Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Genesis, Chapter 27בְּרֵאשִׁית כ״ז

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Crisis of blessing now moves from prenatal oracle and sibling contrast into deliberate household intrigue, paternal intention, successful deception, irreversible speech, fraternal hatred, and the opening stretch of Jacob's exile. Blindness, appetite, costume, voice, touch, smell, and authoritative blessing are woven together so tightly that the scene becomes one of Genesis' most searching studies in providence working through morally compromised human action. Isaac intends to secure Esau with a final blessing, Rebekah acts to preserve what she understands to be the divinely ordered future, Jacob consents to deception in order to obtain it, and Esau discovers too late that spoken blessing cannot simply be recalled. The result is not a neat moral tableau. Nothing in the movement allows the reader to forget either the divine oracle favoring the younger or the grievous crookedness of the path by which the household moves toward it. Blessing here is potent, embodied, and once uttered it proves durable, yet its transmission exposes divided loves, fear, opportunism, and anguish. The close turns from the lost blessing to the cost of securing it: Esau's murderous resolve drives Jacob toward flight, and what began as a contest within the tent opens into the long exile-and-return arc that will shape the next phase of Genesis.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. One of the great narrative cruxes of Genesis unfolds here as divine oracle, paternal intention, maternal strategy, filial deceit, and irrevocable blessing all converge in a single household scene. Verse 1's notice that Isaac's eyes were dim from seeing is more than physical setup; it enables the whole sensory drama that follows, where voice, touch, smell, and food become competing modes of discernment. Verse 4's appeal that Isaac's soul may bless Esau before death should be preserved with its full personal and solemn force, not reduced to a casual parting wish. Rebekah's intervention in verses 5-17 must be read in light of the earlier oracle about the elder serving the younger, yet the narrative does not therefore excuse the deception. Verse 12's concern that Jacob may seem a mocker and bring curse rather than blessing is a major turning point in the scheme, and verse 13's 'upon me be your curse, my son' carries a dangerous intensity that should not be softened. In verses 18-29 the Hebrew repeatedly heightens tension through short exchanges and sensory testing: 'the voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau' in verse 22 is one of the narrative's defining lines. Verse 27's smell of the field is central to the blessing scene and should retain its concreteness. The blessing itself in verses 28-29 is densely compact: dew, fatness of the earth, grain, wine, mastery over peoples, and the curse-blessing formula all resonate with broader patriarchal promise language. Verses 30-40 then turn from achieved deceit to exposed anguish. Esau's cry in verses 34 and 38 should preserve its raw emotional force, and verse 36's name-play on Jacob / supplanting is integral to Esau's interpretation of the whole event. Verse 39 is a well-known crux, since the wording about the fatness of the earth and dew can be heard either as sharing in or being deprived of them depending on how the phrase is construed; the translation here keeps the most natural reading while the difficulty is noted. Verse 40's line 'and you shall serve your brother, but when you grow restless you shall break his yoke from your neck' is likewise compact and historically charged. The closing verses are not appendix alone: Esau's hatred, Rebekah's hearing, and the plan to send Jacob to Laban open the next major movement of the Jacob story. Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיְהִי֙ כִּֽי זָקֵ֣ן יִצְחָ֔ק וַתִּכְהֶ֥יןָ עֵינָ֖יו מֵרְאֹ֑ת וַיִּקְרָ֞א אֶת עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּנ֣וֹ הַגָּדֹ֗ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ בְּנִ֔י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו הִנֵּֽנִי

And it happened that when Isaac was old and his eyes were dim from seeing, he called Esau his older son and said to him, "My son," and he said to him, "Here I am."

Final blessing scene opened: Isaac summons Esau in weakness and ageוַיְהִי֙
Isaac's frailty and his initiative toward Esau establish the opening scene. Blindness, age, and paternal preference frame everything that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיְהִי֙and it came to passconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Narrative formula (temporal clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, happen'; וַיְהִי opens new episode.
כִּֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Temporal conjunctionכִּי (H3588) 'that, when, because'; temporal here introducing the circumstance.
זָקֵ֣ןwas oldQal perf 3ms · זָקֵן (H2204)Predicate verb (subordinate clause)→ Perfective: stative — settled condition of agingזָקֵן (H2204) 'to be old'; state verb describing Isaac's advanced age.
יִצְחָ֔קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of זָקֵןיִצְחָק (H3327), son of Abraham; name relates to laughter (צחק).
וַתִּכְהֶ֥יןָand they grew dimconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · כָּהָה (H3543)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּהָה (H3543) 'to be dim, grow faint'; of eyes failing with age.
עֵינָ֖יוhis eyesN (c) du cstr + 3ms suff · עַיִן (H5869)Subject of וַתִּכְהֶיְנָהעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; dual because two eyes; blindness key to the plot.
מֵרְאֹ֑תfrom seeingprep מִן + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Causal-source prepositional phrase→ Infinitive: verbal noun of actionרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; inf constr with מִן = 'from the act of seeing.'
וַיִּקְרָ֞אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'; volitional act of summoning the heir.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
עֵשָׂ֣וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Direct object of וַיִּקְרָאעֵשָׂו (H6215), Isaac's firstborn; hunter and man of the field (25:27).
בְּנ֣וֹhis sonN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identification of Esau)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; apposition identifying Esau in relation to Isaac.
הַגָּדֹ֗לthe olderart + adj m sg abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective (appositive)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, older'; elder son holding birthright by birth.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; standard speech-introduction verb.
אֵלָיו֙to himprep אֶל + 3ms suff · אֵל (H413)Indirect object (addressee)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; directional prep with pronominal suffix.
בְּנִ֔יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; vocative summons, paternal address.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Esau now responds.
אֵלָ֖יוto himprep אֶל + 3ms suff · אֵל (H413)Indirect object (addressee)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; Esau's reply directed back to Isaac.
הִנֵּֽנִיhere I amparticle הִנֵּה + 1cs suff · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle (ready response)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'; with 1cs suff = 'here am I,' the formula of full availability.
2

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה נָ֖א זָקַ֑נְתִּי לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי י֥וֹם מוֹתִֽי

And he said, "Behold now, I am old; I do not know the day of my death."

Mortality named: Isaac places the blessing under the shadow of approaching deathוַיֹּ֕אמֶר
Isaac's urgency is rooted in mortality. The blessing is meant as a final paternal act before death overtakes him.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac launches his mortality speech.
הִנֵּהbeholdparticle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle (attention-getter)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold, look'; draws attention to self-evident reality.
נָ֖אpleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreatyנָא (H4994) enclitic particle of polite or emphatic appeal.
זָקַ֑נְתִּיI am oldQal perf 1cs · זָקֵן (H2204)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: stative — enduring conditionזָקֵן (H2204) 'to be old'; perf of stative root = 'I have become and remain old.'
לֹ֥אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negationלֹא (H3808) 'not'; absolute negation of the following verb.
יָדַ֖עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (negated)→ Perfective: stative ignoranceיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'; stative perf = ongoing state of not knowing.
י֥וֹםthe dayN m sg cstr · יוֹם (H3117)Direct object of יָדַעְתִּי (construct)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; in construct with מוֹתִי, specifying the unknown date.
מוֹתִֽיof my deathN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct genitiveמָוֶת (H4194) 'death'; genitive completing יוֹם; mortality drives all urgency.
3

וְעַתָּה֙ שָׂא נָ֣א כֵלֶ֔יךָ תֶּלְיְךָ֖ וְקַשְׁתֶּ֑ךָ וְצֵא֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְצ֥וּדָה לִּ֖י צידה צָֽיִד

"So now, please take your gear, your quiver and your bow, and go out to the field and hunt game for me."

Commission given: Esau is sent to the field in keeping with his identityוְעַתָּה֙
Isaac's request aligns with Esau's character as hunter and man of the field. The blessing is tied to a favored mode of filial service.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְעַתָּה֙and nowconj וְ + adv · עַתָּה (H6258)Transitional temporal adverbעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; transitions from mortality preamble to the commission.
שָׂאtake upQal impv 2ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: direct commandנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, take'; command to gather hunting gear.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreatyנָא (H4994) softens the imperative with paternal appeal.
כֵלֶ֔יךָyour gearN m pl cstr + 2ms suff · כְּלִי (H3627)Direct object of שָׂאכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, implement, equipment'; pl = full hunting kit.
תֶּלְיְךָ֖your quiverN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · תֶּלִי (H8522)Appositive (specification of gear)תֶּלִי (H8522) 'quiver'; hapax; the arrow-carrier, essential hunting equipment.
וְקַשְׁתֶּ֑ךָand your bowconj וְ + N f sg cstr + 2ms suff · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Conjoined direct objectקֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'bow'; Esau's primary hunting weapon.
וְצֵא֙and go outconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · יָצָא (H3318)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to departיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; imperative sequence — equip → go out → hunt.
הַשָּׂדֶ֔הto the fieldart + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Directional locative objectשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field, open country'; the defining domain of Esau.
וְצ֥וּדָהand huntconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · צוּד (H6679)Conjoined imperative (paragogic he)→ Volitional: emphatic hunting commandצוּד (H6679) 'to hunt'; paragogic he intensifies the command.
לִּ֖יfor meprep לְ + 1cs suffDative of benefitלְ with 1cs pronominal suffix = 'for me'; the hunt is for Isaac's sake.
צידהprovisionsN (c) sg abs · צֵידָה (H6720)Direct object (ketiv form)צֵידָה (H6720) 'food, provisions'; ketiv; cf. qere צַיִד, the hunted game.
צָֽיִדgameN (c) sg abs · צַיִד (H6720)Direct object (qere form)צַיִד (H6720) 'game, hunt'; the hunted prey Isaac loves to eat.
4

וַעֲשֵׂה לִ֨י מַטְעַמִּ֜ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָהַ֛בְתִּי וְהָבִ֥יאָה לִּ֖י וְאֹכֵ֑לָה בַּעֲב֛וּר תְּבָרֶכְךָ֥ נַפְשִׁ֖י בְּטֶ֥רֶם אָמֽוּת

"And make for me savory food such as I love, and bring it to me, and I will eat, so that my soul may bless you before I die."

Blessing attached: beloved food becomes the immediate prelude to paternal speechוַעֲשֵׂה
The beloved dish is not incidental but woven into the sensory and personal world of the blessing. Isaac's soul is set to bless through satisfaction and affection.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַעֲשֵׂהand makeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to prepare foodעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; continuation of the commissioning commands.
לִ֨יfor meprep לְ + 1cs suffDative of benefitלְ with 1cs suffix; the food is entirely for Isaac's appetite.
מַטְעַמִּ֜יםsavory foodN m pl abs · מַטְעַם (H4303)Direct object of וַעֲשֵׂהמַטְעַם (H4303) 'delicacy, savory dish'; from טָעַם 'taste'; Isaac's beloved food.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רsuch asprep כְּ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative relative clause markerכַּאֲשֶׁר 'as, according to'; introduces the standard of what Isaac loves.
אָהַ֛בְתִּיI loveQal perf 1cs · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: stative love — enduring affectionאָהַב (H157) 'to love'; stative perf = persistent personal preference for Esau's food.
וְהָבִ֥יאָהand bring itconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2ms (paragogic he) · בּוֹא (H935)Conjoined imperative (paragogic he)→ Volitional: command to bringבּוֹא (H935) 'to come/go'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; paragogic he intensifies command.
לִּ֖יto meprep לְ + 1cs suffIndirect object (recipient)לְ with 1cs suff = 'to me'; the food is to be delivered to Isaac.
וְאֹכֵ֑לָהso I may eatconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Cohortative of purpose→ Cohortative: volitional purposeאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; cohortative expresses Isaac's desired intention.
בַּעֲב֛וּרso thatprep בְּ + N m sg cstr · עֲבוּר (H5668)Purpose prepositionבַּעֲבוּר 'for the sake of, so that'; introduces the telic purpose of eating.
תְּבָרֶכְךָ֥may bless youPiel impf 3fs + 2ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (purpose clause)→ Yiqtol: modal — desired outcomeבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel intensifies; subj is נַפְשִׁי; the soul-blessing.
נַפְשִׁ֖יmy soulN (c) sg cstr + 1cs suff · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Subject of תְּבָרֶכְךָנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life-breath, inner self'; full personal investment in blessing.
בְּטֶ֥רֶםbeforeprep בְּ + adv · טֶרֶם (H2962)Temporal prepositional phraseבְּטֶרֶם 'before (that)'; introduces the temporal limit — death as deadline.
אָמֽוּתI dieQal impf 1cs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (temporal clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective — anticipated future eventמוּת (H4191) 'to die'; the shadow of mortality motivates the entire scene.
5

וְרִבְקָ֣ה שֹׁמַ֔עַת בְּדַבֵּ֣ר יִצְחָ֔ק אֶל עֵשָׂ֖ו בְּנ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ עֵשָׂו֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לָצ֥וּד צַ֖יִד לְהָבִֽיא

And Rebekah was listening while Isaac spoke to Esau his son, and Esau went to the field to hunt game, to bring it.

Hidden hearing: Rebekah receives the plan that Esau goes to carry outוְרִבְקָ֣ה
The narrative pivots because Rebekah overhears what Isaac intends. Esau's departure creates the opening for counteraction within the house.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְרִבְקָ֣הand Rebekahconj וְ + proper noun · רִבְקָה (H7259)Subject of participial clauseרִבְקָה (H7259), Isaac's wife, Jacob's mother; key agent of counter-plot.
שֹׁמַ֔עַתwas listeningQal ptc f sg abs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate participle (progressive)→ Participle: ongoing action (progressive)שָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, listen'; ptc marks continuous overhearing while Isaac spoke.
בְּדַבֵּ֣רwhile spokeprep בְּ + Piel inf constr · דָּבַר (H1696)Temporal inf phrase (simultaneous)→ Infinitive: verbal noun of actionדָּבַר (H1696) 'to speak'; Piel inf constr with בְּ = 'while/in speaking.'
יִצְחָ֔קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of inf phraseיִצְחָק (H3327); subject of the inf clause — the one Rebekah overheard.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks addressee of Isaac's speech.
עֵשָׂ֖וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Object of prep אֶלעֵשָׂו (H6215); the intended recipient of Isaac's commission.
בְּנ֑וֹhis sonN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identifying Esau)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; apposition confirming Esau as Isaac's son.
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְand wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to go, walk'; Esau departs immediately, creating the opening.
עֵשָׂו֙Esauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of וַיֵּלֶךְעֵשָׂו (H6215); his departure is the condition of possibility for the deception.
הַשָּׂדֶ֔הto the fieldart + N m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Directional locativeשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'; his natural domain; his departure leaves the house open.
לָצ֥וּדto huntprep לְ + Qal inf constr · צוּד (H6679)Purpose infinitive phrase→ Infinitive: purposive actionצוּד (H6679) 'to hunt'; inf constr with לְ = purpose = 'in order to hunt.'
צַ֖יִדgameN m sg abs · צַיִד (H6718)Direct object of לָצוּדצַיִד (H6718) 'game, hunted prey'; what Esau pursues in the field.
לְהָבִֽיאto bring backprep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Purpose infinitive phrase (secondary)→ Infinitive: purposive actionבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; final purpose of the hunting expedition.
6

וְרִבְקָה֙ אָֽמְרָ֔ה אֶל יַעֲקֹ֥ב בְּנָ֖הּ לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙ אֶת אָבִ֔יךָ מְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶל עֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִ֖יךָ לֵאמֹֽר

And Rebekah spoke to Jacob her son, saying, "Behold, I heard your father speaking to Esau your brother, saying,"

Counter-plan begun: Rebekah brings the overheard intention to Jacobוְרִבְקָה֙
Rebekah acts immediately and privately. The household now splits into parallel lines of knowledge and intention.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְרִבְקָה֙and Rebekahconj וְ + proper noun · רִבְקָה (H7259)Subject of main clauseרִבְקָה (H7259); the narrative shifts fully to Rebekah's counter-initiative.
אָֽמְרָ֔הsaidQal perf 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed speech actאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the perf marks the definite completed act of speaking.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the addressee Jacob.
יַעֲקֹ֥בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Object of prep אֶליַעֲקֹב (H3290), Isaac's younger son; the one now drawn into the scheme.
בְּנָ֖הּher sonN m sg cstr + 3fs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identifying Jacob)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; apposition marking Jacob as Rebekah's son.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive of discourse introduction→ Infinitive: introduces direct speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; idiomatic לֵאמֹר = 'saying,' introducing direct speech.
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdparticle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle (dramatic)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'; calls Jacob's attention to what she overheard.
שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙I heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed act of hearingשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'; the hearing that sets the counter-plan in motion.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
אָבִ֔יךָyour fatherN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָב (H1)Direct object of שָׁמַעְתִּיאָב (H1) 'father'; the one whose words Rebekah overheard.
מְדַבֵּ֛רspeakingPiel ptc m sg abs · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate participle (object complement)→ Participle: ongoing speech actionדָּבַר (H1696) 'to speak'; Piel ptc in object-complement function after שָׁמַע.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to'; marks addressee of Isaac's speech.
עֵשָׂ֥וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Object of prep אֶלעֵשָׂו (H6215); Isaac was speaking to Esau, not Jacob.
אָחִ֖יךָyour brotherN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָח (H251)Appositive (identifying Esau)אָח (H251) 'brother'; reminding Jacob that Esau is his brother, not a stranger.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive of discourse introduction→ Infinitive: introduces reported speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; second לֵאמֹר introducing the actual words Isaac spoke.
7

הָבִ֨יאָה לִּ֥י צַ֛יִד וַעֲשֵׂה לִ֥י מַטְעַמִּ֖ים וְאֹכֵ֑לָה וַאֲבָרֶכְכָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י מוֹתִֽי

"Bring me game and make for me savory food, and I will eat and bless you before YHWH before my death."

Isaac's intention relayed: Rebekah restates the blessing plan in sacred termsהָבִ֨יאָה
The retelling sharpens the stakes by explicitly placing the blessing before YHWH. What is at stake is no mere domestic compliment.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הָבִ֨יאָהbringHiphil impv 2ms (paragogic he) · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: command to bring foodבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; paragogic he intensifies the command.
לִּ֥יto meprep לְ + 1cs suffIndirect object (recipient)לְ with 1cs suff = 'to me'; Isaac as intended recipient of the food.
צַ֛יִדgameN m sg abs · צַיִד (H6718)Direct object of הָבִיאָהצַיִד (H6718) 'game, hunted prey'; Isaac quotes his own request almost verbatim.
וַעֲשֵׂהand makeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to prepare foodעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; prepare the beloved dish.
לִ֥יfor meprep לְ + 1cs suffDative of benefitלְ with 1cs suff = 'for me.'
מַטְעַמִּ֖יםsavory foodN m pl abs · מַטְעַם (H4303)Direct object of וַעֲשֵׂהמַטְעַם (H4303) 'delicacy, savory dish'; the food Isaac craves.
וְאֹכֵ֑לָהso I may eatconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Cohortative of purpose→ Cohortative: volitional — intended actionאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; cohortative of purpose following the imperatives.
וַאֲבָרֶכְכָ֛הand I will bless youconj וְ + Piel cohortative 1cs + 2ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Conjoined cohortative (purpose sequence)→ Cohortative: solemn volitional intentבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel cohortative + suff; Rebekah adds 'before YHWH' not in v4.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N (c) pl cstr · פָּנִים (H6440)Temporal-locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face, presence'; לִפְנֵי = 'before, in the presence of.'
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of prep לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the divine name; Rebekah frames the blessing as sacred speech.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N (c) pl cstr · פָּנִים (H6440)Temporal prepositional phraseלִפְנֵי (H6440) 'before'; second use — temporal deadline = before my death.
מוֹתִֽיmy deathN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct genitiveמָוֶת (H4194) 'death'; genitive of time — the approaching end that drives urgency.
8

וְעַתָּ֥ה בְנִ֖י שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלִ֑י לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י מְצַוָּ֥ה אֹתָֽךְ

"And now, my son, listen to my voice according to what I command you."

Maternal authority asserted: Jacob is summoned to obedience under Rebekah's commandוְעַתָּ֥ה
Rebekah now takes command of the scene. Jacob is drawn into action by the same vocabulary of listening that marks decisive moments elsewhere in Genesis.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעַתָּ֥הand nowconj וְ + adv · עַתָּה (H6258)Transitional temporal adverbעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; same formula as v3; Rebekah now commands Jacob directly.
בְנִ֖יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; maternal vocative summoning Jacob to obedience.
שְׁמַ֣עlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: direct command to obeyשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, obey'; shema-language of decisive response to authority.
בְּקֹלִ֑יto my voiceprep בְּ + N m sg cstr + 1cs suff · קוֹל (H6963)Prepositional object (idiom for obedience)קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּ = 'listen to, obey'; maternal authority claimed.
לַאֲשֶׁ֥רaccording to whatprep לְ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (content of command)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'which, what'; introduces the specific content of Rebekah's command.
אֲנִ֖יIpers pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject of מְצַוָּה (emphatic)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'; emphatic independent pronoun stressing maternal authority.
מְצַוָּ֥הcommandPiel ptc f sg abs · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate participle (ongoing command)→ Participle: present commanding actionצָוָה (H6680) 'to command, charge'; Piel ptc = ongoing act of commanding.
אֹתָֽךְyouobj marker + 2ms suff · אֵת (H853)Direct object of מְצַוָּהאֵת (H853) with pronominal suff marks Jacob as the one commanded.
9

לֶךְ נָא֙ אֶל הַצֹּ֔אן וְקַֽח לִ֣י מִשָּׁ֗ם שְׁנֵ֛י גְּדָיֵ֥י עִזִּ֖ים טֹבִ֑ים וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֨ה אֹתָ֧ם מַטְעַמִּ֛ים לְאָבִ֖יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָהֵֽב

"Go now to the flock and bring me from there two good kids of the goats, and I will make them into savory food for your father such as he loves."

Substitute prepared: domestic provision will replace Esau's hunted gameלֶךְ
Rebekah's strategy depends on transforming house resources into a convincing substitute for Esau's field-prey.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
לֶךְgoQal impv 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: direct command to moveהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to go, walk'; first command of the execution sequence.
נָא֙pleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreatyנָא (H4994) softens the imperative with maternal appeal.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; direction of Jacob's errand.
הַצֹּ֔אןthe flockart + N (c) sg abs · צֹאן (H6629)Object of prep אֶלצֹאן (H6629) 'small cattle, flock'; domestic animals — the household's resource.
וְקַֽחand takeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to fetchלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, fetch'; the act of selecting the two kids.
לִ֣יfor meprep לְ + 1cs suffDative of benefitלְ with 1cs suff = 'for me'; Rebekah as the one who will prepare the dish.
מִשָּׁ֗םfrom thereprep מִן + adv · שָׁם (H8033)Source prepositional phraseשָׁם (H8033) 'there'; from that location = from among the flock.
שְׁנֵ֛יtwonum m du abs · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numerical quantifier (direct object)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; the dual number; two kids are needed for the dish.
גְּדָיֵ֥יkids ofN m pl cstr · גְּדִי (H1423)Construct head (direct object)גְּדִי (H1423) 'kid, young male goat'; in construct with עִזִּים.
עִזִּ֖יםgoatsN f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Construct genitive (species)עֵז (H5795) 'she-goat, goat'; genitive specifying the species of kid.
טֹבִ֑יםgoodadj m pl abs · טוֹב (H2896)Attributive adjectiveטוֹב (H2896) 'good, fine'; best animals from the flock for the deception dish.
וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֨הand I will makeconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Conjoined yiqtol (consequential)→ Yiqtol: future consequential actionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; Rebekah takes over the cooking herself.
אֹתָ֧םthemobj marker + 3mp suff · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + pronoun suffאֵת (H853) with 3mp suff referring back to the two kids.
מַטְעַמִּ֛יםsavory foodN m pl abs · מַטְעַם (H4303)Predicate complement (result object)מַטְעַם (H4303) 'delicacy'; Rebekah will transform the kids into Isaac's beloved dish.
לְאָבִ֖יךָfor your fatherprep לְ + N m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָב (H1)Dative of benefitאָב (H1) 'father'; the food is prepared for Isaac, addressed as 'your father' to Jacob.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רjust asprep כְּ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative relative clause markerכַּאֲשֶׁר 'as, according to'; introduces comparative standard of Isaac's taste.
אָהֵֽבhe lovesQal perf 3ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: stative persistent loveאָהַב (H157) 'to love'; Isaac's abiding personal preference — basis of the whole plan.
10

וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ לְאָבִ֖יךָ וְאָכָ֑ל בַּעֲבֻ֛ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְבָרֶכְךָ֖ לִפְנֵ֥י מוֹתֽוֹ

"And you shall bring it to your father, and he shall eat, so that he may bless you before his death."

Aim clarified: the deception is ordered toward securing the blessingוְהֵבֵאתָ֥
The plan is stated plainly. The goal is not simply to trick Isaac, but to obtain the blessing before death closes the moment.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְהֵבֵאתָ֥and you shall bringconj וְ + Hiphil weqatal 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Weqatal of instruction (consequential)→ Weqatal: sequential future obligationבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; weqatal continues the sequence.
לְאָבִ֖יךָto your fatherprep לְ + N m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָב (H1)Indirect object (recipient)אָב (H1) 'father'; Jacob is to deliver the food to Isaac.
וְאָכָ֑לand he shall eatconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Weqatal of narrative sequence (consequential)→ Weqatal: sequential future actionאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; Isaac eating is the prerequisite for the blessing.
בַּעֲבֻ֛רso thatprep בְּ + N m sg cstr · עֲבוּר (H5668)Purpose prepositionבַּעֲבוּר 'for the sake of, so that'; introduces the telic goal of the whole plan.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle (introducing purpose clause)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that, which'; links purpose clause to the antecedent.
יְבָרֶכְךָ֖he may bless youPiel impf 3ms + 2ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (purpose clause)→ Yiqtol: modal — desired outcomeבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel + suff; the entire deception aims at this moment.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N (c) pl cstr · פָּנִים (H6440)Temporal prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face, before'; temporal — the blessing must come before death.
מוֹתֽוֹhis deathN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct genitiveמָוֶת (H4194) 'death'; genitive — Isaac's death as the ultimate temporal boundary.
11

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֶל רִבְקָ֖ה אִמּ֑וֹ הֵ֣ן עֵשָׂ֤ו אָחִי֙ אִ֣ישׁ שָׂעִ֔ר וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִ֥ישׁ חָלָֽק

And Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, "Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a smooth man."

Practical objection raised: Jacob fears the bodily mismatch between himself and Esauוַיֹּ֣אמֶר
Jacob's first resistance is not moral revulsion but concern over plausibility. The body itself threatens to expose the scheme.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Jacob now speaks, raising an objection.
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריַעֲקֹב (H3290); his first response is practical fear, not moral refusal.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks Rebekah as the addressee.
רִבְקָ֖הRebekahproper noun · רִבְקָה (H7259)Object of prep אֶלרִבְקָה (H7259); the mother to whom Jacob voices his objection.
אִמּ֑וֹhis motherN f sg cstr + 3ms suff · אֵם (H517)Appositive (identifying Rebekah)אֵם (H517) 'mother'; apposition emphasizing the maternal relationship.
הֵ֣ןlookparticle · הֵן (H2005)Presentative particle (attention)הֵן (H2005) 'behold, look'; draws attention to an obvious fact.
עֵשָׂ֤וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of nominal clauseעֵשָׂו (H6215); the brother whose physical description creates the problem.
אָחִי֙my brotherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָח (H251)Appositive (identifying Esau)אָח (H251) 'brother'; Jacob identifies Esau as his own brother.
אִ֣ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Predicate of nominal clauseאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; begins the descriptive contrast between the brothers.
שָׂעִ֔רhairyadj m sg abs · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Attributive adjectiveשָׂעִיר (H8163) 'hairy, rough'; Esau's defining physical trait; cf. 25:25.
וְאָנֹכִ֖יand Iconj וְ + pers pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of contrasting nominal clauseאָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'; emphatic form; the contrast with Esau is the whole point.
אִ֥ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Predicate of contrasting nominal clauseאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; parallel structure with preceding; Jacob also is a man.
חָלָֽקsmoothadj m sg abs · חָלָק (H2509)Attributive adjectiveחָלָק (H2509) 'smooth'; Jacob's skin is the physical obstacle to the deception.
12

אוּלַ֤י יְמֻשֵּׁ֨נִי֙ אָבִ֔י וְהָיִ֥יתִי בְעֵינָ֖יו כִּמְתַעְתֵּ֑עַ וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י עָלַ֛י קְלָלָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א בְרָכָֽה

"Perhaps my father will feel me, and I shall seem in his eyes like a mocker, and I shall bring upon myself a curse and not a blessing."

Risk named: Jacob fears discovery, ridicule, and curseאוּלַ֤י
The danger is not merely failure but the inversion of blessing into curse. Jacob recognizes that deceptive access to sacred speech may recoil upon him.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אוּלַ֤יperhapsadverb · אוּלַי (H194)Modal adverb (uncertainty)אוּלַי (H194) 'perhaps, maybe'; introduces Jacob's fear of accidental exposure.
יְמֻשֵּׁ֨נִי֙will feel meQal impf 3ms + 1cs suff · מָשַׁשׁ (H4959)Predicate verb (conditional apodosis)→ Yiqtol: modal — feared possibilityמָשַׁשׁ (H4959) 'to feel, grope, touch'; Isaac's exploratory touch is Jacob's dread.
אָבִ֔יmy fatherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָב (H1)Subject of יְמֻשֵּׁנִיאָב (H1) 'father'; Isaac whose tactile examination could expose the fraud.
וְהָיִ֥יתִיand I will beconj וְ + Qal perf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Weqatal of consequence→ Perfective as sequential future consequenceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; perf + וְ = weqatal; consequential — 'then I will be.'
בְעֵינָ֖יוin his eyesprep בְּ + N (c) du cstr + 3ms suff · עַיִן (H5869)Locative prepositional phrase (perspective)עַיִן (H5869) 'eye'; בְּעֵינָיו = 'in his eyes' = in his estimation, judgment.
כִּמְתַעְתֵּ֑עַlike a mockerprep כְּ + Hitpael ptc m sg abs · תָּעַע (H8591)Predicate complement (comparative)→ Participle: characterization of roleתָּעַע (H8591) 'to mock, deceive'; Hitpael ptc = 'one who acts deceptively.'
וְהֵבֵאתִ֥יand I will bringconj וְ + Hiphil perf 1cs · בּוֹא (H935)Weqatal of consequence (further result)→ Sequential future consequenceבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; feared consequence: curse falls on me.
עָלַ֛יupon meprep עַל + 1cs suff · עַל (H5921)Directional-locative phrase (on myself)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; the curse would fall upon Jacob himself.
קְלָלָ֖הa curseN f sg abs · קְלָלָה (H7045)Direct object of וְהֵבֵאתִיקְלָלָה (H7045) 'curse'; the antithesis of בְּרָכָה; Jacob's fear is the inversion.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg particle · לֹא (H3808)Adversative conjunction + negationלֹא (H3808) 'not'; the feared outcome is curse rather than blessing.
בְרָכָֽהa blessingN f sg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Contrasting object (adversative)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; the desired outcome — the opposite of what Jacob fears.
13

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אִמּ֔וֹ עָלַ֥י קִלְלָתְךָ֖ בְּנִ֑י אַ֛ךְ שְׁמַ֥ע בְּקֹלִ֖י וְלֵ֥ךְ קַֽח לִֽי

And his mother said to him, "Upon me be your curse, my son; only listen to my voice, and go, bring them to me."

Liability assumed: Rebekah absorbs the threatened curse and presses the plan forwardוַתֹּ֤אמֶר
Rebekah answers Jacob's fear with remarkable intensity. She takes the threatened curse upon herself and turns again to the demand for obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַתֹּ֤אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Rebekah responds decisively to Jacob's fear.
לוֹ֙to himprep לְ + 3ms suffIndirect object (addressee)לְ with 3ms suff = 'to him'; directed back to Jacob.
אִמּ֔וֹhis motherN f sg cstr + 3ms suff · אֵם (H517)Subject (delayed, appositive function)אֵם (H517) 'mother'; subject identification for וַתֹּאמֶר.
עָלַ֥יupon meprep עַל + 1cs suff · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (fronted)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; fronted for emphasis — Rebekah volunteers to bear any curse.
קִלְלָתְךָ֖your curseN f sg cstr + 2ms suff · קְלָלָה (H7045)Subject of verbless clauseקְלָלָה (H7045) 'curse'; any curse resulting from Jacob's deception — Rebekah accepts it.
בְּנִ֑יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; maternal vocative; tenderness despite the intensity.
אַ֛ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Restrictive particleאַךְ (H389) 'only, surely'; restricts the demand — the only thing required is obedience.
שְׁמַ֥עlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: urgent command to obeyשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, obey'; the command returns: just listen to me.
בְּקֹלִ֖יto my voiceprep בְּ + N m sg cstr + 1cs suff · קוֹל (H6963)Prepositional object (idiom for obedience)קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּ = 'listen to, obey'; maternal authority.
וְלֵ֥ךְand goconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to proceedהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to go, walk'; resuming the sequence of commands.
קַֽחfetchQal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to takeלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, fetch'; getting the goats immediately after going.
לִֽיfor meprep לְ + 1cs suffDative of benefitלְ with 1cs suff = 'for me'; Rebekah takes over from here.
14

וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ וַיִּקַּ֔ח וַיָּבֵ֖א לְאִמּ֑וֹ וַתַּ֤עַשׂ אִמּוֹ֙ מַטְעַמִּ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָהֵ֥ב אָבִֽיו

And he went and took and brought them to his mother, and his mother made savory food such as his father loved.

Scheme enacted: Jacob obeys and Rebekah prepares the mealוַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙
Action now replaces debate. The deception takes material form in the prepared dish Isaac loves.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙and he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to go'; Jacob's obedience follows immediately.
וַיִּקַּ֔חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; the rapid three-fold wayyiqtol sequence mirrors decisive action.
וַיָּבֵ֖אand he broughtconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; Jacob completes the task swiftly.
לְאִמּ֑וֹto his motherprep לְ + N f sg cstr + 3ms suff · אֵם (H517)Indirect object (recipient)אֵם (H517) 'mother'; Jacob returns the animals to Rebekah who now takes charge.
וַתַּ֤עַשׂand she madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; Rebekah now executes the cooking herself.
אִמּוֹ֙his motherN f sg cstr + 3ms suff · אֵם (H517)Subject of וַתַּעַשׂאֵם (H517) 'mother'; emphatic restatement of subject; Rebekah is the agent.
מַטְעַמִּ֔יםsavory foodN m pl abs · מַטְעַם (H4303)Direct object of וַתַּעַשׂמַטְעַם (H4303) 'delicacy, savory dish'; the pivotal food that will secure the blessing.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רjust asprep כְּ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative relative clause markerכַּאֲשֶׁר 'as, according to'; food prepared to match Isaac's exact preference.
אָהֵ֥בlovedQal perf 3ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: stative enduring loveאָהַב (H157) 'to love'; stative perf describes Isaac's abiding taste.
אָבִֽיוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Subject of אָהֵבאָב (H1) 'father'; Isaac, whose taste determines the deception's requirements.
15

וַתִּקַּ֣ח רִ֠בְקָה אֶת בִּגְדֵ֨י עֵשָׂ֜ו בְּנָ֤הּ הַגָּדֹל֙ הַחֲמֻדֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּ֖הּ בַּבָּ֑יִת וַתַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֶֽת יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּנָ֥הּ הַקָּטָֽן

And Rebekah took the garments of Esau her older son, the desirable ones that were with her in the house, and clothed Jacob her younger son.

Identity transferred: Esau's garments are placed upon Jacobוַתִּקַּ֣ח
Rebekah equips Jacob with Esau's scent and social presence. Clothing becomes one of the decisive instruments of deception.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַתִּקַּ֣חand she tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; Rebekah now addresses the sensory disguise.
רִ֠בְקָהRebekahproper noun · רִבְקָה (H7259)Subject of וַתִּקַּחרִבְקָה (H7259); her agency in the deception is explicit throughout.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
בִּגְדֵ֨יgarments ofN m pl cstr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of וַתִּקַּח (construct)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment, clothing'; Esau's clothes carry his distinctive scent.
עֵשָׂ֜וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Construct genitive (possessor)עֵשָׂו (H6215); his garments, saturated with field-smell, are the olfactory disguise.
בְּנָ֤הּher sonN m sg cstr + 3fs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identifying Esau)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; apposition emphasizing that Esau is also her son.
הַגָּדֹל֙the olderart + adj m sg abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective (appositive)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, older'; identifying which son's garments are taken.
הַחֲמֻדֹ֔תthe desirable onesart + N f pl abs · חֶמְדָּה (H2532)Attributive appositiveחֶמְדָּה (H2532) 'desirable things'; the best garments, likely kept for special occasions.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle (modifying garments)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'which, that'; introduces descriptive relative clause.
אִתָּ֖הּwith herprep אֵת + 3fs suff · אֵת (H854)Locative prepositional phraseאֵת (H854) 'with'; Rebekah had kept these clothes; in her keeping.
בַּבָּ֑יִתin the houseprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Locative prepositional phraseבַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; the domestic space where the deception is planned.
וַתַּלְבֵּ֥שׁand she clothedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'to wear'; Hiphil = 'to clothe another'; Rebekah dresses Jacob as Esau.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יַעֲקֹ֖בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Direct object of וַתַּלְבֵּשׁיַעֲקֹב (H3290); the one whose identity is now externally replaced.
בְּנָ֥הּher sonN m sg cstr + 3fs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identifying Jacob)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; apposition — Jacob is equally her son.
הַקָּטָֽןthe youngerart + adj m sg abs · קָטָן (H6996)Attributive adjective (appositive)קָטָן (H6996) 'small, younger'; the younger son who will receive the elder's blessing.
16

וְאֵ֗ת עֹרֹת֙ גְּדָיֵ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֔ים הִלְבִּ֖ישָׁה עַל יָדָ֑יו וְעַ֖ל חֶלְקַ֥ת צַוָּארָֽיו

And the skins of the kids of the goats she put upon his hands and upon the smooth part of his neck.

Tactile disguise added: Jacob is fitted for Isaac's touchוְאֵ֗ת
The plan now anticipates Isaac's testing hand. The bodily mismatch of verse 11 is answered by crafted tactile substitution.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאֵ֗תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת (H853) with conj וְ marks the second direct object — the goat skins.
עֹרֹת֙skins ofN m pl cstr · עוֹר (H5785)Direct object (construct head)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; the goat skins that simulate Esau's hairiness.
גְּדָיֵ֣יthe kids ofN m pl cstr · גְּדִי (H1423)Construct genitiveגְּדִי (H1423) 'kid, young goat'; the same animals Rebekah cooked.
הָֽעִזִּ֔יםthe goatsart + N f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Construct genitive (species)עֵז (H5795) 'she-goat, goat'; specifies the animal whose skins are used.
הִלְבִּ֖ישָׁהshe put onHiphil perf 3fs · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed act of dressingלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'to wear'; Hiphil = 'to clothe, put on'; the tactile disguise applied.
עַלuponprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositionעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; marks placement on the hands and neck.
יָדָ֑יוhis handsN (c) du cstr + 3ms suff · יָד (H3027)Object of prep עַליָד (H3027) 'hand'; the hands Isaac would feel to distinguish Esau from Jacob.
וְעַ֖לand uponconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Conjoined locative prepositionעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; second location — the smooth part of the neck.
חֶלְקַ֥תsmooth part ofN f sg cstr · חֶלְקָה (H2513)Object of conjoined prep (construct)חֶלְקָה (H2513) 'smooth portion, flatness'; cstr with צַוָּאר = smooth of neck.
צַוָּארָֽיוhis neckN m pl cstr + 3ms suff · צַוָּאר (H6677)Construct genitiveצַוָּאר (H6677) 'neck'; the exposed skin tested by Isaac's touch.
17

וַתִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת הַמַּטְעַמִּ֛ים וְאֶת הַלֶּ֖חֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑תָה בְּיַ֖ד יַעֲקֹ֥ב בְּנָֽהּ

And she gave the savory food and the bread that she had made into the hand of Jacob her son.

Approach equipped: Jacob receives the meal and the roleוַתִּתֵּ֧ן
The deception is complete in preparation. Jacob now carries both the food and the borrowed identity into Isaac's presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַתִּתֵּ֧ןand she gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; Rebekah hands over the prepared materials.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַמַּטְעַמִּ֛יםthe savory foodart + N m pl abs · מַטְעַם (H4303)Direct object of וַתִּתֵּןמַטְעַם (H4303) 'delicacy'; the prepared dish that will deceive Isaac.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת (H853) with conj וְ marks second object — the bread.
הַלֶּ֖חֶםthe breadart + N (c) sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Conjoined direct objectלֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread, food'; supplementary food accompanying the savory dish.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle (modifying bread)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'which'; introduces the relative clause specifying the bread.
עָשָׂ֑תָהshe had madeQal perf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed preparationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; Rebekah made both the savory food and the bread.
בְּיַ֖דinto the hand ofprep בְּ + N (c) sg cstr · יָד (H3027)Instrumental/recipient prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'; בְּיַד = 'into the hand of' — formal act of transferring.
יַעֲקֹ֥בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Object of prep בְּיַדיַעֲקֹב (H3290); now fully equipped with food and disguise.
בְּנָֽהּher sonN m sg cstr + 3fs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identifying Jacob)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; apposition — Rebekah sends her own son into the dangerous encounter.
18

וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל אָבִ֖יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָבִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הִנֶּ֔נִּי מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה בְּנִֽי

And he came to his father and said, "My father," and he said, "Here I am; who are you, my son?"

Encounter begun: Jacob enters and Isaac immediately seeks identificationוַיָּבֹ֥א
The first words inside the tent establish uncertainty. Isaac's question already shows that recognition is not simple.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיָּבֹ֥אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; Jacob enters the decisive encounter.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; direction of Jacob's approach.
אָבִ֖יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Object of prep אֶלאָב (H1) 'father'; Jacob now enters Isaac's presence in Esau's borrowed identity.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Jacob initiates with a single word of address.
אָבִ֑יmy fatherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָב (H1)Vocative addressאָב (H1) 'father'; the simple vocative identifies Jacob without revealing him.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac's response is immediate and penetrating.
הִנֶּ֔נִּיhere I amparticle הִנֵּה + 1cs suff · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle (response)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'; with 1cs suff = 'here am I'; Isaac signals attention.
מִ֥יwhointerrog pron · מִי (H4310)Interrogative predicateמִי (H4310) 'who'; Isaac's first question — identity is immediately at issue.
אַתָּ֖הare youpers pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject of interrogative clauseאַתָּה (H859) 'you'; Isaac does not recognize the visitor by voice.
בְּנִֽיmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; Isaac asks with gentle paternal uncertainty.
19

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶל אָבִ֗יו אָנֹכִי֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּכֹרֶ֔ךָ עָשִׂ֕יתִי כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֵלָ֑י קֽוּם נָ֣א שְׁבָ֗ה וְאָכְלָה֙ מִצֵּידִ֔י בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ

And Jacob said to his father, "I am Esau your firstborn; I have done as you told me. Rise, please, sit and eat from my game, that your soul may bless me."

Direct lie spoken: Jacob claims Esau's place and requests the blessingוַיֹּ֨אמֶר
Jacob does not merely conceal; he explicitly claims to be Esau. The deception targets the very structure of Isaac's paternal intention.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Jacob launches his explicit identity claim.
יַעֲקֹ֜בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריַעֲקֹב (H3290); named by narrator though he is claiming to be Esau.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks Isaac as addressee of the lie.
אָבִ֗יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Object of prep אֶלאָב (H1) 'father'; Jacob speaks to his own father while deceiving him.
אָנֹכִי֙I ampers pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Subject of verbless identity clauseאָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'; emphatic form; the false identity claim begins.
עֵשָׂ֣וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Predicate of verbless clauseעֵשָׂו (H6215); the name Jacob falsely claims; the lie is direct and unambiguous.
בְּכֹרֶ֔ךָyour firstbornN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · בְּכֹר (H1060)Appositive (supporting the false identity)בְּכֹר (H1060) 'firstborn'; underscores the status Jacob falsely claims.
עָשִׂ֕יתִיI have doneQal perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (new clause)→ Perfective: completed task reportedעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; Jacob reports as Esau that the task is complete.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רjust asprep כְּ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative relative clause markerכַּאֲשֶׁר 'as, according to'; Jacob claims exact obedience to Isaac's words.
דִּבַּ֖רְתָּyou told mePiel perf 2ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed speech recalledדָּבַר (H1696) 'to speak'; Piel; Jacob invokes Isaac's own words as authority.
אֵלָ֑יto meprep אֶל + 1cs suff · אֵל (H413)Indirect object (addressee)אֶל (H413) 'to'; Jacob presents himself as the one Isaac commissioned.
קֽוּםriseQal impv 2ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: command to prepare for blessingקוּם (H6965) 'to arise, stand'; summons Isaac to the solemn posture for blessing.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreatyנָא (H4994) softens the imperative with filial respect.
שְׁבָ֗הsitQal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · יָשַׁב (H3427)Conjoined imperative (paragogic he)→ Volitional: command to settle and eatיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell'; paragogic he; sit down to eat the meal.
וְאָכְלָה֙and eatconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · אָכַל (H398)Conjoined imperative (paragogic he)→ Volitional: command to eatאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the meal is the prerequisite for the blessing.
מִצֵּידִ֔יfrom my gameprep מִן + N m sg cstr + 1cs suff · צַיִד (H6718)Source prepositional phraseצַיִד (H6718) 'game, hunt'; Jacob presents the goat dish as his own hunted game.
בַּעֲב֖וּרso thatprep בְּ + N m sg cstr · עֲבוּר (H5668)Purpose prepositionבַּעֲבוּר 'for the sake of, so that'; the goal is the blessing.
תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּיmay bless mePiel impf 3fs + 1cs suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (purpose clause)→ Yiqtol: modal — desired outcomeבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; subject is נַפְשֶׁךָ; the soul-blessing is the goal.
נַפְשֶֽׁךָyour soulN (c) sg cstr + 2ms suff · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Subject of תְּבָרֲכַנִּינֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life-breath'; Isaac's inner self as the seat of blessing.
20

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶל בְּנ֔וֹ מַה זֶּ֛ה מִהַ֥רְתָּ לִמְצֹ֖א בְּנִ֑י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י הִקְרָ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְפָנָֽי

And Isaac said to his son, "How is it that you have found it so quickly, my son?" And he said, "Because YHWH your God made it happen before me."

Suspicion stirred: Isaac wonders at the speed, and Jacob invokes YHWHוַיֹּ֤אמֶר
The quick success troubles Isaac, and Jacob strengthens the deception with a pious explanation. The invocation of YHWH intensifies the moral gravity of the lie.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac raises suspicion at the unusual speed.
יִצְחָק֙Isaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריִצְחָק (H3327); the blind patriarch whose question could expose the fraud.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; Isaac addresses the one he takes to be his son.
בְּנ֔וֹhis sonN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · בֵּן (H1121)Object of prep אֶלבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; Isaac still cannot identify which son has come.
מַהhowinterrog pron · מָה (H4100)Interrogative predicateמָה (H4100) 'what, how'; interrogative expressing Isaac's puzzlement.
זֶּ֛הthisdem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Predicate of interrogative clauseזֶה (H2088) 'this'; מַה זֶּה = 'how is this?' pointing to the anomaly.
מִהַ֥רְתָּyou hurriedPiel perf 2ms · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed action of hasteמָהַר (H4116) 'to hasten'; Piel = 'to hurry'; the speed raises Isaac's suspicion.
לִמְצֹ֖אto findprep לְ + Qal inf constr · מָצָא (H4672)Purpose infinitive phrase→ Infinitive: action in viewמָצָא (H4672) 'to find'; inf constr with לְ = purpose = 'in order to find game.'
בְּנִ֑יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; paternal vocative while questioning suspicious speed.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Jacob deepens the deception with a pious explanation.
כִּ֥יbecauseconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunctionכִּי (H3588) 'because'; introduces the false pious reason for the speed.
הִקְרָ֛הcaused to happenHiphil perf 3ms · קָרָה (H7136)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: completed providential actקָרָה (H7136) 'to meet, happen'; Hiphil = 'to cause to happen'; Jacob invokes YHWH.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of הִקְרָהיְהוָה (H3068); Jacob's lie is gravest here — YHWH invoked to support deception.
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN m pl cstr + 2ms suff · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Appositive (identifying YHWH)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; Jacob says 'your God,' distancing himself from the claim.
לְפָנָֽיbefore meprep לְ + N (c) pl cstr + 1cs suff · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face, presence'; לְפָנַי = 'before me, into my path'; providential framing.
21

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִצְחָק֙ אֶֽל יַעֲקֹ֔ב גְּשָׁה נָּ֥א וַאֲמֻֽשְׁךָ֖ בְּנִ֑י הַֽאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֛ה בְּנִ֥י עֵשָׂ֖ו אִם לֹֽא

And Isaac said to Jacob, "Come near, please, that I may feel you, my son, whether you are really my son Esau or not."

Test proposed: Isaac turns from hearing to touch for discernmentוַיֹּ֤אמֶר
Isaac's uncertainty now becomes procedural. Since speech has not settled identity, he seeks truth through touch.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac proposes tactile verification.
יִצְחָק֙Isaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריִצְחָק (H3327); still uncertain despite Jacob's answer, he turns to touch.
אֶֽלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; Isaac addresses the person before him.
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Object of prep אֶליַעֲקֹב (H3290); the narrator names him Jacob though Isaac does not know who it is.
גְּשָׁהcome nearQal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: command to approachנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'to draw near'; paragogic he; come within reach for the tactile test.
נָּ֥אpleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreatyנָא (H4994) softens the command into a request.
וַאֲמֻֽשְׁךָ֖so I may feel youconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs + 2ms suff · מָשַׁשׁ (H4184)Conjoined cohortative (purpose)→ Cohortative: volitional purposeמָשַׁשׁ (H4184) 'to feel by touch'; cohort = Isaac's intended act of verification.
בְּנִ֑יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; paternal endearment in the midst of uncertainty.
הַֽאַתָּ֥הare you reallyinterrog particle + pers pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Interrogative clause markerהֲ interrogative + אַתָּה (H859) 'you'; direct question about identity.
זֶ֛הthis onedem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Predicate of interrogative clauseזֶה (H2088) 'this'; the question is whether this person is really Esau.
בְּנִ֥יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Construct phrase (appositive)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; 'my son Esau' — the identity being queried.
עֵשָׂ֖וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Appositive (completing identity question)עֵשָׂו (H6215); the name at the center of Isaac's uncertainty.
אִםorconj · אִם (H518)Disjunctive conjunctionאִם (H518) 'or, if'; introduces the alternative — 'or not?'
לֹֽאnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative (disjunctive alternative)לֹא (H3808) 'not'; the alternative to being Esau — 'or is it not?'
22

וַיִּגַּ֧שׁ יַעֲקֹ֛ב אֶל יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו וַיְמֻשֵּׁ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַקֹּל֙ ק֣וֹל יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְהַיָּדַ֖יִם יְדֵ֥י עֵשָֽׂו

And Jacob came near to Isaac his father, and he felt him and said, "The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau."

Conflicting evidence: Isaac encounters divided sensory testimonyוַיִּגַּ֧שׁ
This is the narrative's defining line of sensory confusion. Voice and hands point in different directions, and Isaac cannot reconcile them.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּגַּ֧שׁand he drew nearconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'to draw near'; Jacob approaches for Isaac's tactile examination.
יַעֲקֹ֛בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Subject of וַיִּגַּשׁיַעֲקֹב (H3290); named by narrator even as he impersonates his brother.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks Isaac as the one approached.
יִצְחָ֥קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Object of prep אֶליִצְחָק (H3327); the blind father who will now feel what he cannot see.
אָבִ֖יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Appositive (identifying Isaac)אָב (H1) 'father'; appositive underlining the father-son relationship at stake.
וַיְמֻשֵּׁ֑הוּand he felt himconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suff · מָשַׁשׁ (H4959)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָשַׁשׁ (H4959) 'to feel, touch'; Isaac performs the tactile test he requested.
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac speaks his confused conclusion.
הַקֹּל֙the voiceart + N m sg abs · קוֹל (H6963)Subject of nominal clauseקוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; Isaac's ear contradicts his hand; voice = Jacob.
ק֣וֹלthe voice ofN m sg cstr · קוֹל (H6963)Predicate (construct head)קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; construct predicate = 'is Jacob's voice.'
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Construct genitiveיַעֲקֹב (H3290); Isaac's ear correctly identifies the voice as Jacob's.
וְהַיָּדַ֖יִםbut the handsconj וְ + art + N (c) du abs · יָד (H3027)Contrastive subject (adversative conj)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; the hands point the opposite direction from the voice.
יְדֵ֥יthe hands ofN (c) du cstr · יָד (H3027)Predicate (construct head)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; construct predicate — 'are the hands of Esau.'
עֵשָֽׂוEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Construct genitiveעֵשָׂו (H6215); Isaac's touch confirms what his ear doubted — the disguise works.
23

וְלֹ֣א הִכִּיר֔וֹ כִּֽי הָי֣וּ יָדָ֗יו כִּידֵ֛י עֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִ֖יו שְׂעִרֹ֑ת וַֽיְבָרְכֵֽהוּ

And he did not recognize him, because his hands were hairy like the hands of Esau his brother; and he blessed him.

Misrecognition resolved falsely: tactile likeness overrides vocal doubtוְלֹ֣א
The deception succeeds because bodily simulation defeats paternal recognition. The blessing process begins under false assurance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְלֹ֣אand he did notconj וְ + neg particle · לֹא (H3808)Adversative conjunction + negationלֹא (H3808) 'not'; negates הִכִּירוֹ — the recognition fails.
הִכִּיר֔וֹrecognize himHiphil perf 3ms + 3ms suff · נָכַר (H5234)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed failed recognitionנָכַר (H5234) 'to recognize'; Hiphil = 'to regard, discern'; the deception succeeds.
כִּֽיbecauseconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunctionכִּי (H3588) 'because'; introduces the reason for the failed recognition.
הָי֣וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (causal clause)→ Perfective: completed state of likenessהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; the state of his hands = hairy like Esau's.
יָדָ֗יוhis handsN (c) du cstr + 3ms suff · יָד (H3027)Subject of הָיוּיָד (H3027) 'hand'; Jacob's hands disguised with goat skin.
כִּידֵ֛יlike the hands ofprep כְּ + N (c) du cstr · יָד (H3027)Comparative prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'; the comparison that caused the misidentification.
עֵשָׂ֥וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Construct genitiveעֵשָׂו (H6215); the standard of comparison — Esau's genuinely hairy hands.
אָחִ֖יוhis brotherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָח (H251)Appositive (identifying Esau)אָח (H251) 'brother'; apposition — the narrator underlines the fraternal irony.
שְׂעִרֹ֑תhairyadj f pl abs · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Predicate adjective (describing hands)שָׂעִיר (H8163) 'hairy'; plural feminine form agreeing with the hairy texture.
וַֽיְבָרְכֵֽהוּand he blessed himconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel + suff; the blessing begins — irrevocably.
24

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י עֵשָׂ֑ו וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָֽנִי

And he said, "Are you really my son Esau?" And he said, "I am."

Final identity claim: Jacob confirms the false persona againוַיֹּ֕אמֶר
Even after tactile testing, Isaac asks once more. Jacob seals the deception with a second unqualified claim.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac pauses to ask one final identity question.
אַתָּ֥הare youpers pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject of interrogative clauseאַתָּה (H859) 'you'; Isaac addresses the one he has just touched.
זֶ֖הreallydem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Predicate of interrogative clauseזֶה (H2088) 'this'; 'are you this one?' — a last chance for the truth.
בְּנִ֣יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Construct phrase (appositive)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; 'my son Esau' — the identity at stake.
עֵשָׂ֑וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Appositive (completing identity question)עֵשָׂו (H6215); one final test before the solemn blessing proceeds.
וַיֹּ֖אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Jacob's response is two words, brief and devastating.
אָֽנִיI ampers pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Predicate (verbless identity clause)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'; the second and final lie — unambiguous confirmation.
25

וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַגִּ֤שָׁה לִּי֙ וְאֹֽכְלָה֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנִ֔י לְמַ֥עַן תְּבָֽרֶכְךָ֖ נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיַּגֶּשׁ לוֹ֙ וַיֹּאכַ֔ל וַיָּ֧בֵא ל֦וֹ יַ֖יִן וַיֵּֽשְׁתְּ

And he said, "Bring it near to me, and I will eat from my son's game, so that my soul may bless you." And he brought it near to him, and he ate, and he brought him wine, and he drank.

Meal completed: Isaac eats and drinks before blessingוַיֹּ֗אמֶר
The sensory sequence advances toward irrevocable speech. Food and wine secure the paternal setting in which the blessing will proceed.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac now commands the food to be brought.
הַגִּ֤שָׁהbring nearHiphil impv 2ms (paragogic he) · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: command to present foodנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'to draw near'; Hiphil = 'to bring near'; paragogic he intensifies.
לִּי֙to meprep לְ + 1cs suffIndirect object (recipient)לְ with 1cs suff = 'to me'; Isaac receives what he believes is Esau's game.
וְאֹֽכְלָה֙and I will eatconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Conjoined cohortative (purpose)→ Cohortative: volitional eating before blessingאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; cohortative = volitional anticipation of eating.
מִצֵּ֣ידfrom the game ofprep מִן + N m sg cstr · צַיִד (H6718)Source prepositional phraseצַיִד (H6718) 'game, hunt'; Isaac calls the goat dish 'my son's game.'
בְּנִ֔יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Construct genitiveבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; Isaac addresses Jacob as his son — without knowing which son.
לְמַ֥עַןso thatprep לְ + N (c) sg abs · מַעַן (H4616)Purpose prepositionלְמַעַן (H4616) 'in order that, so that'; introduces the goal — the soul-blessing.
תְּבָֽרֶכְךָ֖may bless youPiel impf 3fs + 2ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (purpose clause)→ Yiqtol: modal — desired outcomeבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; subject is נַפְשִׁי; soul-blessing echoes the request form.
נַפְשִׁ֑יmy soulN (c) sg cstr + 1cs suff · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Subject of תְּבָרֶכְךָנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life'; the inner self as the agent of blessing-speech.
וַיַּגֶּשׁand he brought nearconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'to draw near'; Hiphil = 'to present'; Jacob presents the food.
לוֹ֙to himprep לְ + 3ms suffIndirect object (recipient)לְ with 3ms suff = 'to him'; the food presented to Isaac.
וַיֹּאכַ֔לand he ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the eating that precedes the solemn blessing.
וַיָּ֧בֵאand he broughtconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; Jacob also brings wine.
ל֦וֹto himprep לְ + 3ms suffIndirect object (recipient)לְ with 3ms suff; wine served to Isaac as part of the full banquet.
יַ֖יִןwineN m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Direct object of וַיָּבֵאיַיִן (H3196) 'wine'; wine completes the banquet setting before the blessing.
וַיֵּֽשְׁתְּand he drankconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁתָה (H8354)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'; the drinking seals the completed meal — now the blessing.
26

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו גְּשָׁה נָּ֥א וּשְׁקָה לִּ֖י בְּנִֽי

And Isaac his father said to him, "Come near, please, and kiss me, my son."

Smell invited: Isaac seeks one last confirming nearnessוַיֹּ֥אמֶר
The scene narrows to bodily proximity. Isaac now moves from touch and hearing to the intimacy of smell.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac now invites his son to come and kiss him.
אֵלָ֖יוto himprep אֵל + 3ms suff · אֵל (H413)Indirect object (addressee)אֵל (H413) 'to'; prep with 3ms suff addresses the one present before Isaac.
יִצְחָ֣קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריִצְחָק (H3327); Isaac requests the final physical closeness before blessing.
אָבִ֑יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Appositive (identifying Isaac)אָב (H1) 'father'; appositive — narrator emphasizes the father-son bond being exploited.
גְּשָׁהcome nearQal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: command for final proximityנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'to draw near'; paragogic he; come close for the kiss.
נָּ֥אpleaseparticle of entreaty · נָא (H4994)Particle of entreatyנָא (H4994) softens — Isaac beckons gently.
וּשְׁקָהand kissconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms (paragogic he) · נָשַׁק (H5401)Conjoined imperative→ Volitional: command to kissנָשַׁק (H5401) 'to kiss'; paragogic he; the kiss allows Isaac to smell the garments.
לִּ֖יmeprep לְ + 1cs suffIndirect/recipient object (kiss recipient)לְ with 1cs suff; נָשַׁק לְ = idiom 'to kiss.'
בְּנִֽיmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; final paternal vocative before the olfactory test.
27

וַיִּגַּשׁ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק ל֔וֹ וַיָּ֛רַח אֶת רֵ֥יחַ בְּגָדָ֖יו וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רְאֵה֙ רֵ֣יחַ בְּנִ֔י כְּרֵ֣יחַ שָׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכ֖וֹ יְהוָֽה

And he came near and kissed him, and he smelled the smell of his garments, and he blessed him and said, "See, the smell of my son is like the smell of a field that YHWH has blessed."

Field-scent accepted: Esau's garments complete the deception and release the blessingוַיִּגַּשׁ֙
The garments carry the field-world Isaac associates with Esau. Smell becomes the final persuasive sign that opens the blessing itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיִּגַּשׁ֙and he drew nearconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'to draw near'; Jacob obeys — the critical proximity.
וַיִּשַּׁקand he kissedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָשַׁק (H5401)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשַׁק (H5401) 'to kiss'; the kiss that permits Isaac to smell Esau's garments.
ל֔וֹhimprep לְ + 3ms suffObject of kiss (idiom)לְ with 3ms suff; נָשַׁק לְ = 'to kiss someone.'
וַיָּ֛רַחand he smelledconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · רוּחַ (H7306)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּחַ (H7306) 'to smell'; Isaac's final sensory test — smell is the decisive one.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
רֵ֥יחַthe smell ofN m sg cstr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Direct object (construct head)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'smell, scent'; the smell of the field-garments was Esau's marker.
בְּגָדָ֖יוhis garmentsN m pl cstr + 3ms suff · בֶּגֶד (H899)Construct genitiveבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; Esau's field-clothes carried the smell Isaac associated with him.
וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֑הוּand he blessed himconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel + suff; the smell triggers the irrevocable blessing.
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol introducing direct speech (blessing)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the blessing speech begins — the most solemn moment of the chapter.
רְאֵה֙seeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate imperative (invitational)→ Volitional: invitation to perceiveרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; imperative opening the blessing — 'behold!'
רֵ֣יחַthe smell ofN m sg cstr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Subject of nominal clauseרֵיחַ (H7381) 'smell'; the scent that unlocked Isaac's blessing.
בְּנִ֔יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Construct genitive (possessive)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; 'my son's smell' — Isaac speaks as though addressing Esau.
כְּרֵ֣יחַlike the smell ofprep כְּ + N m sg cstr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Comparative prepositional phraseרֵיחַ (H7381) 'smell'; comparative — Jacob's smell equals a field blessed by YHWH.
שָׂדֶ֔הa fieldN m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct genitive (field)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'; the open landscape Esau's clothes carried and Isaac loved.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle (modifying field)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'which'; introduces the relative clause about YHWH's blessing.
בֵּרֲכ֖וֹYHWH blessed itPiel perf 3ms + 3ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed divine blessingבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel + suff; YHWH as the one who blessed the field.
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of בֵּרֲכוֹיְהוָה (H3068); the divine name grounds the blessing in sacred landscape.
28

וְיִֽתֶּן לְךָ֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מִטַּל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּמִשְׁמַנֵּ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹ֥ב דָּגָ֖ן וְתִירֹֽשׁ

"And may God give you from the dew of the heavens and from the fatness of the earth, and an abundance of grain and new wine."

Blessing spoken: fertility and abundance are bestowedוְיִֽתֶּן
The blessing opens with cosmic and agricultural plenty. Dew, fatness, grain, and wine place Jacob under abundance from above and below.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְיִֽתֶּןand may giveconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Jussive of blessing (opening prayer)→ Jussive: solemn wish for divine provisionנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; jussive expresses the wish — may God bestow these gifts.
לְךָ֙to youprep לְ + 2ms suffIndirect object (recipient of blessing)לְ with 2ms suff; Jacob (as Esau) is addressed as the blessing recipient.
הָאֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subject of וְיִתֶּןאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; with art = 'the God'; Isaac invokes divine generosity.
מִטַּל֙from the dew ofprep מִן + N m sg cstr · טַל (H2919)Source prepositional phrase (first gift)טַל (H2919) 'dew'; the dew from heaven = abundance from above.
הַשָּׁמַ֔יִםthe heavensart + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct genitiveשָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens, sky'; dew from the heavens = celestial provision.
וּמִשְׁמַנֵּ֖יand from the fatness ofconj וְ + prep מִן + N m pl cstr · שֶׁמֶן (H4924)Conjoined source prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H4924) 'fatness, richness'; the richness of the earth = agricultural wealth.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe earthart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct genitiveאֶרֶץ (H776) 'earth, land'; provision from below echoes provision from above.
וְרֹ֥בand abundance ofconj וְ + N (c) sg cstr · רֹב (H7230)Conjoined object (third gift)רֹב (H7230) 'abundance, multitude'; great plenty of grain and wine.
דָּגָ֖ןgrainN m sg abs · דָּגָן (H1715)Construct genitive (first element)דָּגָן (H1715) 'grain, corn'; the staple cereal crop.
וְתִירֹֽשׁand new wineconj וְ + N m sg abs · תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492)Conjoined genitive (second element)תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492) 'new wine, must'; the pair grain and wine = complete agricultural bounty.
29

יַֽעַבְד֣וּךָ עַמִּ֗ים וישתחו וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֤וּ לְךָ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים הֱוֵ֤ה גְבִיר֙ לְאַחֶ֔יךָ וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְךָ֖ בְּנֵ֣י אִמֶּ֑ךָ אֹרְרֶ֣יךָ אָר֔וּר וּֽמְבָרֲכֶ֖יךָ בָּרֽוּךְ

"Let peoples serve you and nations bow down to you. Be lord over your brothers, and let your mother's sons bow down to you. Cursed be those who curse you, and blessed be those who bless you."

Dominion added: mastery and the patriarchal curse-blessing formula are attached to Jacobיַֽעַבְד֣וּךָ
The blessing moves from material abundance to rule, including dominance over kin and the classic Abrahamic blessing-curse polarity.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
יַֽעַבְד֣וּךָlet serve youQal jussive 3mp + 2ms suff · עָבַד (H5647)Jussive of blessing (political dominion)→ Jussive: solemn wish for subjugation of nationsעָבַד (H5647) 'to serve, work'; jussive: may peoples serve you.
עַמִּ֗יםpeoplesN m pl abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of יַעַבְדוּךָעַם (H5971) 'people, nation'; international scope of the blessing.
וישתחוand bow downconj וְ + Hishtaphel jussive 3ms · שָׁחָה (H7812)Conjoined jussive (singular, sg textual variant)→ Jussive: solemn wish for obeisanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'to bow down, worship'; Hishtaphel = prostrate oneself before you.
וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֤וּand bow downconj וְ + Hishtaphel jussive 3mp · שָׁחָה (H7812)Conjoined jussive (pl — primary reading)→ Jussive: solemn wish for obeisanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'to bow down'; plural jussive — nations bow before you.
לְךָ֙to youprep לְ + 2ms suffIndirect object (recipient of obeisance)לְ with 2ms suff; Jacob-as-Esau is the one before whom nations bow.
לְאֻמִּ֔יםnationsN m pl abs · לְאֹם (H3816)Subject of וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּלְאֹם (H3816) 'people, nation'; parallel to עַמִּים; full scope of nations.
הֱוֵ֤הbeQal impv 2ms · הָיָה (H1933)Predicate imperative (command to rule)→ Volitional: command to assume lordshipהָיָה (H1933) archaic form; 'be lord' — the blessing becomes direct command.
גְבִיר֙lordN m sg abs · גָּבִיר (H1376)Predicate complement of הֱוֵהגָּבִיר (H1376) 'lord, master'; cf. the fem. גְּבִירָה; lordship over his kin.
לְאַחֶ֔יךָover your brothersprep לְ + N m pl cstr + 2ms suff · אָח (H251)Object of גָּבִיר (domain)אָח (H251) 'brother'; the blessing explicitly bestows rule over his kin.
וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּand let bow downconj וְ + Hishtaphel jussive 3mp · שָׁחָה (H7812)Conjoined jussive (kin obeisance)→ Jussive: solemn wish for family submissionשָׁחָה (H7812) 'to bow down'; parallel structure — kin also bow.
לְךָ֖to youprep לְ + 2ms suffIndirect object (recipient of bow)לְ with 2ms suff; the blessing recipient is the lord before whom all bow.
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject of וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוּוּ (construct)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; 'sons of your mother' = maternal half-brothers.
אִמֶּ֑ךָyour motherN f sg cstr + 2ms suff · אֵם (H517)Construct genitiveאֵם (H517) 'mother'; Rebekah's sons — Jacob is addressed as one who will rule Esau.
אֹרְרֶ֣יךָthose who curse youQal ptc m pl cstr + 2ms suff · אָרַר (H779)Subject of nominal clause (curse formula)→ Participle: designation of those who curseאָרַר (H779) 'to curse'; ptc as subject — 'cursers of you.'
אָר֔וּרcursedQal pass ptc m sg abs · אָרַר (H779)Predicate (passive ptc — the classic Abrahamic formula)→ Passive participle: perpetual state of being cursedאָרַר (H779) 'to curse'; pass ptc = 'be cursed'; the one who curses you is cursed.
וּֽמְבָרֲכֶ֖יךָand those who bless youconj וְ + Piel ptc m pl cstr + 2ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Subject of nominal clause (blessing formula)→ Participle: designation of those who blessבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel ptc as subject — 'blessers of you.'
בָּרֽוּךְblessedQal pass ptc m sg abs · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate (passive ptc — the classic Abrahamic formula)→ Passive participle: perpetual state of being blessedבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; pass ptc = 'be blessed'; cf. Gen 12:3; Abrahamic formula applied to Jacob.
30

וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר כִּלָּ֣ה יִצְחָק֮ לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶֽת יַעֲקֹב֒ וַיְהִ֗י אַ֣ךְ יָצֹ֤א יָצָא֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב מֵאֵ֥ת פְּנֵ֖י יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑יו וְעֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔יו בָּ֖א מִצֵּידֽוֹ

And it happened, as soon as Isaac had finished blessing Jacob, and Jacob had scarcely gone out from before Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting.

Reversal exposed: Jacob exits just as Esau entersוַיְהִ֗י
The timing is razor-thin, heightening both suspense and irreversibility. Deception and discovery now collide.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיְהִ֗יand it came to passconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Narrative formula (temporal clause opening)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, happen'; וַיְהִי opens a temporal frame — 'and it happened that.'
כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רjust asprep כְּ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Temporal comparative clause markerכַּאֲשֶׁר 'as soon as, just when'; marks the razor-thin timing.
כִּלָּ֣הfinishedPiel perf 3ms · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (temporal clause)→ Perfective: completed act of finishingכָּלָה (H3615) 'to finish, complete'; Piel = 'had finished blessing.'
יִצְחָק֮Isaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of כִּלָּהיִצְחָק (H3327); Isaac had just completed the blessing when Esau arrives.
לְבָרֵ֣ךְto blessprep לְ + Piel inf constr · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Complementary infinitive phrase→ Infinitive: action just completedבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel inf constr = the completed blessing-act.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יַעֲקֹב֒Jacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Direct object of לְבָרֵךְיַעֲקֹב (H3290); the narrator names Jacob; Isaac did not know it was he.
וַיְהִ֗יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Resumptive narrative formula→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, happen'; second וַיְהִי resumes and intensifies the timing.
אַ֣ךְscarcelyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Restrictive particle (temporal)אַךְ (H389) 'only, barely'; stresses the extreme narrowness of the timing.
יָצֹ֤אgoing outQal inf abs · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive absolute (intensifying the verb)→ Infinitive absolute: emphatic intensificationיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; inf abs before the perf = 'had barely gone out.'
יָצָא֙had gone outQal perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Main predicate of temporal clause→ Perfective: just-completed departureיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; with inf abs above = emphatic barely-completed action.
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Subject of יָצָאיַעֲקֹב (H3290); Jacob exits just as Esau enters — the timing is providential.
מֵאֵ֥תfrom beforeprep מִן + prep אֵת · אֵת (H854)Source prepositional phraseאֵת (H854) 'with'; מֵאֵת = 'from before, from the presence of'; departure from Isaac.
פְּנֵ֖יthe face ofN (c) pl cstr · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of מֵאֵת (construct)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face, presence'; idiom for leaving someone's presence.
יִצְחָ֣קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Construct genitiveיִצְחָק (H3327); Jacob departs from Isaac's presence.
אָבִ֑יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Appositive (identifying Isaac)אָב (H1) 'father'; appositive — the narrator stresses the paternal relationship being severed.
וְעֵשָׂ֣וand Esauconj וְ + proper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of contrastive clauseעֵשָׂו (H6215); the dramatic contrast — Jacob exits just as Esau enters.
אָחִ֔יוhis brotherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָח (H251)Appositive (identifying Esau)אָח (H251) 'brother'; apposition underlines the fraternal betrayal.
בָּ֖אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (contrastive clause)→ Perfective: completed arrivalבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; Esau arrives the moment Jacob leaves.
מִצֵּידֽוֹfrom his huntingprep מִן + N m sg cstr + 3ms suff · צַיִד (H6718)Source prepositional phraseצַיִד (H6718) 'game, hunt'; Esau returns from the very activity Isaac requested.
31

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ גַּם הוּא֙ מַטְעַמִּ֔ים וַיָּבֵ֖א לְאָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֗יו יָקֻ֤ם אָבִי֙ וְיֹאכַל֙ מִצֵּ֣יד בְּנ֔וֹ בַּעֲב֖וּר תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּי נַפְשֶֽׁךָ

And he too made savory food and brought it to his father, and he said to his father, "Let my father rise and eat from his son's game, so that your soul may bless me."

Claim repeated honestly: Esau arrives expecting the intended blessingוַיַּ֤עַשׂ
Esau reenacts the expected sequence in innocence. The same request that served Jacob now becomes the vehicle of catastrophe.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיַּ֤עַשׂand he madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; Esau unknowingly mirrors exactly what Jacob just did.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Additive particle (emphatic also)גַּם (H1571) 'also, even'; stresses that Esau did the same thing — with legitimate right.
הוּא֙hepers pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject (emphatic)הוּא (H1931) 'he'; emphatic independent pronoun — Esau himself, the one with every right to be first.
מַטְעַמִּ֔יםsavory foodN m pl abs · מַטְעַם (H4303)Direct object of וַיַּעַשׂמַטְעַם (H4303) 'delicacy'; Esau prepares the identical dish — the scene is a painful double.
וַיָּבֵ֖אand he broughtconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; Esau brings it in innocence, too late.
לְאָבִ֑יוto his fatherprep לְ + N m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Indirect object (recipient)אָב (H1) 'father'; Esau brings his food to the same father Jacob has already deceived.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Esau speaks the identical request formula Jacob used.
לְאָבִ֗יוto his fatherprep לְ + N m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Indirect object (addressee)אָב (H1) 'father'; Esau addresses his father — not knowing the blessing is gone.
יָקֻ֤םlet riseQal jussive 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Jussive (respectful command)→ Jussive: solemn request to the fatherקוּם (H6965) 'to arise, stand'; jussive = respectful request; let my father arise.
אָבִי֙my fatherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָב (H1)Vocative-subjectאָב (H1) 'father'; Esau's address is filially correct, making the scene more poignant.
וְיֹאכַל֙and let him eatconj וְ + Qal yiqtol 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Conjoined jussive (sequential request)→ Jussive: solemn request to eatאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; eating precedes blessing — Esau's request follows the correct protocol.
מִצֵּ֣ידfrom the game ofprep מִן + N m sg cstr · צַיִד (H6718)Source prepositional phraseצַיִד (H6718) 'game, hunt'; Esau's game is real — actual hunted prey, not a substitute.
בְּנ֔וֹhis sonN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · בֵּן (H1121)Construct genitiveבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; Esau identifies himself correctly as Isaac's son — unlike Jacob's deception.
בַּעֲב֖וּרso thatprep בְּ + N m sg cstr · עֲבוּר (H5668)Purpose prepositionבַּעֲבוּר (H5668) 'so that, for the sake of'; introduces the goal — soul-blessing.
תְּבָרֲכַ֥נִּיmay bless mePiel impf 3fs + 1cs suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (purpose clause)→ Yiqtol: modal — desired outcomeבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel + suff; Esau's rightful expectation — tragically already fulfilled to Jacob.
נַפְשֶֽׁךָyour soulN (c) sg cstr + 2ms suff · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Subject of תְּבָרֲכַנִּינֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life'; Esau uses the same soul-blessing formula — the duplication is crushing.
32

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֛וֹ יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו מִי אָ֑תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֲנִ֛י בִּנְךָ֥ בְכֹֽרְךָ֖ עֵשָֽׂו

And Isaac his father said to him, "Who are you?" And he said, "I am your son, your firstborn, Esau."

Truth arrives too late: Isaac hears the rightful identity after blessing is spentוַיֹּ֥אמֶר
The question of identity returns, but now with true disclosure. The reader feels the full force of what Isaac has already done.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac asks the question that will reveal the disaster.
ל֛וֹto himprep לְ + 3ms suffIndirect object (addressee)לְ with 3ms suff = 'to him'; Isaac addresses Esau, still not recognizing what has happened.
יִצְחָ֥קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריִצְחָק (H3327); the question Isaac now asks was already answered — falsely — by Jacob.
אָבִ֖יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Appositive (identifying Isaac)אָב (H1) 'father'; appositive underlines the paternal tragedy that is unfolding.
מִיwhointerrog pron · מִי (H4310)Interrogative predicateמִי (H4310) 'who'; the question asked once before (v18), now asked again with devastating consequences.
אָ֑תָּהare youpers pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject of interrogative clauseאַתָּה (H859) 'you'; the moment of truth — this time the right person stands before Isaac.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Esau's answer is truthful — everything Jacob's was not.
אֲנִ֛יI ampers pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject of verbless identity clauseאֲנִי (H589) 'I'; the same opening word Jacob used, but this time spoken by the real Esau.
בִּנְךָ֥your sonN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · בֵּן (H1121)Predicate of verbless identity clauseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; 'your son' — the genuine filial claim, finally stated by the rightful heir.
בְכֹֽרְךָ֖your firstbornN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · בְּכֹר (H1060)Appositive (emphatic identifier)בְּכֹר (H1060) 'firstborn'; Esau announces his birthright status — the very status Jacob claimed falsely.
עֵשָֽׂוEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Appositive (name identification)עֵשָׂו (H6215); the name finally spoken in truth — and heard too late.
33

וַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד יִצְחָ֣ק חֲרָדָה֮ גְּדֹלָ֣ה עַד מְאֹד֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר מִֽי אֵפ֡וֹא ה֣וּא הַצָּֽד צַיִד֩ וַיָּ֨בֵא לִ֜י וָאֹכַ֥ל מִכֹּ֛ל בְּטֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּ גַּם בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה

And Isaac trembled with an exceedingly great trembling, and said, "Who then was he who hunted game and brought it to me, and I ate from all of it before you came, and I blessed him? Yes, and he shall be blessed."

Irrevocability declared: Isaac trembles yet confirms that the blessing standsוַיֶּחֱרַ֨ד
Isaac's violent trembling marks both shock and recognition. Yet the final word is not reversal: the one already blessed remains blessed.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיֶּחֱרַ֨דand he trembledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרַד (H2729)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָרַד (H2729) 'to tremble, shudder'; Isaac's violent physical response to realization of the fraud.
יִצְחָ֣קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of וַיֶּחֱרַדיִצְחָק (H3327); the trembling patriarch — shocked by his own irrevocable speech.
חֲרָדָה֮tremblingN f sg abs · חֲרָדָה (H2731)Cognate accusative (internal object)חֲרָדָה (H2731) 'trembling, terror'; cognate with the verb; intensifies: 'trembled a trembling.'
גְּדֹלָ֣הgreatadj f sg abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective (modifying trembling)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, large'; the trembling is great — physically, morally, existentially.
עַדveryprep · עַד (H5704)Intensifying prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until, to'; עַד מְאֹד = 'exceedingly, extremely'; maximum intensification.
מְאֹד֒exceedinglyadv · מְאֹד (H3966)Intensifying adverbמְאֹד (H3966) 'very, exceedingly'; the trembling was beyond any normal measure.
וַיֹּ֡אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; from his trembling, Isaac speaks an anguished rhetorical question.
מִֽיwhointerrog pron · מִי (H4310)Interrogative predicateמִי (H4310) 'who'; the interrogative demands an accounting for what has been done.
אֵפ֡וֹאthenadv · אֵפוֹא (H645)Modal particle (inferential)אֵפוֹא (H645) 'then, where then'; inferential — 'who then was he?' expressing shocked inquiry.
ה֣וּאhepers pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Predicate of interrogative clauseהוּא (H1931) 'he'; subject of the relative clause — the identity Isaac now demands to know.
הַצָּֽדthe one who huntedart + Qal ptc m sg abs · צוּד (H6679)Predicate/appositive (articular ptc)→ Participle: identification of the agentצוּד (H6679) 'to hunt'; articular ptc = 'the one who was hunting'; the culprit identified.
צַיִד֩gameN m sg abs · צַיִד (H6718)Direct object of הַצָּדצַיִד (H6718) 'game, hunt'; the object hunted — which was never real game but goat.
וַיָּ֨בֵאand broughtconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Conjoined verb in relative clause→ Wayyiqtol: narrative sequence within flashbackבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Hiphil = 'to bring'; the bringing that preceded the eating.
לִ֜יto meprep לְ + 1cs suffIndirect object (recipient)לְ with 1cs suff = 'to me'; Isaac recalls receiving food he now knows was fraudulent.
וָאֹכַ֥לand I ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; Isaac recounts what he did — the eating that led to the blessing.
מִכֹּ֛לfrom allprep מִן + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Partitive prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; מִכֹּל = 'from all of it'; Isaac ate completely, thoroughly.
בְּטֶ֥רֶםbeforeprep בְּ + adv · טֶרֶם (H2962)Temporal prepositional phraseטֶרֶם (H2962) 'before, not yet'; בְּטֶרֶם = 'before'; the timing — before Esau arrived.
תָּב֖וֹאyou cameQal impf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (temporal clause)→ Yiqtol in temporal clauseבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; Esau's arrival was just too late to change anything.
וָאֲבָרֲכֵ֑הוּand I blessed himconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 1cs + 3ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: decisive completed actionבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel + suff; the irreversible blessing — I blessed him and it is done.
גַּםyesparticle · גַּם (H1571)Asseverative particleגַּם (H1571) 'also, even, yes'; asseverative — 'and indeed he shall remain blessed.'
בָּר֖וּךְblessedQal pass ptc m sg abs · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate (passive ptc — solemn declarative)→ Passive participle: perpetual state of being blessedבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; pass ptc; Isaac declares the blessing irrevocable.
יִהְיֶֽהhe shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (declarative yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: irreversible future stateהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; the future-tense seal on the blessing — what was spoken shall stand.
34

כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ עֵשָׂו֙ אֶת דִּבְרֵ֣י אָבִ֔יו וַיִּצְעַ֣ק צְעָקָ֔ה גְּדֹלָ֥ה וּמָרָ֖ה עַד מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאָבִ֔יו בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם אָ֖נִי אָבִֽי

When Esau heard the words of his father, he cried out with a great and exceedingly bitter cry and said to his father, "Bless me, me too, my father!"

Anguish erupts: Esau pleads for a blessing of his ownכִּשְׁמֹ֤עַ
The emotional center shifts to Esau's grief. His cry is among the narrative's rawest lines and must retain its force.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
כִּשְׁמֹ֤עַwhen hearingprep כְּ + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Temporal prepositional phrase (inf constr)→ Infinitive: temporal — when Esau heardשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'; inf constr with כְּ = 'when he heard'; opens the disaster scene.
עֵשָׂו֙Esauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of כִּשְׁמֹעַעֵשָׂו (H6215); the one whose hearing triggers grief — the chapter's emotional center.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
דִּבְרֵ֣יthe words ofN m pl cstr · דָּבָר (H1697)Direct object of כִּשְׁמֹעַ (construct)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, matter'; the specific words — Isaac's explanation of what he has already done.
אָבִ֔יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Construct genitiveאָב (H1) 'father'; the father whose words reveal that all Esau's expectations are unfulfilled.
וַיִּצְעַ֣קand he cried outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · צָעַק (H6817)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָעַק (H6817) 'to cry out, shout'; raw vocal anguish; the Hebrew cry used of oppressed people calling to God.
צְעָקָ֔הa cryN f sg abs · צְעָקָה (H6818)Cognate accusative (internal object)צְעָקָה (H6818) 'cry, outcry'; cognate with the verb; the intensity of a double-object construction.
גְּדֹלָ֥הgreatadj f sg abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjectiveגָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, large'; the cry parallels Isaac's trembling — great and bitter.
וּמָרָ֖הand bitterconj וְ + adj f sg abs · מַר (H4751)Conjoined attributive adjectiveמַר (H4751) 'bitter'; the bitterness of the cry distinguishes Esau's grief from mere complaint.
עַדveryprep · עַד (H5704)Intensifying prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until, to'; עַד מְאֹד = 'exceedingly'; same formula as v33 — maximum intensity.
מְאֹ֑דexceedinglyadv · מְאֹד (H3966)Intensifying adverbמְאֹד (H3966) 'very, exceedingly'; the cry echoes Isaac's trembling in intensity.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; from the cry, Esau forms words — his plea is poignant and human.
לְאָבִ֔יוto his fatherprep לְ + N m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Indirect object (addressee)אָב (H1) 'father'; Esau addresses the father who has blessed the wrong son.
בָּרֲכֵ֥נִיbless mePiel impv 2ms + 1cs suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: desperate demand for blessingבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel impv + suff; the same form used when Jacob posed as Esau.
גַםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Additive particle (emphatic also)גַּם (H1571) 'also, even'; 'me too' — Esau's plea for what he should have had by right.
אָ֖נִיIpers pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'; emphatic — 'me, I, even I'; the rightful heir pleading for a blessing.
אָבִֽיmy fatherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָב (H1)Vocative addressאָב (H1) 'father'; the vocative closes the appeal with filial love — a heartbreaking scene.
35

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בָּ֥א אָחִ֖יךָ בְּמִרְמָ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֖ח בִּרְכָתֶֽךָ

And he said, "Your brother came with deceit and has taken your blessing."

Deception named: Isaac interprets the event in moral termsוַיֹּ֕אמֶר
Isaac no longer speaks in uncertainty. The means by which Jacob gained the blessing are named as deceit.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Isaac must now explain the truth of what happened.
בָּ֥אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed act of comingבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; the simple past — 'your brother came.'
אָחִ֖יךָyour brotherN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָח (H251)Subject of בָּאאָח (H251) 'brother'; Isaac names the agent — 'your brother'; the fraternal betrayal now named.
בְּמִרְמָ֑הwith deceitprep בְּ + N f sg abs · מִרְמָה (H4820)Instrumental prepositional phraseמִרְמָה (H4820) 'deceit, treachery'; Isaac names what happened — deceit, מִרְמָה, fraud.
וַיִּקַּ֖חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; the taking of the blessing is framed as theft — a morally charged word.
בִּרְכָתֶֽךָyour blessingN f sg cstr + 2ms suff · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Direct object of וַיִּקַּחבְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; 'your blessing' — Isaac acknowledges Esau's rightful claim to it.
36

וַיֹּ֡אמֶר הֲכִי֩ קָרָ֨א שְׁמ֜וֹ יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַֽיַּעְקְבֵ֨נִי֙ זֶ֣ה פַעֲמַ֔יִם אֶת בְּכֹרָתִ֣י לָקָ֔ח וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַתָּ֖ה לָקַ֣ח בִּרְכָתִ֑י וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הֲלֹא אָצַ֥לְתָּ לִּ֖י בְּרָכָֽה

And he said, "Is that why his name is called Jacob? For he has supplanted me these two times: he took my birthright, and behold, now he has taken my blessing." And he said, "Have you not reserved a blessing for me?"

Name-play weaponized: Esau reads Jacob as supplanter and begs for remainderוַיֹּ֡אמֶר
Esau interprets the whole history through Jacob's name and through accumulated loss. The old birthright scene is now folded into present grievance.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֹּ֡אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Esau's response turns from grief to bitter wordplay on Jacob's name.
הֲכִי֩is that whyinterrog particle + conj · כִּי (H3588)Interrogative clause marker (rhetorical)כִּי (H3588) 'because, that'; הֲ + כִּי = 'is it because…?'; Esau makes the name-play.
קָרָ֨אwas calledQal perf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed namingקָרָא (H7121) 'to call'; his name was called Jacob — 'heel-grabber' or 'supplanter.'
שְׁמ֜וֹhis nameN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · שֵׁם (H8034)Subject of קָרָא (qal pass idiom)שֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; the name Jacob carries now finds its interpretation in Esau's grief.
יַעֲקֹ֗בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Predicate complement (name given)יַעֲקֹב (H3290); the name means 'heel-grabber' (cf. 25:26) — now weaponized as 'supplanter.'
וַֽיַּעְקְבֵ֨נִי֙and he supplanted meconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + 1cs suff · עָקַב (H6117)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָקַב (H6117) 'to supplant, grab the heel'; the denominative verb from יַעֲקֹב; wordplay on the name.
זֶ֣הthis onedem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject of וַיַּעְקְבֵנִי (emphatic dem)זֶה (H2088) 'this'; contemptuous demonstrative — 'this one' = the one whose name has proven true.
פַעֲמַ֔יִםtwiceN f du abs · פַּעַם (H6471)Temporal adverbial accusativeפַּעַם (H6471) 'time, occasion'; dual = twice; Esau counts the double theft: birthright and blessing.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
בְּכֹרָתִ֣יmy birthrightN (c) sg cstr + 1cs suff · בְּכֹרָה (H1062)Direct object (first theft)בְּכֹרָה (H1062) 'birthright'; the first loss — the birthright sold in ch. 25 now named as theft.
לָקָ֔חhe tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (first claim)→ Perfective: completed act of takingלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; Esau retrospectively casts the birthright sale as theft.
וְהִנֵּ֥הand beholdconj וְ + particle הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle (introducing new clause)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'; with וְ draws attention to the second theft.
עַתָּ֖הnowadv · עַתָּה (H6258)Temporal adverbעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; temporal contrast — 'and now' marks the second event.
לָקַ֣חhe tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (second claim)→ Perfective: completed act of takingלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; the second taking — the blessing, twice stolen.
בִּרְכָתִ֑יmy blessingN f sg cstr + 1cs suff · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Direct object (second theft)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; 'my blessing' — Esau claims both birthright and blessing as his own.
וַיֹּאמַ֕רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Esau shifts from accusation to a final desperate question to Isaac.
הֲלֹאhave you notinterrog particle + neg · לֹא (H3808)Negative interrogativeלֹא (H3808) 'not'; הֲלֹא = rhetorical negative question expecting a positive answer.
אָצַ֥לְתָּreservedQal perf 2ms · אָצַל (H680)Predicate verb (interrogative clause)→ Perfective: completed or failed act of reservingאָצַל (H680) 'to set aside, reserve'; 'Have you not reserved a blessing for me?'
לִּ֖יfor meprep לְ + 1cs suffDative of benefitלְ with 1cs suff = 'for me'; Esau asks if anything at all was set aside for him.
בְּרָכָֽהa blessingN f sg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Direct object of אָצַלְתָּבְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; the question that drives the scene forward — is there anything left?
37

וַיַּ֨עַן יִצְחָ֜ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעֵשָׂ֗ו הֵ֣ן גְּבִ֞יר שַׂמְתִּ֥יו לָךְ֙ וְאֶת כָּל אֶחָ֗יו נָתַ֤תִּי לוֹ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וְדָגָ֥ן וְתִירֹ֖שׁ סְמַכְתִּ֑יו וּלְכָ֣ה אֵפ֔וֹא מָ֥ה אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה בְּנִֽי

And Isaac answered and said to Esau, "Behold, I have set him as lord over you, and all his brothers I have given to him for servants, and with grain and new wine I have sustained him; and for you then, what can I do, my son?"

Blessing inventory recited: Isaac explains how fully Jacob has been endowedוַיַּ֨עַן
Isaac rehearses the substance of what has already been spoken. The abundance given to Jacob leaves little room for replication.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיַּ֨עַןand he answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'to answer, respond'; Isaac must now answer the unanswerable question.
יִצְחָ֜קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of וַיַּעַןיִצְחָק (H3327); the trembling patriarch who must now explain the full content of the given blessing.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; a second wayyiqtol introduces the actual content of Isaac's reply.
לְעֵשָׂ֗וto Esauprep לְ + proper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Indirect object (addressee)עֵשָׂו (H6215) with prep לְ; Isaac now speaks directly to his grieving firstborn.
הֵ֣ןbeholdparticle · הֵן (H2005)Presentative particleהֵן (H2005) 'behold, look'; draws attention to the inventory of what Jacob has received.
גְּבִ֞ירlordN m sg abs · גָּבִיר (H1376)Predicate complement of שַׂמְתִּיוגָּבִיר (H1376) 'lord, master'; the supreme social status bestowed — ruler over his brothers.
שַׂמְתִּ֥יוI set himQal perf 1cs + 3ms suff · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb + obj suff→ Perfective: completed irrevocable actשִׂים (H7760) 'to set, place'; + suff; 'I set him as lord' — spoken, irrevocable.
לָךְ֙over youprep לְ + 2fs suffObject of שַׂמְתִּיו (domain)לְ with 2fs suff (Esau addressed as fem. in MT here); over you — lord over Esau himself.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת (H853) with conj וְ introduces the second item in the inventory.
כָּלallN m sg cstr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier (head of construct chain)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; 'all his brothers' given to Jacob as servants.
אֶחָ֗יוhis brothersN m pl cstr + 3ms suff · אָח (H251)Construct genitiveאָח (H251) 'brother'; all brothers — including Esau himself — are given as Jacob's servants.
נָתַ֤תִּיI gaveQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb→ Perfective: completed irrevocable giftנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; 'I gave him' — another irrevocable act already completed.
לוֹ֙to himprep לְ + 3ms suffIndirect object (recipient)לְ with 3ms suff; Jacob received all his brothers as servants.
לַעֲבָדִ֔יםas servantsprep לְ + N m pl abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Predicate complement (status given)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant, slave'; Esau's brothers — including Esau — are made his servants.
וְדָגָ֥ןand grainconj וְ + N m sg abs · דָּגָן (H1715)Conjoined subject (provision items)דָּגָן (H1715) 'grain'; the agricultural bounty — grain and wine — cited from the blessing.
וְתִירֹ֖שׁand new wineconj וְ + N m sg abs · תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492)Conjoined subject (second provision)תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492) 'new wine'; the complete agricultural bounty pair cited from the blessing.
סְמַכְתִּ֑יוI sustained himQal perf 1cs + 3ms suff · סָמַךְ (H5564)Predicate verb + obj suff→ Perfective: completed sustainingסָמַךְ (H5564) 'to support, sustain'; 'I supported him with grain and wine.'
וּלְכָ֣הand for youconj וְ + prep לְ + 2ms suffContrastive dative (pivoting the question)לְ with 2ms suff and conj וְ = 'and for you'; the rhetorical pivot to Esau's impossible request.
אֵפ֔וֹאthenadv · אֵפוֹא (H645)Modal particle (inferential)אֵפוֹא (H645) 'then, what then'; inferential adv reinforcing the rhetorical question.
מָ֥הwhatinterrog pron · מָה (H4100)Interrogative predicateמָה (H4100) 'what'; the rhetorical question — 'what can I do for you?'
אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖הcan I doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Yiqtol: modal — helpless capacityעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; Isaac acknowledges his own helplessness — nothing remains to be done.
בְּנִֽיmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; the vocative addressed to Esau — paternal tenderness in the midst of catastrophe.
38

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו אֶל אָבִ֗יו הַֽבְרָכָ֨ה אַחַ֤ת הִֽוא לְךָ֙ אָבִ֔י בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם אָ֖נִי אָבִ֑י וַיִּשָּׂ֥א עֵשָׂ֛ו קֹל֖וֹ וַיֵּֽבְךְּ

And Esau said to his father, "Is there only one blessing for you, my father? Bless me, me too, my father." And Esau lifted up his voice and wept.

Appeal renewed: Esau insists on another word and breaks into tearsוַיֹּ֨אמֶר
Esau cannot accept that one blessing should settle everything. His weeping presses Isaac toward a secondary pronouncement.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Esau's reply to Isaac's apparent resignation.
עֵשָׂ֜וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרעֵשָׂו (H6215); Esau refuses to accept that only one blessing exists for a father with two sons.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks Isaac as the one addressed.
אָבִ֗יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Object of prep אֶלאָב (H1) 'father'; Esau speaks to his father — the pathos deepens with every repeated word.
הַֽבְרָכָ֨הthe blessingart + N f sg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Subject of nominal clause (interrogative)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; Esau challenges the premise that only one blessing can exist.
אַחַ֤תonly onenum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Predicate numeralאַחַת (H259) 'one'; 'is there only one blessing?' — Esau's logic is that a father has more to give.
הִֽואit ispers pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Copula of nominal clauseהִיא (H1931) 'she, it'; pronoun as copula — 'is it only one blessing you have?'
לְךָ֙for youprep לְ + 2ms suffPrepositional phrase (possessive)לְ with 2ms suff = 'to you, for you'; 'do you have only one blessing?'
אָבִ֔יmy fatherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָב (H1)Vocative addressאָב (H1) 'father'; Esau calls on his father — the appeal is both desperate and logical.
בָּרֲכֵ֥נִיbless mePiel impv 2ms + 1cs suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: desperate demand for blessingבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel impv + suff; the repeated plea — bless me, bless me also.
גַםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Additive particle (emphatic also)גַּם (H1571) 'also, even'; 'me also' — the repeated phrase from v34.
אָ֖נִיIpers pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'; emphatic — the rightful firstborn insisting on his share.
אָבִ֑יmy fatherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָב (H1)Vocative addressאָב (H1) 'father'; the repeated vocative closes Esau's plea with filial tenderness.
וַיִּשָּׂ֥אand he liftedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry'; to lift the voice = to cry out loudly.
עֵשָׂ֛וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of וַיִּשָּׂאעֵשָׂו (H6215); the narrator names Esau at the moment of his weeping — the grief is personal and named.
קֹל֖וֹhis voiceN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · קוֹל (H6963)Direct object of וַיִּשָּׂאקוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; נָשָׂא קוֹל = to raise the voice = to weep audibly.
וַיֵּֽבְךְּand he weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּכָה (H1058)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; Esau's weeping is one of the most human moments in Genesis.
39

וַיַּ֛עַן יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֑יו הִנֵּ֞ה מִשְׁמַנֵּ֤י הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה מֽוֹשָׁבֶ֔ךָ וּמִטַּ֥ל הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם מֵעָֽל

And Isaac his father answered and said to him, "Behold, away from the fatness of the earth shall be your dwelling, and away from the dew of the heavens from above."

Secondary word begun: Esau receives a harsher future than Jacobוַיַּ֛עַן
The terms echo Jacob's blessing but in diminished or deprived form. The relationship between the two speeches is central to the narrative's difficulty.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיַּ֛עַןand he answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'to answer'; Isaac responds to the weeping with a secondary prophetic word.
יִצְחָ֥קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Subject of וַיַּעַןיִצְחָק (H3327); Isaac now speaks Esau's destiny — different from Jacob's blessing.
אָבִ֖יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Appositive (identifying Isaac)אָב (H1) 'father'; appositive — the narrator emphasizes the father-son relationship throughout.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol introducing direct speech→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces Esau's prophetic word — a destiny, not a blessing.
אֵלָ֑יוto himprep אֵל + 3ms suff · אֵל (H413)Indirect object (addressee)אֵל (H413) 'to'; Isaac addresses Esau — the word is specifically for him.
הִנֵּ֞הbeholdparticle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particleהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'; introduces the solemn declaration of Esau's future.
מִשְׁמַנֵּ֤יfrom the fatness ofprep מִן + N m pl cstr · שֶׁמֶן (H4924)Source prepositional phrase (interpretation debated)שֶׁמֶן (H4924) 'fatness, richness'; key debated word — away from fat land, or from fat land (arid steppe reading).
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the earthart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct genitiveאֶרֶץ (H776) 'earth, land'; the word for Esau contrasts with Jacob's agricultural bounty.
יִהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (future declaration)→ Yiqtol: irreversible future destinyהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; the prophetic future — Esau's dwelling shall be away from the fat land.
מֽוֹשָׁבֶ֔ךָyour dwellingN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Subject of יִהְיֶהמוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'dwelling, settlement'; where Esau will live — in contrast to Jacob's blessed land.
וּמִטַּ֥לand from the dew ofconj וְ + prep מִן + N m sg cstr · טַל (H2919)Conjoined source prepositional phraseטַל (H2919) 'dew'; echoes v28 — there Jacob received dew from heaven; here Esau receives it away.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensart + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct genitiveשָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens, sky'; the same term as in v28 — but the preposition here deprive rather than bestow.
מֵעָֽלfrom aboveprep מִן + N m sg abs · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'above, over'; מֵעָל = 'from above'; Esau's portion is not from the celestial source.
40

וְעַל חַרְבְּךָ֣ תִֽחְיֶ֔ה וְאֶת אָחִ֖יךָ תַּעֲבֹ֑ד וְהָיָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר תָּרִ֔יד וּפָרַקְתָּ֥ עֻלּ֖וֹ מֵעַ֥ל צַוָּארֶֽךָ

"And by your sword you shall live, and you shall serve your brother; but it shall happen, when you grow restless, that you shall break his yoke from upon your neck."

Conflict forecast: servitude and eventual resistance are spoken over Esauוְעַל
Esau's future is cast in struggle, dependence, and eventual revolt. The word is not a second Jacob-blessing but a different historical destiny.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְעַלand byconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Instrumental prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, by, upon'; וְעַל חַרְבְּךָ = 'by your sword'; the means of Esau's livelihood.
חַרְבְּךָ֣your swordN f sg cstr + 2ms suff · חֶרֶב (H2719)Object of prep עַלחֶרֶב (H2719) 'sword'; Esau's destiny is the sword — warrior life, contrast to farmer Jacob.
תִֽחְיֶ֔הyou shall liveQal impf 2ms · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (future destiny)→ Yiqtol: irreversible future way of lifeחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; by the sword you shall sustain life — warrior economy, not agrarian.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת (H853) with conj וְ; marks אָחִיךָ as the object of תַּעֲבֹד.
אָחִ֖יךָyour brotherN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָח (H251)Direct object of תַּעֲבֹדאָח (H251) 'brother'; you shall serve your brother — Jacob is lord (cf. v29).
תַּעֲבֹ֑דyou shall serveQal impf 2ms · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (future servitude)→ Yiqtol: irreversible future subordinationעָבַד (H5647) 'to serve, work'; Esau must serve Jacob — the inversion of birth-order expectations.
וְהָיָה֙and it shall happenconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Weqatal of conditional consequence→ Weqatal: sequential future (conditional)הָיָה (H1961) 'to be, happen'; introduces the conditional — when you grow restless.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רwhenprep כְּ + rel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Temporal comparative clause markerכַּאֲשֶׁר 'when, as soon as'; introduces the condition for Esau's eventual independence.
תָּרִ֔ידyou grow restlessHiphil impf 2ms · רוּד (H7300)Predicate verb (conditional clause)→ Yiqtol: modal — conditional stateרוּד (H7300) 'to roam, be restless'; Hiphil = 'to grow restless'; the condition for liberation.
וּפָרַקְתָּ֥then you will break offconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · פָּרַק (H6561)Weqatal of consequence (liberation)→ Weqatal: sequential consequence of restlessnessפָּרַק (H6561) 'to tear off, break free'; the eventual act of throwing off Jacob's yoke.
עֻלּ֖וֹhis yokeN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · עֹל (H5923)Direct object of וּפָרַקְתָּעֹל (H5923) 'yoke'; Jacob's yoke = the dominion given in v29; Esau will one day throw it off.
מֵעַ֥לfrom uponprep מִן + prep עַל · עַל (H5921)Source locative phraseעַל (H5921) 'upon'; מֵעַל = 'from upon'; physical image of removing a yoke from the neck.
צַוָּארֶֽךָyour neckN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · צַוָּאר (H6677)Object of מֵעַל (locative)צַוָּאר (H6677) 'neck'; the yoke is on the neck — the same neck Rebekah had covered with goat skin.
41

וַיִּשְׂטֹ֤ם עֵשָׂו֙ אֶֽת יַעֲקֹ֔ב עַל הַ֨בְּרָכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרֲכ֖וֹ אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו בְּלִבּ֗וֹ יִקְרְבוּ֙ יְמֵי֙ אֵ֣בֶל אָבִ֔י וְאַֽהַרְגָ֖ה אֶת יַעֲקֹ֥ב אָחִֽי

And Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing with which his father had blessed him, and Esau said in his heart, "The days of mourning for my father are near; then I will kill Jacob my brother."

Hatred fixed: Esau resolves on fratricide after Isaac's deathוַיִּשְׂטֹ֤ם
Blessing achieved now yields mortal danger. Esau's inward resolve turns the household conflict toward threatened bloodshed.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּשְׂטֹ֤םand he hatedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׂטַם (H7852)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂטַם (H7852) 'to bear a grudge, hate persistently'; deeper than אָנֵא — an enduring, active enmity.
עֵשָׂו֙Esauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of וַיִּשְׂטֹםעֵשָׂו (H6215); Esau's grief hardens into a settled hatred that endangers Jacob's life.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Direct object of וַיִּשְׂטֹםיַעֲקֹב (H3290); the brother who deceived him now becomes the object of murderous hatred.
עַלbecause ofprep · עַל (H5921)Causal prepositionעַל (H5921) 'because of, on account of'; the specific reason for the hatred is named.
הַ֨בְּרָכָ֔הthe blessingart + N f sg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Object of prep עַל (causal)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessing'; the stolen blessing is the root cause of the fratricidal hatred.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwith whichrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle (modifying blessing)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'which'; introduces the relative clause specifying the blessing.
בֵּרֲכ֖וֹhad blessed himPiel perf 3ms + 3ms suff · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed blessing-actבָּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'; Piel + suff; the blessing that is the cause of all the subsequent grief.
אָבִ֑יוhis fatherN m sg cstr + 3ms suff · אָב (H1)Subject of בֵּרֲכוֹאָב (H1) 'father'; Isaac's blessing of Jacob is what drives Esau to plan fratricide.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; but what Esau says is internal — he says it in his heart.
עֵשָׂ֜וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרעֵשָׂו (H6215); the murderous resolve is formed privately — Esau does not confront Jacob directly.
בְּלִבּ֗וֹin his heartprep בְּ + N m sg cstr + 3ms suff · לֵב (H3820)Locative prepositional phrase (internal speech)לֵב (H3820) 'heart, mind'; בְּלִבּוֹ = 'in his heart' — the private intention revealed to the reader.
יִקְרְבוּ֙let draw nearQal impf 3mp · קָרַב (H7126)Jussive of desire (internal thought)→ Yiqtol as jussive: inward volitional desireקָרַב (H7126) 'to draw near, approach'; Esau anticipates Isaac's death with murderous calculation.
יְמֵי֙the days ofN m pl cstr · יוֹם (H3117)Subject of יִקְרְבוּ (construct)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; 'days of mourning' — the period after Isaac's anticipated death.
אֵ֣בֶלmourningN m sg cstr · אֵבֶל (H60)Construct genitiveאֵבֶל (H60) 'mourning'; the mourning period = when Isaac dies and Esau plans to be free to kill Jacob.
אָבִ֔יmy fatherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָב (H1)Construct genitive (possessive)אָב (H1) 'father'; 'my father's mourning' = after Isaac dies; patricide-timing is coldly calculated.
וְאַֽהַרְגָ֖הand I will killconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · הָרַג (H2026)Conjoined cohortative (resolution)→ Cohortative: determined volitional resolveהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill, slay'; cohortative = emphatic resolve — 'then I will kill Jacob.'
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יַעֲקֹ֥בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Direct object of וְאַהַרְגָהיַעֲקֹב (H3290); the intended victim — the brother who took the blessing.
אָחִֽיmy brotherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָח (H251)Appositive (identifying Jacob)אָח (H251) 'brother'; Esau names Jacob 'my brother' even in his murderous thought — the fratricide's tragic irony.
42

וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְרִבְקָ֔ה אֶת דִּבְרֵ֥י עֵשָׂ֖ו בְּנָ֣הּ הַגָּדֹ֑ל וַתִּשְׁלַ֞ח וַתִּקְרָ֤א לְיַעֲקֹב֙ בְּנָ֣הּ הַקָּטָ֔ן וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּה֙ עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔יךָ מִתְנַחֵ֥ם לְךָ֖ לְהָרְגֶֽךָ

And the words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah, and she sent and called Jacob her younger son and said to him, "Behold, Esau your brother is comforting himself concerning you by planning to kill you."

Threat heard: Rebekah learns the murderous resolve and warns Jacobוַיֻּגַּ֣ד
Rebekah again acts on overheard or reported words. What was once a strategy to secure blessing now becomes a strategy to preserve life.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֻּגַּ֣דand it was toldconj וְ + Hophal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (passive)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'to tell'; Hophal (passive) = 'it was told'; the threat reaches Rebekah's ears.
לְרִבְקָ֔הto Rebekahprep לְ + proper noun · רִבְקָה (H7259)Indirect object (recipient)רִבְקָה (H7259); Rebekah is informed — she acts for the third time to control the outcome.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
דִּבְרֵ֥יthe words ofN m pl cstr · דָּבָר (H1697)Direct object of וַיֻּגַּד (construct)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, matter'; Esau's internal words have somehow reached Rebekah.
עֵשָׂ֖וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Construct genitiveעֵשָׂו (H6215); Esau's murderous resolve is known — perhaps overheard or reported.
בְּנָ֣הּher sonN m sg cstr + 3fs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identifying Esau)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; appositive stressing that both men are her sons — the maternal cost deepens.
הַגָּדֹ֑לthe olderart + adj m sg abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective (appositive)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, older'; the older son — the one whose rights were taken from him.
וַתִּשְׁלַ֞חand she sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send'; Rebekah sends — another decisive maternal act.
וַתִּקְרָ֤אand she calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · קָרָא (H7121)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call'; Rebekah summons Jacob — urgency drives the second set of commands.
לְיַעֲקֹב֙to Jacobprep לְ + proper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Indirect object (addressee of call)יַעֲקֹב (H3290); Rebekah calls Jacob privately to communicate the threat.
בְּנָ֣הּher sonN m sg cstr + 3fs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Appositive (identifying Jacob)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; appositive — Jacob is equally her son, the one she now must save.
הַקָּטָ֔ןthe youngerart + adj m sg abs · קָטָן (H6996)Attributive adjective (appositive)קָטָן (H6996) 'small, younger'; 'the younger son' — the one who received what the older had by right.
וַתֹּ֣אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Rebekah delivers her urgent warning.
אֵלָ֔יוto himprep אֵל + 3ms suff · אֵל (H413)Indirect object (addressee)אֵל (H413) 'to'; Rebekah speaks directly to Jacob.
הִנֵּה֙beholdparticle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle (warning)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'; draws urgent attention to the threat.
עֵשָׂ֣וEsauproper noun · עֵשָׂו (H6215)Subject of מִתְנַחֵםעֵשָׂו (H6215); the threat is personified — Esau your brother is comforting himself with murderous plans.
אָחִ֔יךָyour brotherN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָח (H251)Appositive (identifying Esau)אָח (H251) 'brother'; appositive — Rebekah stresses the fraternal relationship in warning of fratricide.
מִתְנַחֵ֥םis consoling himselfHitpael ptc m sg abs · נָחַם (H5162)Predicate participle (ongoing state)→ Participle: ongoing action of self-consolationנָחַם (H5162) 'to comfort, console'; Hitpael = 'to console oneself'; murderous planning as dark self-comfort.
לְךָ֖concerning youprep לְ + 2ms suffReference prepositional phraseלְ with 2ms suff = 'concerning you'; the self-consolation is directed against Jacob.
לְהָרְגֶֽךָto kill youprep לְ + Qal inf constr + 2ms suff · הָרַג (H2026)Purpose infinitive phrase→ Infinitive: murderous intentהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill, slay'; inf constr + suff = 'to kill you'; the threat Rebekah reports is murder.
43

וְעַתָּ֥ה בְנִ֖י שְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹלִ֑י וְק֧וּם בְּרַח לְךָ֛ אֶל לָבָ֥ן אָחִ֖י חָרָֽנָה

"And now, my son, listen to my voice, and arise, flee for yourself to Laban my brother, to Haran."

Flight commanded: Jacob is sent away toward the Aramean kinוְעַתָּ֥ה
The same maternal command formula reappears, but now its aim is escape. Blessing and exile become bound together.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְעַתָּ֥הand nowconj וְ + adv · עַתָּה (H6258)Transitional temporal adverbעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; the same formula as v3 and v8 — Rebekah's urgent pivot to command.
בְנִ֖יmy sonN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · בֵּן (H1121)Vocative addressבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; maternal vocative — the same loving address used for Jacob throughout.
שְׁמַ֣עlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate imperative→ Volitional: urgent command to obeyשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, obey'; the same command as v8 — Rebekah again summons Jacob to obedience.
בְּקֹלִ֑יto my voiceprep בְּ + N m sg cstr + 1cs suff · קוֹל (H6963)Prepositional object (idiom for obedience)קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּ = 'to obey'; the formula of maternal authority recurs.
וְק֧וּםand ariseconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · קוּם (H6965)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to act immediatelyקוּם (H6965) 'to arise, stand'; arise = prepare for action; urgency is conveyed.
בְּרַחfleeQal impv 2ms · בָּרַח (H1272)Conjoined imperative (sequence)→ Volitional: command to flee for lifeבָּרַח (H1272) 'to flee'; the decisive command — Jacob's life is in danger and flight is necessary.
לְךָ֛for yourselfprep לְ + 2ms suffDative of interest (ethical dative)לְ with 2ms suff; לֶךְ לְךָ construction echoes Abrahamic call — go for your own sake.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֵל (H413) 'to, toward'; direction of the flight — toward Laban in Haran.
לָבָ֥ןLabanproper noun · לָבָן (H3837)Object of prep אֶללָבָן (H3837); Rebekah's brother and Jacob's maternal uncle — the destination of exile.
אָחִ֖יmy brotherN m sg cstr + 1cs suff · אָח (H251)Appositive (identifying Laban)אָח (H251) 'brother'; Laban is Rebekah's brother — the only kinship connection for the exile.
חָרָֽנָהto Haranproper noun + directional he · חָרָן (H2771)Locative adverb (directional)חָרָן (H2771) + directional ה = 'to Haran'; the city in Aram — Abraham's homeland and Jacob's destination.
44

וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ עִמּ֖וֹ יָמִ֣ים אֲחָדִ֑ים עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁ֖וּב חֲמַ֥ת אָחִֽיךָ

"And stay with him some days, until your brother's fury turns away,"

Temporary exile envisioned: Rebekah imagines a brief cooling of wrathוְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥
Rebekah still thinks in short terms. The proposed exile is imagined as temporary, though the reader knows the departure will lengthen.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥and stayconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Weqatal of instruction (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential instruction after fleeיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, stay'; stay with Laban until the danger passes.
עִמּ֖וֹwith himprep עִם + 3ms suff · עִם (H5973)Comitative prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'; stay with Laban — the protective relative.
יָמִ֣יםsome daysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; 'some days' = an indefinitely short period — Rebekah imagines brief exile.
אֲחָדִ֑יםfewadj m pl abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (modifying יָמִים)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; יָמִים אֲחָדִים = 'a few days, some days'; Rebekah minimizes the exile.
עַ֥דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition (limit)עַד (H5704) 'until, up to'; marks the temporal limit of the stay.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle (complementing עַד)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that, which'; עַד אֲשֶׁר = 'until'; introduces the condition.
תָּשׁ֖וּבturns awayQal impf 3fs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (temporal clause)→ Yiqtol: anticipated future changeשׁוּב (H7725) 'to return, turn'; 'until your brother's fury turns away.'
חֲמַ֥תthe fury ofN f sg cstr · חֵמָה (H2534)Subject of תָּשׁוּב (construct)חֵמָה (H2534) 'fury, rage'; Esau's wrath is the obstacle to Jacob's return.
אָחִֽיךָyour brotherN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָח (H251)Construct genitiveאָח (H251) 'brother'; 'your brother's fury' — Rebekah expects Esau to cool down and forget.
45

עַד שׁ֨וּב אַף אָחִ֜יךָ מִמְּךָ֗ וְשָׁכַח֙ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֖י וּלְקַחְתִּ֣יךָ מִשָּׁ֑ם לָמָ֥ה אֶשְׁכַּ֛ל גַּם שְׁנֵיכֶ֖ם י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד

"until your brother's anger turns away from you, and he forgets what you have done to him; then I will send and take you from there. Why should I be bereaved even of you both in one day?"

Maternal grief voiced: Rebekah frames the flight as prevention of double lossעַד
Rebekah's closing line reveals the maternal cost beneath the strategy. The household stands on the edge of losing more than a blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal preposition (continued limit)עַד (H5704) 'until'; continues the temporal limit from v44.
שׁ֨וּבturning awayQal inf constr · שׁוּב (H7725)Temporal infinitive phrase→ Infinitive: temporal conditionשׁוּב (H7725) 'to turn, return'; inf constr = 'until turning away' — until Esau's anger subsides.
אַףthe anger ofN m sg abs · אַף (H639)Subject of inf שׁוּבאַף (H639) 'nose, anger'; אַף as anger — a stronger word than חֵמָה; Esau's burning anger.
אָחִ֜יךָyour brotherN m sg cstr + 2ms suff · אָח (H251)Construct genitive (possessor of anger)אָח (H251) 'brother'; Esau's anger = the root cause of the exile.
מִמְּךָ֗from youprep מִן + 2ms suff · מִן (H4480)Directional prepositional phraseמִן (H4480) 'from'; 'turns away from you' — the anger will no longer be directed at Jacob.
וְשָׁכַח֙and he forgetsconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · שָׁכַח (H7911)Weqatal of sequential condition→ Weqatal: sequential anticipated actionשָׁכַח (H7911) 'to forget'; Rebekah hopes Esau will forget what Jacob did — an optimistic hope.
אֵ֣ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
אֲשֶׁרwhatrel pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle (introducing object clause)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'what, that which'; the object of forgetting — what Jacob did to him.
עָשִׂ֣יתָyou didQal perf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: completed wrongful actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; 'what you did to him' — Rebekah acknowledges Jacob's wrongdoing indirectly.
לּ֔וֹto himprep לְ + 3ms suffIndirect object (victim)לְ with 3ms suff = 'to him'; what Jacob did was done to Esau — the harm is acknowledged.
וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֖יand I will sendconj וְ + Qal weqatal 1cs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Weqatal of promise (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential promise to send for Jacobשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send'; Rebekah promises to send for Jacob when it is safe — a promise never fulfilled in the narrative.
וּלְקַחְתִּ֣יךָand bring you backconj וְ + Qal weqatal 1cs + 2ms suff · לָקַח (H3947)Weqatal of sequential promise→ Weqatal: sequential promise to retrieve Jacobלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, fetch'; 'I will take you from there' = I will bring you home.
מִשָּׁ֑םfrom thereprep מִן + adv · שָׁם (H8033)Source prepositional phraseשָׁם (H8033) 'there'; 'from there' = from Haran; Rebekah envisions Jacob's return.
לָמָ֥הwhyprep לְ + interrog · מָה (H4100)Interrogative adverb (rhetorical)לָמָּה 'why'; introduces the rhetorical question expressing Rebekah's maternal dread.
אֶשְׁכַּ֛לshould I be bereavedQal impf 1cs · שָׁכַל (H7921)Predicate verb (rhetorical question)→ Yiqtol: modal — feared outcomeשָׁכַל (H7921) 'to be bereaved of children'; Rebekah's deepest fear — losing both sons in one day.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Additive particleגַּם (H1571) 'also, even'; 'even both of you' — the loss would be total and bilateral.
שְׁנֵיכֶ֖םboth of younum m du cstr + 2mp suff · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Direct object of אֶשְׁכַּלשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; both Jacob and Esau — if Esau kills Jacob, Esau will be executed.
י֥וֹםin one dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; 'in one day' — both deaths would come together, doubling the loss.
אֶחָֽדoneadj m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjectiveאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; the single day in which Rebekah fears losing both sons to violence.
46

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רִבְקָה֙ אֶל יִצְחָ֔ק קַ֣צְתִּי בְחַיַּ֔י מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנ֣וֹת חֵ֑ת אִם לֹקֵ֣חַ יַ֠עֲקֹב אִשָּׁ֨ה מִבְּנֽוֹת חֵ֤ת כָּאֵ֨לֶּה֙ מִבְּנ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ לָ֥מָּה לִּ֖י חַיִּֽים

And Rebekah said to Isaac, "I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth. If Jacob takes a wife from the daughters of Heth like these, from the daughters of the land, what is life to me?"

Departure justified outwardly: Rebekah invokes marriage danger to move Isaacוַתֹּ֤אמֶר
Indirect strategy governs the close rather than open report of Esau's threat. The concern over Hittite women provides the public rationale for Jacob's departure and links back to the previous chapter's bitterness notice.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַתֹּ֤אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; Rebekah now addresses Isaac — her third strategic speech act in the chapter.
רִבְקָה֙Rebekahproper noun · רִבְקָה (H7259)Subject of וַתֹּאמֶררִבְקָה (H7259); the agent of the whole plot now speaks to the patriarch to accomplish the third goal.
אֶלtoprep · אֵל (H413)Directional prepositionאֵל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks Isaac as the addressee of Rebekah's final speech.
יִצְחָ֔קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Object of prep אֶליִצְחָק (H3327); Rebekah addresses the patriarch to engineer Jacob's departure without revealing Esau's threat.
קַ֣צְתִּיI loatheQal perf 1cs · קוּץ (H6973)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: completed state of disgustקוּץ (H6973) 'to be disgusted, loathe'; a strong word for the disgust Rebekah claims to feel.
בְחַיַּ֔יmy lifeprep בְּ + N m pl cstr + 1cs suff · חַי (H2416)Object of קַצְתִּי (content of loathing)חַי (H2416) 'life, living'; 'I loathe my life' — Rebekah's dramatic claim to motivate Isaac.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep מִן + N (c) pl cstr · פָּנִים (H6440)Causal prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; מִפְּנֵי = 'because of, on account of'; the stated reason for her loathing.
בְּנ֣וֹתthe daughters ofN f pl cstr · בַּת (H1323)Object of מִפְּנֵי (construct)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; the Hittite daughters are the pretext for Rebekah's scheme.
חֵ֑תHethproper noun · חֵת (H2845)Construct genitiveחֵת (H2845) the Hittite ancestor; the daughters of Heth = Esau's wives (cf. 26:34-35).
אִםifconj · אִם (H518)Conditional conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'; introduces the hypothetical that is really a certainty Rebekah wants to prevent.
לֹקֵ֣חַtakesQal ptc m sg abs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate participle (conditional protasis)→ Participle: ongoing feared actionלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; ptc = ongoing feared possibility — 'if Jacob were to take.'
יַ֠עֲקֹבJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Subject of לֹקֵחַיַעֲקֹב (H3290); Jacob as the one whose marital choice could be disastrous — stated without naming the real threat.
אִשָּׁ֨הa wifeN f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Direct object of לֹקֵחַאִשָּׁה (H802) 'woman, wife'; a wife from among the Hittite women — the pretext concern.
מִבְּנֽוֹתfrom the daughters ofprep מִן + N f pl cstr · בַּת (H1323)Source prepositional phraseבַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; a wife from among the daughters = from the local women.
חֵ֤תHethproper noun · חֵת (H2845)Construct genitiveחֵת (H2845); the Hittite women Rebekah claims are the source of her loathing.
כָּאֵ֨לֶּה֙like theseprep כְּ + dem pron cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Comparative demonstrative phraseאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; 'like these' = like Esau's Hittite wives who had already caused grief.
מִבְּנ֣וֹתfrom the daughters ofprep מִן + N f pl cstr · בַּת (H1323)Second source prepositional phrase (appositive)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter'; the appositional phrase specifies — local Canaanite women.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct genitiveאֶרֶץ (H776) 'earth, land'; 'daughters of the land' = the local Canaanite population.
לָ֥מָּהwhyprep לְ + interrog · מָה (H4100)Interrogative adverb (rhetorical)לָמָּה 'why'; the rhetorical question closing the chapter — 'what is the point of living?'
לִּ֖יto meprep לְ + 1cs suffDative of referenceלְ with 1cs suff = 'to me, for me'; לָמָּה לִּי = 'what is life to me?' — the closing lament.
חַיִּֽיםlifeN m pl abs · חַיִּים (H2416)Subject of verbless clauseחַיִּים (H2416) 'life, lives'; 'what is life to me?' — Rebekah's dramatic closing claim achieves the goal of sending Jacob away.