahalalel's birth: 840 years.
קֵינָ֗ןKenanproper noun · קֵינָן (H7018)Subject of וַיְחִיקֵינָן (H7018) Kenan; remaining years after Mahalalel: 840.
אַחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after'; governs Hiphil infinitive; standard formula dividing lifespan at the named son's birth.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — 'after Kenan begot Mahalalel'יָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr + 3ms subject suffix; the birth of Mahalalel marks the boundary dividing Kenan's lifespan.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Mahalalel as definite object of the infinitive.
מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֔לMahalalelproper noun · מַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹמַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111) Mahalalel; the named son whose birth divides Kenan's lifespan; 'praise of God.'
אַרְבָּעִ֣יםfortycardinal number pl abs · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Adverbial accusative of time (units)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'; units decade of Kenan's remaining 840 years; with שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת = 840.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun placed between the tens and the hundreds in the numeral sequence.
וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥הand eightconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 800, the dominant component of Kenan's remaining years.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with שְׁמֹנֶה = 800.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the remaining-years compound numeral.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Kenan's general fruitfulness — sons and daughters beyond Mahalalel.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl; standard formula for unnamed additional male offspring.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl; with בָּנִים forms the standard fruitfulness pair.
14
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל יְמֵ֣י קֵינָ֔ן עֶ֣שֶׂר שָׁנִ֔ים וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
Thus all the days of Kenan were nine hundred and ten years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙and they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3mp with יְמֵי; total-years tally for Kenan: 910 years.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; the כָּל formula precedes the death notice — a complete account before mortality closes the entry.
יְמֵ֣יdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr = total lifespan.
קֵינָ֔ןKenanproper noun · קֵינָן (H7018)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)קֵינָן (H7018) Kenan; total lifespan = 910 years.
עֶ֣שֶׂרtencardinal number f sg abs · עֶשֶׂר (H6235)Adverbial accusative of time (units decade)עֶשֶׂר (H6235) 'ten'; units digit of Kenan's 910-year total; with תְּשַׁע מֵאוֹת = 910.
שָׁנִ֔יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; pl with עֶשֶׂר.
וּתְשַׁ֥עand nineconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; with מֵאוֹת = 900; total 910 years for Kenan.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with nine = 900.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years compound numeral for Kenan.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the tolling death refrainמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; Kenan at 910 years dies; the cadence is unbroken through the line.
15
וַֽיְחִ֣י מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֔ל חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וְשִׁשִּׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת יָֽרֶד
And Mahalalel lived sixty-five years and fathered Jared.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַֽיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Mahalalel's entry: 65 years before fathering Jared.
מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֔לMahalalelproper noun · מַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111)Subject of וַיְחִימַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111) Mahalalel, 'praise of God'; fifth patriarch from Adam; 65 years old at Jared's birth.
חָמֵ֥שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit; with וְשִׁשִּׁים = 65 years before Jared's birth.
שָׁנִ֖יםyearsN f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; pl with חָמֵשׁ; the plural marks the grouping before the tens are added.
וְשִׁשִּׁ֣יםand sixtyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'; the tens unit; combined with חָמֵשׁ = 65 years — Mahalalel's age at Jared's birth.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the age-at-begetting formula for Mahalalel.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; the sixth generation advances — Mahalalel fathers Jared.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Jared as definite direct object.
יָֽרֶדJaredproper noun · יֶרֶד (H3382)Direct object (named son)יֶרֶד (H3382) the proper name Jared; sixth generation from Adam; name related to יָרַד 'to descend'; father of Enoch; will live 962 years total.
16
וַֽיְחִ֣י מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֗ל אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת יֶ֔רֶד שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Mahalalel lived after he fathered Jared eight hundred and thirty years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַֽיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (remaining-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Mahalalel's remaining years after Jared's birth: 830.
מַֽהֲלַלְאֵ֗לMahalalelproper noun · מַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111)Subject of וַיְחִימַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111) Mahalalel; 830 remaining years after Jared's birth.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after'; standard temporal marker governing Hiphil inf constr.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — 'after Mahalalel begot Jared'יָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr + 3ms subject suffix; Jared's birth is the dividing point of Mahalalel's lifespan.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks the following proper name as definite object.
יֶ֔רֶדJaredproper noun · יֶרֶד (H3382)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹיֶרֶד (H3382) Jared; the named son whose birth marks the temporal boundary of Mahalalel's lifespan.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtycardinal number pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Adverbial accusative of time (units decade)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty'; with שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת = 830 remaining years for Mahalalel.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun placed between the tens and the hundreds in the numeral sequence.
וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥הand eightconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 800 remaining years for Mahalalel.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with שְׁמֹנֶה = 800.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the remaining-years compound numeral.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Mahalalel's ongoing fruitfulness in his 830 remaining years.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl; standard formula for additional unnamed male offspring.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl; the fruitfulness pair.
17
וַיִּהְיוּ֙ כָּל יְמֵ֣י מַהֲלַלְאֵ֔ל חָמֵ֤שׁ וְתִשְׁעִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
So all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred ninety-five years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּהְיוּ֙and they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; total-years tally for Mahalalel: 895 years.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; the כָּל summary formula preceding the death notice.
יְמֵ֣יdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr = total lifespan.
מַהֲלַלְאֵ֔לMahalalelproper noun · מַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)מַהֲלַלְאֵל (H4111) Mahalalel; total lifespan = 895 years.
חָמֵ֤שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit of Mahalalel's 895-year total.
וְתִשְׁעִים֙and ninetyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · תִּשְׁעִים (H8673)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)תִּשְׁעִים (H8673) 'ninety'; the tens unit; combined with five = 95 years in the lower register of Mahalalel's 895-year total.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; unit noun placed after the units-and-tens before the hundreds are added.
וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥הand eightconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 800; total: 95 + 800 = 895 years.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with שְׁמֹנֶה = 800.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years formula for Mahalalel.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the tolling death refrainמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; Mahalalel, 'praise of God,' lives 895 years and dies — the death refrain continues unbroken.
18
וַֽיְחִי יֶ֕רֶד שְׁתַּ֧יִם וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת חֲנֽוֹךְ
And Jared lived one hundred sixty-two years, and he fathered Enoch.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַֽיְחִיand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Jared's entry opens: 162 years before fathering Enoch.
יֶ֕רֶדJaredproper noun · יֶרֶד (H3382)Subject of וַיְחִייֶרֶד (H3382) Jared; sixth patriarch from Adam; 162 years before Enoch, the most significant figure of the genealogy.
שְׁתַּ֧יִםtwocardinal number f dual abs · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Adverbial accusative of time (units — compound 62)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two' (feminine dual); units digit; combined with וְשִׁשִּׁים = 62, plus מְאַת = 162 years total.
וְשִׁשִּׁ֛יםand sixtyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'; tens unit; with two = 62 in the lower portion of Jared's 162-year pre-Enoch period.
שָׁנָ֖הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed after the units-and-tens, before the hundreds follow.
וּמְאַ֣תand a hundredconj וְ + cardinal number sg constr · מֵאָה (H3967)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; construct form מְאַת; with שְׁתַּיִם וְשִׁשִּׁים = 162 years total before Enoch's birth.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the age-at-begetting formula for Jared.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the pivotal birth of Enochיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; the genealogical pivot: Jared fathers Enoch, whose entry will be the most theologically distinctive of the chapter.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Enoch as the definite direct object.
חֲנֽוֹךְEnochproper noun · חֲנוֹךְ (H2585)Direct object (named son)חֲנוֹךְ (H2585) the proper name Enoch; from חָנַךְ 'to initiate, dedicate'; seventh from Adam (cf. Jude 14); distinguished by walking with God and being taken — the genealogy's single exception to the death refrain.
19
וַֽיְחִי יֶ֗רֶד אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת חֲנ֔וֹךְ שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Jared lived after he fathered Enoch eight hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַֽיְחִיand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (remaining-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Jared's remaining years after Enoch's birth: 800.
יֶ֗רֶדJaredproper noun · יֶרֶד (H3382)Subject of וַיְחִייֶרֶד (H3382) Jared; 800 remaining years after fathering Enoch.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after'; governs the Hiphil inf constr marking the birth of Enoch as the dividing point.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — 'after Jared begot Enoch'יָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr + 3ms subject suffix; Enoch's birth divides Jared's lifespan.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Enoch as definite direct object of the infinitive.
חֲנ֔וֹךְEnochproper noun · חֲנוֹךְ (H2585)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹחֲנוֹךְ (H2585) Enoch; the named son whose birth divides Jared's life; Enoch's subsequent walk with God sets his entry apart from all others.
שְׁמֹנֶ֥הeightcardinal number f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds digit)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; with מֵאוֹת = 800 remaining years for Jared after Enoch's birth.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with שְׁמֹנֶה = 800 — the complete remaining-years figure for Jared.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the remaining-years formula.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Jared's additional fruitfulness — sons and daughters beyond Enoch.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl; standard formula for unnamed additional offspring.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl; the standard fruitfulness pair closes Jared's remaining-years entry.
20
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ כָּל יְמֵי יֶ֔רֶד שְׁתַּ֤יִם וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
So all the days of Jared were nine hundred sixty-two years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙and they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3mp with יְמֵי; Jared's total: 962 years.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; כָּל-days formula introduces the total-years tally before the death notice.
יְמֵיdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr = total lifespan of Jared.
יֶ֔רֶדJaredproper noun · יֶרֶד (H3382)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)יֶרֶד (H3382) Jared; total lifespan = 962 years — one of the longest in the genealogy.
שְׁתַּ֤יִםtwocardinal number f dual abs · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Adverbial accusative of time (units — compound 62)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; units digit; with וְשִׁשִּׁים = 62, plus 900 = 962 total.
וְשִׁשִּׁים֙and sixtyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'; tens unit; with two = 62 in the lower portion of Jared's 962-year total.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed after the units-and-tens count before the hundreds.
וּתְשַׁ֥עand nineconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; with מֵאוֹת = 900; total 62 + 900 = 962 years.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with תֵּשַׁע = 900.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years formula for Jared.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the tolling death refrainמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; Jared at 962 — the second-longest lifespan in the genealogy — still ends in death; the refrain continues to prepare the contrast with Enoch.
21
וַֽיְחִ֣י חֲנ֔וֹךְ חָמֵ֥שׁ וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת מְתוּשָֽׁלַח
And Enoch lived sixty-five years, and he fathered Methuselah.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַֽיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Enoch's opening formula — he lived 65 years before Methuselah; the briefest age at begetting in the genealogy.
חֲנ֔וֹךְEnochproper noun · חֲנוֹךְ (H2585)Subject of וַיְחִיחֲנוֹךְ (H2585) Enoch; the seventh from Adam; his entry will diverge dramatically from the genealogical pattern in vv.22–24.
חָמֵ֥שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit; combined with וְשִׁשִּׁים = 65 years — Enoch's age at Methuselah's birth.
וְשִׁשִּׁ֖יםand sixtyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'; the tens unit; with five = 65 years before Methuselah's birth.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the age-at-begetting formula for Enoch.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Enoch fathers Methuselah, the longest-lived patriarch in the genealogy; the line continues.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Methuselah as definite direct object.
מְתוּשָֽׁלַחMethuselahproper noun · מְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968)Direct object (named son)מְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968) the proper name Methuselah; etymology debated — possibly 'man of the javelin' or 'his death brings (the flood)'; will live 969 years — the longest lifespan in the genealogy.
22
וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֨ךְ חֲנ֜וֹךְ אֶת הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַח שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Enoch walked with God after he fathered Methuselah three hundred years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֨ךְand he walkedconj וְ + Hitpael wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (deviates from normal pattern)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the key theological disruption of the genealogyהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to walk, go'; Hitpael הִתְהַלֵּךְ 'to walk about, walk habitually with'; the reflexive-iterative sense of the Hitpael captures sustained, habitual communion — not a single act but a way of life. Elsewhere used of Noah (6:9) and the patriarchal ideal (17:1; 24:40).
חֲנ֜וֹךְEnochproper noun · חֲנוֹךְ (H2585)Subject of וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְחֲנוֹךְ (H2585) Enoch; the subject of the walking formula; this verb replaces the usual 'lived X years after begetting' — Enoch's life is defined not primarily by duration but by orientation toward God.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Comitative prepositional phrase ('walked with')אֵת (H854) preposition 'with, together with' (H854, distinct from the object marker H853); marks accompaniment; 'walked with God' = intimate, sustained communion with the divine.
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗יםthe Godart + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Object of comitative prep אֵת ('walked with God')אֱלֹהִים (H430) with the article הָ; the definite form הָאֱלֹהִים appears in both Enoch notices (vv.22, 24) — 'the God', specifying the particular deity with whom Enoch's communion was maintained.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after'; governs the Hiphil inf constr marking Methuselah's birth as the starting point of Enoch's described walk with God.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — 'after Enoch begot Methuselah'יָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr; Methuselah's birth is presented as the starting point after which Enoch's walk with God is especially highlighted.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹ)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Methuselah as definite direct object.
מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַחMethuselahproper noun · מְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹמְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968) Methuselah; the named son whose birth marks the beginning of Enoch's recorded walk with God.
שְׁלֹ֥שׁthreecardinal number f sg abs · שָׁלֹשׁ (H7969)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds digit)שָׁלֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 300 years — Enoch walked with God for 300 years after Methuselah's birth, a far shorter lifespan than most.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with three = 300 — the only number in Enoch's remaining-years formula; no complex compound, simply 300 years of walking with God.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the 300-year figure for Enoch's remaining years.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; even while walking with God, Enoch lived a full human life — fathering additional sons and daughters; the walk with God does not remove him from creaturely existence.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl; Enoch's additional unnamed offspring — he remained embedded in ordinary family life even in his exceptional communion.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl; the standard fruitfulness formula applies to Enoch too, reinforcing that his exceptional life was not one of withdrawal from the created order.
23
וַיְהִ֖י כָּל יְמֵ֣י חֲנ֑וֹךְ חָמֵ֤שׁ וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה
So all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty-five years.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיְהִ֖יand it wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula, 3ms)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; uniquely 3ms here (not 3mp as usual) — the narrator switches from plural יְמֵי as subject to a singular construction, perhaps marking the singularity of Enoch's case; total: 365 years.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; the כָּל formula summarizes Enoch's total — but crucially, no death notice follows; the summary formula here opens the door to the exceptional close in v.24.
יְמֵ֣יdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr; 'all the days of Enoch' = 365 years — the shortest total lifespan in the genealogy, matching the days of the solar year (coincidence or intentional is debated).
חֲנ֑וֹךְEnochproper noun · חֲנוֹךְ (H2585)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)חֲנוֹךְ (H2585) Enoch; his total years are 365 — significantly shorter than every other patriarch, but his life is not cut short; it is completed differently.
חָמֵ֤שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit; combined with וְשִׁשִּׁים and וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת = 365 years total.
וְשִׁשִּׁים֙and sixtyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'; with five = 65, the same as his age at Methuselah's birth — indicating his total is simply 65 + 300.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed between the tens+units and the hundreds.
וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁand threeconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שָׁלֹשׁ (H7969)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)שָׁלֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 300, giving the total of 365 years for Enoch.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with שָׁלֹשׁ = 300, completing Enoch's total of 365 years.
שָׁנָֽהyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years formula for Enoch — significantly, what follows is not the death refrain but the exceptional notice of v.24.
24
וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ חֲנ֖וֹךְ אֶת הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְאֵינֶ֕נּוּ כִּֽי לָקַ֥ח אֹת֖וֹ אֱלֹהִֽים
And Enoch walked with God, and he was not, for God took him.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֥ךְand he walkedconj וְ + Hitpael wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (resumptive — restates Enoch's walk)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the climactic theological statementהָלַךְ (H1980) Hitpael; the same verb as v.22 — the narrator reprises Enoch's walk with God before the exceptional ending; the repetition underlines that his disappearance is the direct consequence of that walk.
חֲנ֖וֹךְEnochproper noun · חֲנוֹךְ (H2585)Subject of וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְחֲנוֹךְ (H2585) Enoch; named again emphatically before the exceptional close — his name frames the Hitpael walk-formula both times.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Comitative prepositional phraseאֵת (H854) preposition 'with' (H854; distinct from H853 object marker); marks habitual accompaniment — Enoch walked continually in God's company.
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑יםthe Godart + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Object of comitative prep אֵת ('walked with God')אֱלֹהִים (H430) with article; הָאֱלֹהִים marks specificity — the God of the narrative, the creator of ch.1 and the genealogy's theological anchor; Enoch's communion was with this God specifically.
וְאֵינֶ֕נּוּand he was notconj וְ + neg particle + 3ms suffix · אַיִן (H369)Coordinating conjunction + predicate of absence (main clause)אַיִן (H369) 'there is not, there is no'; with 3ms suffix אֵינֶנּוּ = 'he is not / he was not'; the stunning brevity of this clause replaces the expected death notice; Enoch simply ceased to be present among the living — the text does not say how.
כִּֽיforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction (explaining the absence)כִּי (H3588) 'for, because'; introduces the explanatory clause that accounts for Enoch's absence without explaining the mechanism — only the agent is named.
לָקַ֥חhe tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: a completed divine act — God took Enochלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, take away'; Qal perf 3ms; the verb is deliberately plain — no ascension, no translation formula, simply 'God took him'; the act is decisive and complete. The same verb is used of God taking a rib in Gen 2:21 — an intimate divine initiative.
אֹת֖וֹhimobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + pronominal suffix (Enoch)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi with 3ms suffix; the suffix refers to Enoch; God's action has a direct, personal object — Enoch himself.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subject of לָקַח (end position for emphasis)אֱלֹהִים (H430) without article here (contrast הָאֱלֹהִים in the walking formula); placed last in the clause for narrative emphasis — the agent of the taking is God himself, not chance or circumstance; the genealogy's only exception to universal death is a direct divine act.
25
וַיְחִ֣י מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַח שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁמֹנִ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד אֶת לָֽמֶךְ
And Methuselah lived one hundred and eighty-seven years, and he fathered Lamech.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; after the exceptional Enoch notice the standard genealogical formula resumes with Methuselah: 187 years before fathering Lamech.
מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַחMethuselahproper noun · מְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968)Subject of וַיְחִימְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968) Methuselah; the longest-lived patriarch (969 years total); 187 years before Lamech's birth.
שֶׁ֧בַעsevencardinal number f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Adverbial accusative of time (units)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; units digit; combined with וּשְׁמֹנִים and מְאַת = 187 years before Lamech.
וּשְׁמֹנִ֛יםand eightyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שְׁמֹנִים (H8084)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שְׁמֹנִים (H8084) 'eighty'; tens unit; with seven = 87, plus מְאַת = 187 years before Lamech's birth.
שָׁנָ֖הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed between the units-and-tens and the hundreds in the numeral compound.
וּמְאַ֣תand a hundredconj וְ + cardinal number sg constr · מֵאָה (H3967)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; construct form מְאַת before שָׁנָה; with 87 = 187 total years before Lamech's birth.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the age-at-begetting formula for Methuselah.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Methuselah fathers Lamech, through whom the line reaches Noah and the turning point of the primeval history.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Lamech as definite direct object.
לָֽמֶךְLamechproper noun · לֶמֶךְ (H3929)Direct object (named son)לֶמֶךְ (H3929) the proper name Lamech; etymology uncertain; also the name of a Cainite (Gen 4:18–24) — the repetition of the name may be intentional; he will name Noah with a word of hope for relief from the curse.
26
וַֽיְחִ֣י מְתוּשֶׁ֗לַח אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת לֶ֔מֶךְ שְׁתַּ֤יִם וּשְׁמוֹנִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Methuselah lived, after fathering Lamech, seven hundred and eighty-two years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַֽיְחִ֣יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (remaining-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Methuselah's remaining years after Lamech's birth: 782.
מְתוּשֶׁ֗לַחMethuselahproper noun · מְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968)Subject of וַיְחִימְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968) Methuselah; 782 remaining years post-Lamech; his longevity (969 total) is the greatest in the genealogy.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after'; standard temporal marker governing the Hiphil infinitive.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — 'after Methuselah begot Lamech'יָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr + 3ms subject suffix; Lamech's birth divides Methuselah's lifespan.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Lamech as definite direct object of the infinitive.
לֶ֔מֶךְLamechproper noun · לֶמֶךְ (H3929)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹלֶמֶךְ (H3929) Lamech; named as the dividing point of Methuselah's lifespan.
שְׁתַּ֤יִםtwocardinal number f dual abs · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Adverbial accusative of time (units — compound 82)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; units digit; combined with וּשְׁמוֹנִים = 82 in the lower portion of Methuselah's 782 remaining years.
וּשְׁמוֹנִים֙and eightyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שְׁמֹנִים (H8084)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שְׁמֹנִים (H8084) 'eighty'; the tens unit; with two = 82, plus seven hundreds = 782 remaining years.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed between the tens+units and the hundreds.
וּשְׁבַ֥עand sevenconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 700 remaining years for Methuselah after Lamech.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with seven = 700, giving 782 remaining years for Methuselah.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the remaining-years formula for Methuselah.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Methuselah's additional fruitfulness beyond Lamech — the generation's fullness.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl; standard formula for additional unnamed male offspring.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl; the standard fruitfulness pair.
27
וַיִּהְיוּ֙ כָּל יְמֵ֣י מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַח תֵּ֤שַׁע וְשִׁשִּׁים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּתְשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred and sixty-nine years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּהְיוּ֙and they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3mp with יְמֵי; Methuselah's total: 969 years — the longest lifespan in the Bible.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; the כָּל formula marks the final accounting before the death notice for Methuselah.
יְמֵ֣יdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr = total lifespan.
מְתוּשֶׁ֔לַחMethuselahproper noun · מְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)מְתוּשָׁלַח (H4968) Methuselah; total = 969 years — the greatest longevity of any human in the biblical record.
תֵּ֤שַׁעninecardinal number f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Adverbial accusative of time (units)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; units digit of 969; combined with וְשִׁשִּׁים and וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת = 969.
וְשִׁשִּׁים֙and sixtyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'; tens unit; with nine = 69, plus 900 = 969 total years.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed between the tens+units and the hundreds.
וּתְשַׁ֥עand nineconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 900; total: 69 + 900 = 969, the maximum age in the genealogy.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with nine = 900.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years formula for Methuselah.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the tolling death refrainמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; even Methuselah at 969 years dies — the longest human life recorded still ends in the same three-word death notice as all the others; mortality is absolute.
28
וַֽיְחִי לֶ֕מֶךְ שְׁתַּ֧יִם וּשְׁמֹנִ֛ים שָׁנָ֖ה וּמְאַ֣ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֖וֹלֶד בֵּֽן
And Lamech lived one hundred and eighty-two years, and he fathered a son.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַֽיְחִיand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (genealogical opener)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Lamech's entry: 182 years before fathering the unnamed son (Noah).
לֶ֕מֶךְLamechproper noun · לֶמֶךְ (H3929)Subject of וַיְחִילֶמֶךְ (H3929) Lamech; ninth patriarch from Adam; his entry is unique — the son born is not named here but receives a naming speech in v.29.
שְׁתַּ֧יִםtwocardinal number f dual abs · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Adverbial accusative of time (units — compound 82)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; units digit; combined with וּשְׁמֹנִים = 82, plus מְאַת = 182 years before Noah's birth.
וּשְׁמֹנִ֛יםand eightyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שְׁמֹנִים (H8084)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שְׁמֹנִים (H8084) 'eighty'; tens unit; with two = 82 in the lower portion of Lamech's 182-year pre-Noah period.
שָׁנָ֖הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed between tens+units and the hundreds.
וּמְאַ֣תand a hundredconj וְ + cardinal number sg constr · מֵאָה (H3967)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; construct form מְאַת; with 82 = 182 total years before Noah's birth.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the age-at-begetting formula for Lamech.
וַיּ֖וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the pivotal birth of Noahיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; the birth of the unnamed son — the most consequential birth in the genealogy; Noah's name and significance are revealed in the following verse.
בֵּֽןa sonN m sg abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (unnamed — indefinite)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; sg abs, indefinite — 'a son'; uniquely in this genealogy, the son is left unnamed at birth; the naming speech follows in v.29, making the identification and significance of this son a matter of narrative build-up.
29
וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֶת שְׁמ֛וֹ נֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֞֠ה יְנַחֲמֵ֤נוּ מִֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֨נוּ֙ וּמֵעִצְּב֣וֹן יָדֵ֔ינוּ מִן הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽרְרָ֖הּ יְהוָֽה
And he called his name Noah, saying, 'This one will comfort us from our work and from the painful toil of our hands, from the ground that Yahweh has cursed.'
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיִּקְרָ֧אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, name'; the naming act here is more elaborate than any other in the genealogy — Lamech's speech explains the name Noah with a theological rationale.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks שְׁמוֹ as the definite direct object of וַיִּקְרָא.
שְׁמ֛וֹhis nameN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · שֵׁם (H8034)Direct object (name being assigned)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; with 3ms suffix = 'his name'; the double accusative construction (שְׁמוֹ נֹחַ) is standard for the naming formula throughout the genealogy.
נֹ֖חַNoahproper noun · נֹחַ (H5146)Predicate of double accusative (name given)נֹחַ (H5146) the proper name Noah; the text creates a paronomasia with יְנַחֲמֵנוּ (from נָחַם) — a phonological wordplay rather than strict etymology, since Noah's name is from נוּחַ 'to rest'; Lamech plays on the sound to link Noah to hope and relief.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival phrase introducing direct speech→ Infinitive: formula for introducing quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the formulaic לֵאמֹר (prep לְ + inf constr) introduces direct speech; the most theologically charged speech act in the genealogy follows.
זֶ֞֠הthis onedem pronoun m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject of the direct speech clauseזֶה (H2088) proximal demonstrative pronoun m sg; 'this one' — pointing to the newborn Noah as the subject of Lamech's hope; the demonstrative gives the speech an immediate, urgent quality.
יְנַחֲמֵ֤נוּwill comfort usPiel impf 3ms + 1cp suffix · נָחַם (H5162)Predicate verb (main clause of quoted speech)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/prospective — hoped-for future comfortנָחַם (H5162) 'to comfort, console, relieve'; Piel intensive/factitive; Lamech uses this verb to express hope that Noah will bring relief from toil and pain; the Piel suggests a decisive, effective comforting. The phonological echo of Noah's name (נֹחַ / יְנַחֲמֵנוּ) is a deliberate paronomasia, not strict etymology.
מִֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֨נוּ֙from our workprep מִן + N m sg constr + 1cp suffix · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Prepositional phrase of source/separationמַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'work, deed, labor'; from עָשָׂה 'to do, make'; with prep מִן = 'from our work'; Lamech envisions relief from the toilsome labor that has characterized post-fall existence since Gen 3:17–19.
וּמֵעִצְּב֣וֹןand from the painconj וְ + prep מִן + N m sg abs · עִצָּבוֹן (H6093)Coordinating conjunction + prepositional phrase of separationעִצָּבוֹן (H6093) 'painful toil, anguish, hardship'; from עָצַב 'to hurt, grieve'; the same word used in Gen 3:16, 17 for the pain of childbirth and of toiling the ground; Lamech's speech deliberately echoes the curse language of Gen 3.
יָדֵ֔ינוּof our handsN f dual constr + 1cp suffix · יָד (H3027)Genitive of עִצָּבוֹן (construct chain)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; dual construct with 1cp suffix = 'of our hands'; the hendiadys 'painful toil of our hands' locates the suffering in embodied labor — the curse falls on the physical work of cultivation.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (governing הָאֲדָמָה)מִן (H4480) 'from'; the preposition marks the source of the toil — the ground itself is the locus of the curse and the burden.
הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔הthe groundart + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Object of prep מִן (source of toil)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground, soil, earth'; from אָדַם 'to be red'; the cursed ground of Gen 3:17 (אֲרוּרָה הָאֲדָמָה); Lamech's speech explicitly links Noah's birth to the resolution of the ground-curse, positioning Noah as a figure of relief and transition.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifying הָאֲדָמָה)אֲשֶׁר (H834) relative pronoun; introduces the relative clause specifying the ground as the one Yahweh cursed; connects Lamech's speech directly to Gen 3:17.
אֵֽרְרָ֖הּhe cursed itPiel perf 3ms + 3fs suffix · אָרַר (H779)Predicate of relative clause→ Perfective: completed divine act of cursing — the ground stands cursedאָרַר (H779) 'to curse'; Piel perf 3ms with 3fs suffix (referring to הָאֲדָמָה, feminine); the intensive Piel emphasizes the thoroughness of the curse; the perfect indicates a past act whose consequences remain in force — the ground is still under the curse Yahweh pronounced in Gen 3.
יְהוָֽהYahwehproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of אֵרְרָהּ (clause-final for emphasis)יְהוָה (H3068) the divine name Yahweh; significantly, Lamech uses the covenant name YHWH rather than אֱלֹהִים, grounding his hope in the personal God who had cursed the ground and who alone can lift or mitigate the curse through Noah.
30
וַֽיְחִי לֶ֗מֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הוֹלִיד֣וֹ אֶת נֹ֔חַ חָמֵ֤שׁ וְתִשְׁעִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וַחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֹ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֥וֹלֶד בָּנִ֖ים וּבָנֽוֹת
And Lamech lived, after fathering Noah, five hundred and ninety-five years, and he fathered sons and daughters.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַֽיְחִיand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (remaining-years formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; Lamech's remaining years after Noah's birth: 595 years.
לֶ֗מֶךְLamechproper noun · לֶמֶךְ (H3929)Subject of וַיְחִילֶמֶךְ (H3929) Lamech; 595 remaining years after fathering Noah.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Temporal prepositional phrase (governing infinitive)אַחַר (H310) 'after'; governs the Hiphil inf constr; standard temporal formula dividing the lifespan at Noah's birth.
הוֹלִיד֣וֹhis fatheringHiphil inf constr + 3ms suffix · יָלַד (H3205)Temporal infinitival clause (object of אַחֲרֵי)→ Infinitive: action antecedent — 'after Lamech begot Noah'יָלַד (H3205) Hiphil inf constr + 3ms subject suffix; Noah's birth is the dividing point of Lamech's lifespan.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of infinitive)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks Noah as definite direct object of the infinitive.
נֹ֔חַNoahproper noun · נֹחַ (H5146)Direct object of infinitive הוֹלִידוֹנֹחַ (H5146) Noah; the named son whose birth marks the temporal boundary; now his father's remaining years are tallied — Lamech will live to see his son's life begin but dies five years before the flood.
חָמֵ֤שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (units)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; units digit; combined with וְתִשְׁעִים and וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאֹת = 595 remaining years for Lamech.
וְתִשְׁעִים֙and ninetyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · תִּשְׁעִים (H8673)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)תִּשְׁעִים (H8673) 'ninety'; tens unit; with five = 95, plus 500 = 595 remaining years for Lamech.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed between the units+tens and the hundreds.
וַחֲמֵ֥שׁand fiveconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; hundreds digit; with מֵאֹת = 500 remaining years for Lamech after Noah's birth.
מֵאֹ֖תhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with five = 500, giving 595 total remaining years.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the remaining-years compound numeral for Lamech.
וַיּ֥וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Lamech's additional fruitfulness — unnamed sons and daughters beyond Noah.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (first of compound)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; pl; standard formula for additional unnamed offspring.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Coordinating conjunction + second direct objectבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; pl; the standard fruitfulness pair closes Lamech's remaining-years entry.
31
וַֽיְהִי֙ כָּל יְמֵי לֶ֔מֶךְ שֶׁ֤בַע וְשִׁבְעִים֙ שָׁנָ֔ה וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּמֹֽת
And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and seventy-seven years, and he died.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (total-years formula, 3ms)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3ms (as in Enoch's v.23) rather than the usual 3mp; introduces the total-years tally for Lamech: 777 years.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain head (totality quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; the כָּל summary formula before the death notice for Lamech.
יְמֵיdays ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject (construct chain)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; pl constr = total lifespan of Lamech.
לֶ֔מֶךְLamechproper noun · לֶמֶךְ (H3929)Genitive of יְמֵי (possessive)לֶמֶךְ (H3929) Lamech; total lifespan = 777 years — a numerically striking figure (triple seven); he dies before the flood in which his hope for Noah is realized.
שֶׁ֤בַעsevencardinal number f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Adverbial accusative of time (units)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; units digit of Lamech's 777-year total; the triple seven is a distinctive number — the last patriarch before Noah bears the number of completeness.
וְשִׁבְעִים֙and seventyconj וְ + cardinal number pl abs · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (tens)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy'; tens unit; with seven = 77, plus seven hundreds = 777 total years for Lamech.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; placed between the units+tens and the hundreds.
וּשְׁבַ֥עand sevenconj וְ + cardinal number f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Coordinating conjunction + additive numeral (hundreds digit)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; hundreds digit; with מֵאוֹת = 700 for Lamech; the repeated 'seven' across the numeral creates the memorable triple-seven total of 777.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with seven = 700.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the total-years formula for Lamech.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (death notice)→ Wayyiqtol: the tolling death refrainמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; root מות; Lamech, who hoped for Noah's comforting, does not live to see the flood or its resolution; even the bearer of messianic hope dies under the curse he named.
32
וַֽיְהִי נֹ֕חַ בֶּן חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיּ֣וֹלֶד נֹ֔חַ אֶת שֵׁ֖ם אֶת חָ֥ם וְאֶת יָֽפֶת
And Noah was five hundred years old, and Noah fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַֽיְהִיand he wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (transitional formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the genealogy closes and opens forwardהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; introduces the notice of Noah's age (500 years) and his three sons; the genealogy pivots from looking backward to opening toward the flood narrative.
נֹ֕חַNoahproper noun · נֹחַ (H5146)Subject of וַיְהִינֹחַ (H5146) Noah; the tenth patriarch from Adam, the telos of the genealogy; at 500 years he fathers three sons, setting the stage for Gen 6–9.
בֶּןson of (age)N m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Predicate nominative (idiomatic age expression בֶּן + numeral)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; in construct with a numeral בֶּן חָמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה = 'son of five hundred years' = idiom for 'five hundred years old'; this construction is the standard Hebrew age expression.
חֲמֵ֥שׁfivecardinal number f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds digit — part of age idiom)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; with מֵאוֹת = 500 years — Noah's age when he began fathering his three named sons.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredscardinal number pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Adverbial accusative of time (hundreds — part of age idiom)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'; pl; with חָמֵשׁ = 500; Noah is 500 years old, the latest age at begetting in the genealogy.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial accusative of timeשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; closes the age notice for Noah.
וַיּ֣וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the genealogy's final begettingיָלַד (H3205) Hiphil; Noah fathers the three sons who are named — the only instance in the chapter where three named sons are listed rather than one named heir plus unnamed others; this opens the table of nations horizon.
נֹ֔חַNoahproper noun · נֹחַ (H5146)Subject of וַיּוֹלֶד (repeated for clarity)נֹחַ (H5146) Noah; the subject is restated after the intervening age clause, a common Hebrew technique for re-establishing the subject before a verb following a lengthy predicate.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (first of three)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks שֵׁם as the first definite direct object.
שֵׁ֖םShemproper noun · שֵׁם (H8035)Direct object (first named son)שֵׁם (H8035) the proper name Shem; means 'name, renown'; the firstborn of Noah's three sons by conventional listing; ancestor of the Semitic peoples; the line of promise runs through him (Gen 9:26; 10:21–31; 11:10–26).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (second of three)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi; marks חָם as the second definite direct object.
חָ֥םHamproper noun · חָם (H2526)Direct object (second named son)חָם (H2526) the proper name Ham; meaning uncertain — possibly 'hot' or related to Egypt's name כָּם; second of Noah's three sons; ancestor of the Hamitic peoples (Gen 10:6–20); his actions in Gen 9:22 bring a curse on his son Canaan.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (third of three)וְ joins the third son to the list; אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marks יֶפֶת as the third definite direct object; the conjunction signals the final item in the list.
יָֽפֶתJaphethproper noun · יֶפֶת (H3315)Direct object (third named son)יֶפֶת (H3315) the proper name Japheth; possibly from יָפָה 'to be beautiful' or from פָּתָה 'to enlarge' (cf. Gen 9:27 'may God enlarge Japheth'); ancestor of the Japhethic peoples (Gen 10:2–5); the genealogy closes naming all three sons, pivoting the narrative to the flood world of Gen 6.