Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Exodus, Chapter 6שמות 6

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

YHWH answers Moses' complaint by grounding future deliverance in his eternal name and the sevenfold promise to the patriarchs, but Israel, crushed by bondage, cannot hear it; the narrative pauses for Levi's genealogy to credential Moses and Aaron before resuming the commission almost verbatim, unbelief still unresolved.

Translation & textual notes

Exodus 6 is widely regarded by source-critical scholars as a seam text: vv. 2-8, with its formal 'I am YHWH' self-disclosure and the Elohim/El Shaddai vocabulary of vv. 2-3, is usually assigned to the Priestly source, presenting an alternative account of the revelation of the divine name alongside the Yahwistic call narrative of ch. 3 and the older tradition in which the name YHWH was already known and invoked before Moses (Gen 4:26; 12:8; 26:25). The MT text itself is stable through the chapter; the Samaritan Pentateuch and LXX show only minor harmonizing variants (e.g., some name-spelling differences in the genealogy, such as LXX Ζαρε for Zohar/Zerah, matching the variant also found at Num 26:13). The genealogy of vv. 14-25 is formally a partial list — only Reuben, Simeon, and Levi are given, since only these are needed to certify Moses and Aaron's descent — framed by an inclusio (vv. 26-27) that most modern commentators take as the compositional seam marking the whole unit as an inserted, later credentialing device set within the exodus narrative.

1

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה עַתָּ֣ה תִרְאֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְפַרְעֹ֑ה כִּ֣י בְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וּבְיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖ם מֵאַרְצֽוֹ

Then YHWH said to Moses, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh: for by a strong hand he will send them out, and by a strong hand he will drive them out of his land.”

Narrative sequence, continuing directly from 5:22-23וַ (wayyiqtol)
Opens YHWH's reply to Moses's complaint in 5:22-23, promising decisive action against Pharaoh using the paired refrain of a 'strong hand' (שלח / גרש).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרsaidconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol narrative)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶל (addressee)Moses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
עַתָּ֣הnowadv · עַתָּה (H6258)Temporal adverb (fronted, marking a turning point)'now'; temporal adverb marking a decisive turning point.
תִרְאֶ֔הyou will seeQal impf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb of embedded object clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — ongoing or future'to see'; here of witnessing God's action, and (Niphal, v.3) 'to appear, be seen'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the object clausethe invariable relative particle 'which, that, who'.
אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖הI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — ongoing or future'to do, make'; broad verb of action/accomplishment.
לְפַרְעֹ֑הto Pharaohprep + proper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Prepositional phrase (dative of disadvantage)Pharaoh; Egyptian loanword pr-ʿ3 'great house', the royal title of Egypt's king.
כִּ֣יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction introducing the ground of the actionconjunction 'for, because, that'.
בְיָ֤דby a handprep + N c sg abs · יָד (H3027)Instrumental prepositional phrase'hand'; often figurative for power/agency, as in the refrain 'a strong hand'.
חֲזָקָה֙strongAdj f sg abs · חָזָק (H2389)Attributive adjective modifying יָד'strong, mighty', from חזק 'to be strong'; describes the divine hand that compels Pharaoh.
יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔םhe will send themPiel impf 3ms + pron sfx 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — ongoing or future'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the exodus refrain (Pharaoh 'sending away' Israel).
וּבְיָ֣דand by a handconj + prep + N c sg abs · יָד (H3027)Coordinated instrumental prepositional phrase (resumptive parallel)'hand'; often figurative for power/agency, as in the refrain 'a strong hand'.
חֲזָקָ֔הstrongAdj f sg abs · חָזָק (H2389)Attributive adjective modifying יָד'strong, mighty', from חזק 'to be strong'; describes the divine hand that compels Pharaoh.
יְגָרְשֵׁ֖םhe will drive them outPiel impf 3ms + pron sfx 3mp · גָּרַשׁ (H1644)Predicate verb (parallel clause, synonymous intensification)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/future — intensifying שלח with the stronger verb 'expel''to drive out, expel'; stronger than שלח, stressing forcible expulsion.
מֵאַרְצֽוֹfrom his landprep + N c sg cstr + pron sfx 3ms · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phrase of separation (source)'land, earth, territory'.
2

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה

God spoke to Moses and said to him, “I am YHWH.”

New speech unit, Elohistic introductionוַ (wayyiqtol)
Marks a formal, solemn new divine speech (note the shift to אֱלֹהִים, then the self-disclosure 'I am YHWH'), often read by source critics as a Priestly parallel to the Yahwistic call narrative of ch. 3.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokeconj + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — introduces the formal divine speech of vv. 2-8'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּר'God'; generic term for deity, plural in form (plural of majesty) but construed as singular of Israel's God.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
מֹשֶׁ֑הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand saidconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (resumptive, introducing direct speech)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance resuming/specifying the preceding וַיְדַבֵּר'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
אֵלָ֖יוto himprep + pron sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (resumptive object)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
אֲנִ֥יIindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic independent pronoun)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate nominative (self-identification formula)YHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
3

וָאֵרָ֗א אֶל אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֶל יִצְחָ֥ק וְאֶֽל יַעֲקֹ֖ב בְּאֵ֣ל שַׁדָּ֑י וּשְׁמִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָהֶֽם

I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as El Shaddai, but by my name YHWH I did not make myself known to them.

Elaboration — content of the divine self-disclosureasyndeton
The theological crux of the chapter: God recalls appearing to the patriarchs under the name/title El Shaddai, contrasted with the name YHWH, 'not made known' to them — in tension with texts where YHWH is already invoked before Moses (Gen 4:26; 12:8; 26:25). See text_note.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וָאֵרָ֗אand I appearedconj + Niphal wayyiqtol 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol, divine first person)→ Wayyiqtol (Niphal): foregrounded narrative advance — God recounts his own past self-revelation'to see'; here of witnessing God's action, and (Niphal, v.3) 'to appear, be seen'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking recipient of appearance'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
אַבְרָהָ֛םAbrahamproper noun · אַבְרָהָם (H85)Object of preposition אֶל (first of three recipients)Abraham, the first patriarch, recipient of the covenant of land and seed (Gen 12; 15; 17).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (second recipient)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
יִצְחָ֥קIsaacproper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Object of preposition אֶל (second recipient)Isaac, the second patriarch.
וְאֶֽלand toconj + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinated prepositional phrase (third recipient)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
יַעֲקֹ֖בJacobproper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Object of preposition אֶל (third recipient)Jacob, the third patriarch, renamed Israel (Gen 32:29).
בְּאֵ֣לas Elprep + N m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Prepositional phrase of manner/capacity (the name under which God appeared)'God, god, deity'; here in the compound divine title אֵל שַׁדָּי.
שַׁדָּ֑יShaddaiproper noun · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Second element of the divine title (in apposition to אֵל)'Shaddai, Almighty'; disputed etymology; paired with אֵל as the patriarchal name for God (Gen 17:1; 35:11).
וּשְׁמִ֣יbut my nameconj + N m sg cstr + pron sfx 1cs · שֵׁם (H8034)Subject of the following verbless clause (fronted for contrast)'name'; here the divine name/self-revelation, central to the chapter's theology.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate of the verbless clause 'my name is YHWH'YHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
לֹ֥אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle negating נוֹדַעְתִּיthe ordinary negative particle 'not'.
נוֹדַ֖עְתִּיI was made knownNiphal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (main clause, Niphal)→ Perfective (Niphal): a completed state — the patriarchs did not experience God under this name'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
לָהֶֽםto themprep + pron sfx 3mp · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of the ones to whom God was/was not known)
4

וְגַ֨ם הֲקִמֹ֤תִי אֶת בְּרִיתִי֙ אִתָּ֔ם לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם אֶת אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן אֵ֛ת אֶ֥רֶץ מְגֻרֵיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר גָּ֥רוּ בָֽהּ

I also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their sojournings, in which they sojourned.

Coordinate elaboration — a second, parallel covenant factוְ (also/moreover)
Recalls the covenant of land (Gen 15; 17), grounding the promises that follow in a prior divine commitment, not a new arrangement.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְגַ֨םand alsoconj + particle (emphatic) · גַּם (H1571)Emphatic particle introducing a coordinate, parallel divine actemphatic/additive particle 'also, even, moreover'.
הֲקִמֹ֤תִיI have establishedHiphil perf 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective (Hiphil): a completed, decisive act — confirmation of the covenant already accomplished'to rise'; Hiphil 'to establish, confirm' (a covenant).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
בְּרִיתִי֙my covenantN f sg cstr + pron sfx 1cs · בְּרִית (H1285)Direct object of הֲקִמֹתִי'covenant'; the patriarchal covenant (Gen 15; 17) which God now 'remembers' and acts to fulfill.
אִתָּ֔םwith themprep + pron sfx 3mp · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (co-parties of the covenant)preposition 'with, together with' (a word distinct from the object marker H853, though similarly spelled).
לָתֵ֥תto giveprep + Qal inf construct · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct expressing purpose→ Non-finite (inf. construct): purpose/complement clause'to give'; verb of grant/bestowal, used of the land grant to the patriarchs and their descendants.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + pron sfx 3mp · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (indirect object/recipient)
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN c sg cstr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of לָתֵת (construct head)'land, earth, territory'.
כְּנָ֑עַןCanaanproper noun · כְּנַעַן (H3667)Construct genitive (nomen rectum) of אֶרֶץCanaan, the land promised to the patriarchs.
אֵ֛ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (resumptive apposition)the untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c sg cstr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object in apposition to 'land of Canaan''land, earth, territory'.
מְגֻרֵיהֶ֖םtheir sojourningsN m pl cstr + pron sfx 3mp · מָגוֹר (H4033)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)'sojourning, (land of) alien residence', from גור; underscores the patriarchs' status as resident aliens.
אֲשֶׁרin whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing a relative clause modifying אֶרֶץ מְגֻרֵיהֶםthe invariable relative particle 'which, that, who'.
גָּ֥רוּthey sojournedQal perf 3cp · גּוּר (H1481)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed state of past residence — the patriarchs' status as resident aliens'to sojourn, dwell as a resident alien'.
בָֽהּin itprep + pron sfx 3fs · בְּ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (resumptive, referring back to אֶרֶץ)
5

וְגַ֣ם אֲנִ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶֽת נַאֲקַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם מַעֲבִדִ֣ים אֹתָ֑ם וָאֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת בְּרִיתִֽי

Moreover I have heard the groaning of the Israelites whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered my covenant.

Coordinate elaboration — a third parallel groundוְ (also/moreover)
Shifts from the patriarchal past to the present crisis: God's hearing of Israel's groaning and remembering of the covenant supplies the immediate motive for the redemption promises of vv. 6-8.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְגַ֣םand alsoconj + particle (emphatic) · גַּם (H1571)Emphatic particle introducing a second parallel divine actemphatic/additive particle 'also, even, moreover'.
אֲנִ֣יIindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic pronoun, resumed by the verb's suffix)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
שָׁמַ֗עְתִּיhave heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act — God's hearing is already accomplished, grounding the promises to follow'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
נַאֲקַת֙the groaning ofN f sg cstr · נְאָקָה (H5009)Direct object of שָׁמַעְתִּי (construct head)'groaning, cry of anguish'; a rare word for the inarticulate cry of the oppressed.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct genitive chain (continuing נַאֲקַת construct)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), completing the chainIsrael; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhomrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing a relative clausethe invariable relative particle 'which, that, who'.
מִצְרַ֖יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Subject of the relative clause (Egypt as agent)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
מַעֲבִדִ֣יםare enslavingHiphil ptc m pl abs · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb of relative clause (participle)→ Participle: durative, characterizing action — Egypt's ongoing, present enslavement of Israel'to work, serve'; Hiphil 'to cause to serve, enslave' — the verb of Egyptian oppression.
אֹתָ֑םthemobj marker + pron sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object (pronominal suffix on obj. marker) of מַעֲבִדִיםthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
וָאֶזְכֹּ֖רand I have rememberedconj + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — God's active, covenant-engaging remembrance following his hearing'to remember'; not mere recall but covenantal engagement — God 'remembering' means acting to fulfill.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
בְּרִיתִֽיmy covenantN f sg cstr + pron sfx 1cs · בְּרִית (H1285)Direct object of וָאֶזְכֹּר'covenant'; the patriarchal covenant (Gen 15; 17) which God now 'remembers' and acts to fulfill.
6

לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִבְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֒ וְהוֹצֵאתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִתַּ֨חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵעֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וְגָאַלְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים

Therefore say to the Israelites: I am YHWH, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will deliver you from their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments.

Inferential — result/response introducing the core promiseלָכֵן (therefore)
The therefore marks the hinge of the chapter: because God has heard and remembered (vv. 2-5), he now commands that the message of redemption be delivered. Opens the sequence of seven first-person 'I will' verbs (vv. 6-8), the chapter's theological center.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
לָכֵ֞ןthereforeprep + adv · כֵּן (H3651)Inferential conjunction introducing the consequence/response to vv. 2-5'thus, so'; adverbial, of Moses's faithful transmission of the message.
אֱמֹ֥רsayQal impv 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional (imperative): a direct command initiating the formal message to Israel'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
לִבְנֵֽיto the sons ofprep + N m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phrase marking the addressee (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֘לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive completing 'sons of Israel'Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
אֲנִ֣יIindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic pronoun, opening the quoted message)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
יְהוָה֒YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate nominative (self-identification, opening the 'I will' series)YHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
וְהוֹצֵאתִ֣יand I will bring outconj + Hiphil weqatal 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (first of the seven 'I will' promises)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — the first link in the chain of covenant-redemption promises'to go out, come out'; in Hiphil 'to bring out' — the chapter's central deliverance verb, opening the sevenfold promise (v. 6) and recurring as Aaron and Moses's defining act (vv. 7, 11, 13, 26, 27).
אֶתְכֶ֗םyouobj marker + pron sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְהוֹצֵאתִיthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
מִתַּ֨חַת֙from underprep + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Compound prepositional phrase of separation'under, beneath, instead of'; here of removal from a condition of servitude.
סִבְלֹ֣תthe burdens ofN f pl cstr · סֵבֶל (H5450)Object of preposition (construct head)'burden, forced labor', from סבל 'to bear a load'; the technical term for Egypt's corvée labor.
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
וְהִצַּלְתִּ֥יand I will deliverconj + Hiphil weqatal 1cs · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (second 'I will' promise)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — second promise, rescue from oppression'to snatch away, deliver, rescue'; Hiphil, of rescue from danger or oppression.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + pron sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְהִצַּלְתִּיthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
מֵעֲבֹדָתָ֑םfrom their bondageprep + N f sg cstr + pron sfx 3mp · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Prepositional phrase of separation'service, labor, bondage'; abstract noun from עבד, the condition of servitude itself.
וְגָאַלְתִּ֤יand I will redeemconj + Qal weqatal 1cs · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (third 'I will' promise)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — third promise, the kinsman-redeemer verb frames the exodus as covenant-obligated rescue'to redeem'; the kinsman-redeemer verb, framing the exodus as covenant-obligated rescue, not mere aid.
אֶתְכֶם֙youobj marker + pron sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְגָאַלְתִּיthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
בִּזְר֣וֹעַwith an armprep + N c sg abs · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Instrumental prepositional phrase'arm'; a common anthropomorphism for divine power, esp. in deliverance contexts.
נְטוּיָ֔הoutstretchedQal passive ptc f sg abs · נָטָה (H5186)Attributive passive participle modifying זְרוֹעַ→ Participle (passive): a state/quality — the arm poised and extended to act'to stretch out, extend'.
וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖יםand with judgmentsconj + prep + N m pl abs · שֶׁפֶט (H8201)Instrumental prepositional phrase (coordinate with בִּזְרוֹעַ)'act of judgment'; rare plural denoting the plagues as judicial acts against Egypt and its gods.
גְּדֹלִֽיםgreatAdj m pl abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective modifying שְׁפָטִים'great, large'; intensifying the judgments as extraordinary.
7

וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֥ם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם

And I will take you as my people, and I will be your God; and you will know that I am YHWH your God, who brings you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.

Continuation — fourth through sixth 'I will' promisesוְ (and)
The covenant formula ('you shall be my people... I will be your God') recasts the exodus as covenant-making, not mere rescue; the result clause 'you will know that I am YHWH' makes recognition of the divine name the goal of the whole action.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְלָקַחְתִּ֨יand I will takeconj + Qal weqatal 1cs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (fourth 'I will' promise)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — fourth promise, election formula 'take as my people''to take'; here 'take as (a people)' and 'take (a wife)' in the genealogy.
אֶתְכֶ֥םyouobj marker + pron sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְלָקַחְתִּיthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
לִי֙for myselfprep + pron sfx 1cs · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of interest/possession)
לְעָ֔םas a peopleprep + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Predicative prepositional phrase (complement of לָקַח, 'take as')'people'; the covenant-formula term ('you will be my people').
וְהָיִ֥יתִיand I will beconj + Qal weqatal 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (fifth 'I will' promise)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — fifth promise, covenant formula 'I will be your God''to be, become'; in the covenant formula, and the narrative formula 'and it came to pass'.
לָכֶ֖םto/for youprep + pron sfx 2mp · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative complement)
לֵֽאלֹהִ֑יםas Godprep + N m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Predicative prepositional phrase (complement of הָיָה, 'be as')'God'; generic term for deity, plural in form (plural of majesty) but construed as singular of Israel's God.
וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗םand you will knowconj + Qal weqatal 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (main clause, result of the preceding promises)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — result clause, Israel's experiential recognition of YHWH'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
כִּ֣יthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Complementizer conjunction introducing the object clauseconjunction 'for, because, that'.
אֲנִ֤יIindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic pronoun)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate nominative (self-identification, object clause)YHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔םyour GodN m pl cstr + pron sfx 2mp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Predicate nominative in apposition to יְהוָה'God'; generic term for deity, plural in form (plural of majesty) but construed as singular of Israel's God.
הַמּוֹצִ֣יאthe one bringing outart + Hiphil ptc m sg abs · יָצָא (H3318)Substantized participle in apposition to יְהוָה→ Participle: characterizing/durative — YHWH identified by the very act of deliverance'to go out, come out'; in Hiphil 'to bring out' — the chapter's central deliverance verb, opening the sevenfold promise (v. 6) and recurring as Aaron and Moses's defining act (vv. 7, 11, 13, 26, 27).
אֶתְכֶ֔םyouobj marker + pron sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of הַמּוֹצִיאthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
מִתַּ֖חַתfrom underprep + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Compound prepositional phrase of separation'under, beneath, instead of'; here of removal from a condition of servitude.
סִבְל֥וֹתthe burdens ofN f pl cstr · סֵבֶל (H5450)Object of preposition (construct head)'burden, forced labor', from סבל 'to bear a load'; the technical term for Egypt's corvée labor.
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
8

וְהֵבֵאתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֣ת אֹתָ֔הּ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֹתָ֥הּ לָכֶ֛ם מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה

And I will bring you into the land that I swore to give to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, and I will give it to you as a possession. I am YHWH.

Continuation — seventh, climactic promiseוְ (and)
Closes the promise-speech with the land grant sworn to the patriarchs (echoing v. 4) and the repeated self-identification 'I am YHWH', forming an inclusio with v. 6.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְהֵבֵאתִ֤יand I will bringconj + Hiphil weqatal 1cs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (sixth 'I will' promise)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — sixth promise, entry into the land'to come, go in'; Hiphil 'to bring, cause to enter'.
אֶתְכֶם֙youobj marker + pron sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְהֵבֵאתִיthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase of goal/destination'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of preposition אֶל'land, earth, territory'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing a relative clause modifying הָאָרֶץthe invariable relative particle 'which, that, who'.
נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙I lifted/sworeQal perf 1cs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, prior act — the patriarchal oath, now the basis for present promise'to lift, carry, bear'; here in the idiom נָשָׂאתִי אֶת יָדִי 'I lifted my hand', i.e. 'I swore an oath' (a gesture of oath-taking).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
יָדִ֔יmy handN c sg cstr + pron sfx 1cs · יָד (H3027)Direct object of נָשָׂאתִי (idiom: 'lift the hand' = swear)'hand'; often figurative for power/agency, as in the refrain 'a strong hand'.
לָתֵ֣תto giveprep + Qal inf construct · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct expressing the content/purpose of the oath→ Non-finite (inf. construct): purpose/complement clause'to give'; verb of grant/bestowal, used of the land grant to the patriarchs and their descendants.
אֹתָ֔הּitobj marker + pron sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct object of לָתֵת (resumptive, referring to הָאָרֶץ)the untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
לְאַבְרָהָ֥םto Abrahamprep + proper noun · אַבְרָהָם (H85)Prepositional phrase (indirect object, first of three recipients)Abraham, the first patriarch, recipient of the covenant of land and seed (Gen 12; 15; 17).
לְיִצְחָ֖קto Isaacprep + proper noun · יִצְחָק (H3327)Prepositional phrase (second recipient)Isaac, the second patriarch.
וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑בand to Jacobconj + prep + proper noun · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Coordinated prepositional phrase (third recipient)Jacob, the third patriarch, renamed Israel (Gen 32:29).
וְנָתַתִּ֨יand I will giveconj + Qal weqatal 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (seventh, climactic 'I will' promise)→ Weqatal: volitional-future — climactic promise, the actual grant of the land'to give'; verb of grant/bestowal, used of the land grant to the patriarchs and their descendants.
אֹתָ֥הּitobj marker + pron sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְנָתַתִּי (resumptive)the untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
לָכֶ֛םto youprep + pron sfx 2mp · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)
מוֹרָשָׁ֖הas a possessionN f sg abs · מוֹרָשָׁה (H4181)Predicative accusative (complement describing the gift's status)'possession, inheritance'; rare term for a permanent, hereditary landholding.
אֲנִ֥יIindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic pronoun, closing formula)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate nominative (closing self-identification, framing the promise-speech)YHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
9

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֛ה כֵּ֖ן אֶל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִקֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ וּמֵעֲבֹדָ֖ה קָשָֽׁה

Moses spoke thus to the Israelites, but they did not listen to Moses, because of their broken spirit and their harsh slavery.

Narrative sequence — Moses's compliance and Israel's responseasyndeton
Reports the promise's reception: despite its scope, Israel cannot hear it, their capacity for hope crushed by suffering — 'shortness of spirit and harsh bondage.' A sobering counterpoint to the preceding promises.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand spokeconj + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — Moses's relay of the message'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
מֹשֶׁ֛הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּרMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
כֵּ֖ןthusparticle · כֵּן (H3651)Manner adverb/particle, confirming faithful transmission of the message'thus, so'; adverbial, of Moses's faithful transmission of the message.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
וְלֹ֤אbut notconj + neg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle negating שָׁמְעוּthe ordinary negative particle 'not'.
שָֽׁמְעוּ֙they listenedQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed (failed) act — Israel's non-response despite the promises'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
מִקֹּ֣צֶרbecause of shortness ofprep + N m sg cstr · קֹצֶר (H7115)Causal prepositional phrase (construct head)'shortness'; construct with רוּחַ, a rare idiom for crushed morale.
ר֔וּחַspiritN c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), completing 'shortness of spirit''spirit, wind, breath'; here 'shortness of spirit', i.e. crushed morale.
וּמֵעֲבֹדָ֖הand because of servitudeconj + prep + N f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Coordinated causal prepositional phrase'service, labor, bondage'; abstract noun from עבד, the condition of servitude itself.
קָשָֽׁהhardAdj f sg abs · קָשֶׁה (H7186)Attributive adjective modifying עֲבֹדָה'hard, harsh, severe'; of the cruelty of Israel's forced labor.
10

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

And YHWH spoke to Moses, saying,

Narrative sequence — new divine speechasyndeton
Formulaic introduction opening the command to approach Pharaoh directly.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand spokeconj + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol, new speech unit)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance introducing a new divine speech'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּרYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf construct · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct introducing direct discourse (quotative frame)→ Non-finite (inf. construct): purpose/complement clause'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
11

בֹּ֣א דַבֵּ֔ר אֶל פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וִֽישַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ

“Go, speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the Israelites go out of his land.”

Direct discourse — divine commandasyndeton
The actual content of YHWH's speech: a blunt double imperative commissioning Moses to confront Pharaoh.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
בֹּ֣אgoQal impv 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional (imperative): a direct command to approach Pharaoh'to come, go in'; Hiphil 'to bring, cause to enter'.
דַבֵּ֔רspeakPiel impv 2ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (coordinated imperative)→ Volitional (imperative): second command, specifying the content of the approach'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of preposition אֶלPharaoh; Egyptian loanword pr-ʿ3 'great house', the royal title of Egypt's king.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg cstr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to פַּרְעֹה (construct head)'king'; construct 'king of Egypt', Pharaoh's formal title.
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
וִֽישַׁלַּ֥חthat he may send awayconj + Piel impf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (purpose/result clause)→ Yiqtol (jussive nuance): purpose/result — the intended outcome of Moses's speaking to Pharaoh'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the exodus refrain (Pharaoh 'sending away' Israel).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
מֵאַרְצֽוֹfrom his landprep + N c sg cstr + pron sfx 3ms · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phrase of separation'land, earth, territory'.
12

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה וַאֲנִ֖י עֲרַ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽיִם

But Moses spoke before YHWH, saying, “Behold, the Israelites have not listened to me; how then will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am of uncircumcised lips?”

Narrative sequence — Moses's objectionasyndeton
Moses raises an a fortiori argument: if Israel, his own people, would not listen, how much less will Pharaoh — reprising his 'uncircumcised lips' self-assessment (cf. 4:10).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand spokeconj + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — Moses's response/objection'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּרMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep + N c pl cstr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase (locative — in the presence of)'face'; fixed idiom לִפְנֵי 'before, in the presence of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵיYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf construct · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct introducing direct discourse→ Non-finite (inf. construct): purpose/complement clause'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
הֵ֤ןbeholdparticle · הֵן (H2005)Deictic particle introducing Moses's protestdeictic/asseverative particle 'behold, if'.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct head) of שָׁמְעוּ'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙Israelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
לֹֽאnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle negating שָׁמְעוּthe ordinary negative particle 'not'.
שָׁמְע֣וּhave listenedQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (main clause of the protest)→ Perfective: a completed (failed) act, cited as evidence for Moses's objection'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
אֵלַ֔יto meprep + pron sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
וְאֵיךְ֙so howconj + interrog particle · אֵיךְ (H349)Interrogative particle introducing a rhetorical a fortiori questioninterrogative adverb 'how'.
יִשְׁמָעֵ֣נִיwill he listen to meQal impf 3ms + pron sfx 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb of the rhetorical question→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a doubted future possibility'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
פַרְעֹ֔הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subject of יִשְׁמָעֵנִיPharaoh; Egyptian loanword pr-ʿ3 'great house', the royal title of Egypt's king.
וַאֲנִ֖יseeing that Iconj + indep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (circumstantial clause, concessive/causal)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
עֲרַ֥לam uncircumcised ofAdj m sg cstr · עָרֵל (H6189)Predicate adjective (construct head) of the circumstantial clause'uncircumcised'; figurative of lips/speech, i.e. unfit, deficient.
שְׂפָתָֽיִםlipsN f du abs · שָׂפָה (H8193)Genitive complement of עֲרַל (construct chain)'lip'; dual שְׂפָתַיִם 'lips/speech', the organ (and by metonymy the faculty) of speech.
13

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל אַהֲרֹן֒ וַיְצַוֵּם֙ אֶל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶל פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And YHWH spoke to Moses and to Aaron, and charged them concerning the Israelites and concerning Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.

Narrative sequence — divine response/recommissioningasyndeton
God's answer to Moses's objection is not reassurance but a formal, repeated charge — now naming Aaron alongside Moses — that also serves as the hinge introducing the genealogy of vv. 14-27.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand spokeconj + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance, resolving Moses's objection with a fresh divine charge'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
יְהוָה֮YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּרYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee (first)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
מֹשֶׁ֣הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶל (first addressee)Moses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
וְאֶֽלand toconj + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinated prepositional phrase (second addressee)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
אַהֲרֹן֒Aaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Object of preposition אֶל — Aaron now includedAaron, Moses's elder brother, Israel's first high priest, ancestor of the priestly line.
וַיְצַוֵּם֙and commanded themconj + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + pron sfx 3mp · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — a formal charge/commission'to command'; Piel, the verb of authoritative charge.
אֶלconcerningprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the object of the charge'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
וְאֶלand concerningconj + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinated prepositional phrase'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
פַּרְעֹ֖הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of preposition אֶלPharaoh; Egyptian loanword pr-ʿ3 'great house', the royal title of Egypt's king.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg cstr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to פַּרְעֹה (construct head)'king'; construct 'king of Egypt', Pharaoh's formal title.
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
לְהוֹצִ֥יאto bring outprep + Hiphil inf construct · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct expressing the purpose of the charge→ Non-finite (inf. construct): purpose/complement clause'to go out, come out'; in Hiphil 'to bring out' — the chapter's central deliverance verb, opening the sevenfold promise (v. 6) and recurring as Aaron and Moses's defining act (vv. 7, 11, 13, 26, 27).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
מֵאֶ֥רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N c sg cstr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phrase of separation (construct head)'land, earth, territory'.
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
14

אֵ֖לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֣י בֵית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּנֵ֨י רְאוּבֵ֜ן בְּכֹ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל חֲנ֤וֹךְ וּפַלּוּא֙ חֶצְר֣וֹן וְכַרְמִ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת רְאוּבֵֽן

These are the heads of their fathers' houses: the sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi; these are the clans of Reuben.

Digression — genealogical excursus beginsasyndeton
The narrative pauses for a formal tribal register, opening with Reuben (the firstborn) though the list's real interest is Levi (vv. 16-25), establishing Moses and Aaron's credentials.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative pronoun, subject of the verbless heading clausecommon-gender demonstrative pronoun 'these'; the recurring formula (אֵלֶּה + construct noun) that opens and closes each genealogical unit.
רָאשֵׁ֣יthe heads ofN m pl cstr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Predicate nominative (construct head)'head'; construct plural רָאשֵׁי 'heads of', the leading men of the ancestral houses.
בֵיתthe house ofN m sg cstr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct genitive continuing the chain'house'; construct בֵּית אָבוֹת 'house of the fathers', an ancestral/patrilineal family unit.
אֲבֹתָ֑םtheir fathersN m pl cstr + pron sfx 3mp · אָב (H1)Construct genitive completing 'house of their fathers''father'; plural 'fathers, ancestors'.
בְּנֵ֨יthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head), resuming for Reuben'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
רְאוּבֵ֜ןReubenproper noun · רְאוּבֵן (H7205)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Reuben, Jacob's firstborn (by Leah), who lost the birthright (Gen 49:3-4; 1 Chr 5:1).
בְּכֹ֣רthe firstborn ofN m sg cstr · בְּכוֹר (H1060)Apposition to רְאוּבֵן (construct head)'firstborn'; the legal/social status of primogeniture.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
חֲנ֤וֹךְHanochproper noun · חֲנוֹךְ (H2585)First member of an asyndetic name-list (apposition to בְּנֵי רְאוּבֵן)Hanoch, first-named son of Reuben (Gen 46:9; Num 26:5).
וּפַלּוּא֙and Palluconj + proper noun · פַּלּוּא (H6396)Coordinate list itemPallu, second son of Reuben.
חֶצְר֣וֹןHezronproper noun · חֶצְרוֹן (H2696)Coordinate list item (asyndetic)Hezron, third son of Reuben (also a Judahite name, Gen 46:12).
וְכַרְמִ֔יand Carmiconj + proper noun · כַּרְמִי (H3756)Coordinate list itemCarmi, fourth son of Reuben.
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative pronoun, subject of the closing summary clausecommon-gender demonstrative pronoun 'these'; the recurring formula (אֵלֶּה + construct noun) that opens and closes each genealogical unit.
מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥תare the clans ofN f pl cstr · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Predicate nominative (construct head)'clan, family'; the sub-tribal unit, in construct 'clans of X', structuring the list.
רְאוּבֵֽןReubenproper noun · רְאוּבֵן (H7205)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), closing the unit (inclusio with v. 14a)Reuben, Jacob's firstborn (by Leah), who lost the birthright (Gen 49:3-4; 1 Chr 5:1).
15

וּבְנֵ֣י שִׁמְע֗וֹן יְמוּאֵ֨ל וְיָמִ֤ין וְאֹ֨הַד֙ וְיָכִ֣ין וְצֹ֔חַר וְשָׁא֖וּל בֶּן הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑ית אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת שִׁמְעֽוֹן

And the sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Saul the son of the Canaanite woman; these are the clans of Simeon.

Coordinate genealogical unit — Simeonוְ (and)
Second tribe in birth order; notably includes Saul 'son of the Canaanite woman,' an unusual note of intermarriage.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וּבְנֵ֣יand the sons ofconj + N m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head), new unit'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
שִׁמְע֗וֹןSimeonproper noun · שִׁמְעוֹן (H8095)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Simeon, Jacob's second son (by Leah), whose line was scattered within Israel (Gen 49:5-7).
יְמוּאֵ֨לJemuelproper noun · יְמוּאֵל (H3223)First member of the asyndetic name-listJemuel, first-named son of Simeon (Nemuel in Num 26:12).
וְיָמִ֤יןand Jaminconj + proper noun · יָמִין (H3226)Coordinate list itemJamin, second son of Simeon.
וְאֹ֨הַד֙and Ohadconj + proper noun · אֹהַד (H161)Coordinate list itemOhad, third son of Simeon (unattested elsewhere).
וְיָכִ֣יןand Jachinconj + proper noun · יָכִין (H3199)Coordinate list itemJachin, fourth son of Simeon.
וְצֹ֔חַרand Zoharconj + proper noun · צֹחַר (H6714)Coordinate list itemZohar, fifth son of Simeon (Zerah in Num 26:13).
וְשָׁא֖וּלand Saulconj + proper noun · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Coordinate list itemSaul, sixth son of Simeon, distinguished as 'son of the Canaanite woman'.
בֶּןson ofN m sg cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition to שָׁאוּל (construct head), noting maternal ethnicity'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑יתthe Canaanite womanart + gentilic N f sg abs · כְּנַעֲנִי (H3669)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)gentilic 'Canaanite'; here feminine, marking Saul's mother's ethnicity.
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative pronoun, subject of the closing summary clausecommon-gender demonstrative pronoun 'these'; the recurring formula (אֵלֶּה + construct noun) that opens and closes each genealogical unit.
מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥תare the clans ofN f pl cstr · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Predicate nominative (construct head)'clan, family'; the sub-tribal unit, in construct 'clans of X', structuring the list.
שִׁמְעֽוֹןSimeonproper noun · שִׁמְעוֹן (H8095)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), closing the unitSimeon, Jacob's second son (by Leah), whose line was scattered within Israel (Gen 49:5-7).
16

וְאֵ֨לֶּה שְׁמ֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי לֵוִי֙ לְתֹ֣לְדֹתָ֔ם גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן וּקְהָ֖ת וּמְרָרִ֑י וּשְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י לֵוִ֔י שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה

And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. And the years of the life of Levi were a hundred and thirty-seven years.

Coordinate genealogical unit — Levi (the focal tribe)וְ (and)
Levi's three sons and his own lifespan (137 years) open the sub-genealogy tracing the priestly line through Kohath and Amram to Aaron and Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאֵ֨לֶּהand theseconj + demonstrative pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative pronoun, subject of the heading clause (introduces the Levi genealogy)common-gender demonstrative pronoun 'these'; the recurring formula (אֵלֶּה + construct noun) that opens and closes each genealogical unit.
שְׁמ֤וֹתare the names ofN m pl cstr · שֵׁם (H8034)Predicate nominative (construct head)'name'; here the divine name/self-revelation, central to the chapter's theology.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct genitive chain'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
לֵוִי֙Leviproper noun · לֵוִי (H3878)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Levi, Jacob's third son (by Leah); ancestor of the priestly/cultic tribe, the genealogy's real focus.
לְתֹ֣לְדֹתָ֔םaccording to their generationsprep + N f pl cstr + pron sfx 3mp · תּוֹלֵדוֹת (H8435)Prepositional phrase of manner/standard'generations, genealogical line', from ילד; the formal heading term for a genealogical record.
גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹןGershonproper noun · גֵּרְשׁוֹן (H1648)First member of the name-list (Levi's firstborn)Gershon, Levi's firstborn, ancestor of the Gershonite Levitical clan (Num 3:17-20).
וּקְהָ֖תand Kohathconj + proper noun · קְהָת (H6955)Coordinate list item (the crucial line for Aaron/Moses)Kohath, Levi's second son, ancestor of Amram, Moses and Aaron's father.
וּמְרָרִ֑יand Merariconj + proper noun · מְרָרִי (H4847)Coordinate list itemMerari, Levi's third son, ancestor of the Merarite clan.
וּשְׁנֵי֙and the years ofconj + Number (card.) m du cstr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct head introducing the lifespan notice'year'; used in the genealogy's lifespan notices.
חַיֵּ֣יthe life ofN m pl cstr · חַי (H2416)Construct genitive chain'life, living'; construct חַיֵּי 'years of the life of', the fixed lifespan idiom.
לֵוִ֔יLeviproper noun · לֵוִי (H3878)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Levi, Jacob's third son (by Leah); ancestor of the priestly/cultic tribe, the genealogy's real focus.
שֶׁ֧בַעsevenNumber (card.) f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral, first element of the compound age (137)the numeral 'seven'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛יםand thirtyconj + Number (card.) c pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Numeral, second element (coordinated)the numeral 'thirty'.
וּמְאַ֖תand a hundred ofconj + Number (card.) c sg cstr · מֵאָה (H3967)Numeral (construct head), third elementthe numeral 'hundred'.
שָׁנָֽהyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct genitive (nomen rectum) completing '137 years''year'; used in the genealogy's lifespan notices.
17

בְּנֵ֥י גֵרְשׁ֛וֹן לִבְנִ֥י וְשִׁמְעִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם

The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, by their clans.

Sub-elaboration — Gershon's lineasyndeton
A brief notice, since the narrative's real interest lies with Kohath's line.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
גֵרְשׁ֛וֹןGershonproper noun · גֵּרְשׁוֹן (H1648)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Gershon, Levi's firstborn, ancestor of the Gershonite Levitical clan (Num 3:17-20).
לִבְנִ֥יLibniproper noun · לִבְנִי (H3845)First member of the name-list (apposition)Libni, first son of Gershon (Num 3:18).
וְשִׁמְעִ֖יand Shimeiconj + proper noun · שִׁמְעִי (H8096)Coordinate list itemShimei, second son of Gershon.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽםby their clansprep + N f pl cstr + pron sfx 3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Prepositional phrase of manner/standard, closing the unit'clan, family'; the sub-tribal unit, in construct 'clans of X', structuring the list.
18

וּבְנֵ֣י קְהָ֔ת עַמְרָ֣ם וְיִצְהָ֔ר וְחֶבְר֖וֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵ֑ל וּשְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י קְהָ֔ת שָׁלֹ֧שׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה

And the sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. And the years of the life of Kohath were a hundred and thirty-three years.

Sub-elaboration — Kohath's line, with lifespanוְ (and)
Kohath is the crucial link: his son Amram (v. 20) fathers Moses and Aaron.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וּבְנֵ֣יand the sons ofconj + N m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
קְהָ֔תKohathproper noun · קְהָת (H6955)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Kohath, Levi's second son, ancestor of Amram, Moses and Aaron's father.
עַמְרָ֣םAmramproper noun · עַמְרָם (H6019)First member of the name-list (Moses and Aaron's father)Amram, son of Kohath, father of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
וְיִצְהָ֔רand Izharconj + proper noun · יִצְהָר (H3324)Coordinate list itemIzhar, second son of Kohath, ancestor of Korah (Num 16).
וְחֶבְר֖וֹןand Hebronconj + proper noun · חֶבְרוֹן (H2275)Coordinate list itemHebron, third son of Kohath (also the well-known city's name).
וְעֻזִּיאֵ֑לand Uzzielconj + proper noun · עֻזִּיאֵל (H5816)Coordinate list itemUzziel, fourth son of Kohath.
וּשְׁנֵי֙and the years ofconj + Number (card.) m du cstr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct head introducing the lifespan notice'year'; used in the genealogy's lifespan notices.
חַיֵּ֣יthe life ofN m pl cstr · חַי (H2416)Construct genitive chain'life, living'; construct חַיֵּי 'years of the life of', the fixed lifespan idiom.
קְהָ֔תKohathproper noun · קְהָת (H6955)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Kohath, Levi's second son, ancestor of Amram, Moses and Aaron's father.
שָׁלֹ֧שׁthreeNumber (card.) f sg abs · שָׁלֹשׁ (H7969)Numeral, first element of the compound age (133)the numeral 'three'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛יםand thirtyconj + Number (card.) c pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Numeral, second elementthe numeral 'thirty'.
וּמְאַ֖תand a hundred ofconj + Number (card.) c sg cstr · מֵאָה (H3967)Numeral (construct head), third elementthe numeral 'hundred'.
שָׁנָֽהyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), completing '133 years''year'; used in the genealogy's lifespan notices.
19

וּבְנֵ֥י מְרָרִ֖י מַחְלִ֣י וּמוּשִׁ֑י אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַלֵּוִ֖י לְתֹלְדֹתָֽם

And the sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the clans of the Levites according to their generations.

Sub-elaboration — Merari's line, closing formulaוְ (and)
Closes the three-clan structure of Levi with a summary formula echoing v. 16.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּבְנֵ֥יand the sons ofconj + N m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
מְרָרִ֖יMerariproper noun · מְרָרִי (H4847)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Merari, Levi's third son, ancestor of the Merarite clan.
מַחְלִ֣יMahliproper noun · מַחְלִי (H4249)First member of the name-listMahli, first son of Merari.
וּמוּשִׁ֑יand Mushiconj + proper noun · מוּשִׁי (H4187)Coordinate list itemMushi, second son of Merari.
אֵ֛לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative pronoun, subject of the closing summary clause for all Levicommon-gender demonstrative pronoun 'these'; the recurring formula (אֵלֶּה + construct noun) that opens and closes each genealogical unit.
מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥תare the clans ofN f pl cstr · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Predicate nominative (construct head)'clan, family'; the sub-tribal unit, in construct 'clans of X', structuring the list.
הַלֵּוִ֖יthe Levite(s)art + gentilic N m sg abs · לֵוִי (H3878)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), closing the whole Levi unitLevi, Jacob's third son (by Leah); ancestor of the priestly/cultic tribe, the genealogy's real focus.
לְתֹלְדֹתָֽםaccording to their generationsprep + N f pl cstr + pron sfx 3mp · תּוֹלֵדוֹת (H8435)Prepositional phrase of manner/standard'generations, genealogical line', from ילד; the formal heading term for a genealogical record.
20

וַיִּקַּ֨ח עַמְרָ֜ם אֶת יוֹכֶ֤בֶד דֹּֽדָתוֹ֙ ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ אֶֽת אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְאֶת מֹשֶׁ֑ה וּשְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י עַמְרָ֔ם שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָֽה

Amram took Jochebed his aunt as his wife, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. And the years of the life of Amram were a hundred and thirty-seven years.

Narrative notice — Amram's marriage and offspringasyndeton
The genealogy's narrative climax: Amram's marriage to his aunt Jochebed (later prohibited, Lev 18:12) produces Aaron and Moses, anchoring both leaders in the Levitical/Kohathite line.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּקַּ֨חand tookconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — the marriage that produces Moses and Aaron'to take'; here 'take as (a people)' and 'take (a wife)' in the genealogy.
עַמְרָ֜םAmramproper noun · עַמְרָם (H6019)Subject of וַיִּקַּחAmram, son of Kohath, father of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
יוֹכֶ֤בֶדJochebedproper noun · יוֹכֶבֶד (H3115)Direct object of וַיִּקַּחJochebed, Amram's wife (and aunt), mother of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
דֹּֽדָתוֹ֙his auntN f sg cstr + pron sfx 3ms · דּוֹדָה (H1733)Apposition to יוֹכֶבֶד, noting the family relation'aunt, father's sister'; the marriage was later prohibited (Lev 18:12).
ל֣וֹfor himselfprep + pron sfx 3ms · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of interest)
לְאִשָּׁ֔הas wifeprep + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Predicative prepositional phrase (complement of לָקַח, 'take as')'woman, wife'; idiom לְאִשָּׁה 'as wife', i.e. 'married'.
וַתֵּ֣לֶדand she boreconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — the birth notice'to bear, give birth'; the verb marking each generation's offspring.
ל֔וֹfor himprep + pron sfx 3ms · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of interest)
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אַהֲרֹ֖ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Direct object of וַתֵּלֶד (first-named, the elder)Aaron, Moses's elder brother, Israel's first high priest, ancestor of the priestly line.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinated direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
מֹשֶׁ֑הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of וַתֵּלֶד (second-named)Moses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
וּשְׁנֵי֙and the years ofconj + Number (card.) m du cstr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct head introducing the lifespan notice'year'; used in the genealogy's lifespan notices.
חַיֵּ֣יthe life ofN m pl cstr · חַי (H2416)Construct genitive chain'life, living'; construct חַיֵּי 'years of the life of', the fixed lifespan idiom.
עַמְרָ֔םAmramproper noun · עַמְרָם (H6019)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Amram, son of Kohath, father of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
שֶׁ֧בַעsevenNumber (card.) f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral, first element of the compound age (137)the numeral 'seven'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛יםand thirtyconj + Number (card.) c pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Numeral, second elementthe numeral 'thirty'.
וּמְאַ֖תand a hundred ofconj + Number (card.) c sg cstr · מֵאָה (H3967)Numeral (construct head), third elementthe numeral 'hundred'.
שָׁנָֽהyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), completing '137 years''year'; used in the genealogy's lifespan notices.
21

וּבְנֵ֖י יִצְהָ֑ר קֹ֥רַח וָנֶ֖פֶג וְזִכְרִֽי

And the sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri.

Sub-elaboration — Izhar's lineוְ (and)
Notes Korah, whose descendants later lead a rebellion against Moses and Aaron (Num 16) — an ironic detail within a genealogy establishing their legitimacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וּבְנֵ֖יand the sons ofconj + N m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִצְהָ֑רIzharproper noun · יִצְהָר (H3324)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Izhar, second son of Kohath, ancestor of Korah (Num 16).
קֹ֥רַחKorahproper noun · קֹרַח (H7141)First member of the name-list (later leader of the rebellion, Num 16)Korah, son of Izhar, later leader of the rebellion against Moses and Aaron (Num 16).
וָנֶ֖פֶגand Nephegconj + proper noun · נֶפֶג (H5298)Coordinate list itemNepheg, second son of Izhar.
וְזִכְרִֽיand Zichriconj + proper noun · זִכְרִי (H2147)Coordinate list itemZichri, third son of Izhar.
22

וּבְנֵ֖י עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל מִֽישָׁאֵ֥ל וְאֶלְצָפָ֖ן וְסִתְרִֽי

And the sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan, and Sithri.

Sub-elaboration — Uzziel's lineוְ (and)
Completes Kohath's four sons before the narrative returns to Amram's own household.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וּבְנֵ֖יand the sons ofconj + N m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
עֻזִּיאֵ֑לUzzielproper noun · עֻזִּיאֵל (H5816)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Uzziel, fourth son of Kohath.
מִֽישָׁאֵ֥לMishaelproper noun · מִישָׁאֵל (H4332)First member of the name-listMishael, first son of Uzziel (Lev 10:4).
וְאֶלְצָפָ֖ןand Elzaphanconj + proper noun · אֶלְצָפָן (H469)Coordinate list itemElzaphan, second son of Uzziel, later a clan leader (Num 3:30).
וְסִתְרִֽיand Sithriconj + proper noun · סִתְרִי (H5644)Coordinate list itemSithri, third son of Uzziel.
23

וַיִּקַּ֨ח אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע בַּת עַמִּינָדָ֛ב אֲח֥וֹת נַחְשׁ֖וֹן ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתֵּ֣לֶד ל֗וֹ אֶת נָדָב֙ וְאֶת אֲבִיה֔וּא אֶת אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאֶת אִֽיתָמָֽר

Aaron took Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab, the sister of Nahshon, as his wife, and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.

Narrative notice — Aaron's marriage and offspringasyndeton
Parallels v. 20's formula exactly: Aaron marries into the tribe of Judah (Elisheba, sister of the prince Nahshon), and their four sons anchor the priestly succession, including Eleazar and Ithamar, who continue the line after Nadab and Abihu's death (Lev 10).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּקַּ֨חand tookconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — Aaron's marriage, paralleling Amram's in v. 20'to take'; here 'take as (a people)' and 'take (a wife)' in the genealogy.
אַהֲרֹ֜ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subject of וַיִּקַּחAaron, Moses's elder brother, Israel's first high priest, ancestor of the priestly line.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַעElishebaproper noun · אֱלִישֶׁבַע (H472)Direct object of וַיִּקַּחElisheba (Elizabeth), Aaron's wife, of the tribe of Judah.
בַּתthe daughter ofN f sg cstr · בַּת (H1323)Apposition to אֱלִישֶׁבַע (construct head)'daughter'; both literal and idiomatic (מִבְּנוֹת 'from the daughters of').
עַמִּינָדָ֛בAmminadabproper noun · עַמִּינָדָב (H5992)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Amminadab, Elisheba's father, tribe of Judah, ancestor in the Davidic line (Ruth 4:19-20).
אֲח֥וֹתthe sister ofN f sg cstr · אָחוֹת (H269)Further apposition to אֱלִישֶׁבַע (construct head)'sister'; of Elisheba's kinship to Nahshon.
נַחְשׁ֖וֹןNahshonproper noun · נַחְשׁוֹן (H5177)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), linking Aaron's house to Judah's leading familyNahshon, prince of Judah (Num 1:7), linking Aaron's line by marriage to the leading tribe.
ל֣וֹfor himselfprep + pron sfx 3ms · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of interest)
לְאִשָּׁ֑הas wifeprep + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Predicative prepositional phrase (complement of לָקַח)'woman, wife'; idiom לְאִשָּׁה 'as wife', i.e. 'married'.
וַתֵּ֣לֶדand she boreconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — birth notice for Aaron's four sons'to bear, give birth'; the verb marking each generation's offspring.
ל֗וֹfor himprep + pron sfx 3ms · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of interest)
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
נָדָב֙Nadabproper noun · נָדָב (H5070)Direct object of וַתֵּלֶד (first son)Nadab, Aaron's firstborn, later struck down for 'strange fire' (Lev 10:1-2).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinated direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אֲבִיה֔וּאAbihuproper noun · אֲבִיהוּא (H30)Direct object of וַתֵּלֶד (second son)Abihu, Aaron's second son, who died alongside Nadab (Lev 10:1-2).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אֶלְעָזָ֖רEleazarproper noun · אֶלְעָזָר (H499)Direct object of וַתֵּלֶד (third son)Eleazar, Aaron's third son, succeeds him as high priest (Num 20:28).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinated direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
אִֽיתָמָֽרIthamarproper noun · אִיתָמָר (H385)Direct object of וַתֵּלֶד (fourth son)Ithamar, Aaron's fourth son, ancestor of a later priestly line (1 Chr 24:3-4).
24

וּבְנֵ֣י קֹ֔רַח אַסִּ֥יר וְאֶלְקָנָ֖ה וַאֲבִיאָסָ֑ף אֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַקָּרְחִֽי

And the sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph; these are the clans of the Korahites.

Sub-elaboration — Korah's sonsוְ (and)
Notes that Korah's own sons (and thus his clan) survived his father's rebellion (cf. Num 26:11), later becoming prominent temple singers (Ps 42, 84 superscriptions).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּבְנֵ֣יand the sons ofconj + N m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Casus pendens heading (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
קֹ֔רַחKorahproper noun · קֹרַח (H7141)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Korah, son of Izhar, later leader of the rebellion against Moses and Aaron (Num 16).
אַסִּ֥ירAssirproper noun · אַסִּיר (H617)First member of the name-listAssir, first son of Korah.
וְאֶלְקָנָ֖הand Elkanahconj + proper noun · אֶלְקָנָה (H511)Coordinate list itemElkanah, second son of Korah.
וַאֲבִיאָסָ֑ףand Abiasaphconj + proper noun · אֲבִיאָסָף (H23)Coordinate list itemAbiasaph, third son of Korah; Korah's own line survived his rebellion (Num 26:11).
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative pronoun, subject of the closing summary clausecommon-gender demonstrative pronoun 'these'; the recurring formula (אֵלֶּה + construct noun) that opens and closes each genealogical unit.
מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥תare the clans ofN f pl cstr · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Predicate nominative (construct head)'clan, family'; the sub-tribal unit, in construct 'clans of X', structuring the list.
הַקָּרְחִֽיthe Korahite(s)art + gentilic N m sg abs · קָרְחִי (H7145)Construct genitive (nomen rectum), closing the unitgentilic 'Korahite'; the clan later prominent as temple singers (Ps 42, 84 superscriptions).
25

וְאֶלְעָזָ֨ר בֶּֽן אַהֲרֹ֜ן לָקַֽח ל֨וֹ מִבְּנ֤וֹת פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙ ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתֵּ֥לֶד ל֖וֹ אֶת פִּֽינְחָ֑ס אֵ֗לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַלְוִיִּ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם

And Eleazar son of Aaron took one of the daughters of Putiel as his wife, and she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the fathers' houses of the Levites, by their clans.

Sub-elaboration — third-generation notice and closing formulaוְ (and)
Extends the register one generation further to Eleazar's son Phinehas, whose zeal (Num 25) will secure a perpetual priestly covenant; the closing formula (echoing vv. 14, 19) seals the entire genealogical unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאֶלְעָזָ֨רand Eleazarconj + proper noun · אֶלְעָזָר (H499)Subject of the whole verse (fronted for topic shift to a third generation)Eleazar, Aaron's third son, succeeds him as high priest (Num 20:28).
בֶּֽןson ofN m sg cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition to אֶלְעָזָר (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
אַהֲרֹ֜ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Aaron, Moses's elder brother, Israel's first high priest, ancestor of the priestly line.
לָקַֽחtookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act — Eleazar's own marriage, continuing the family register'to take'; here 'take as (a people)' and 'take (a wife)' in the genealogy.
ל֨וֹfor himselfprep + pron sfx 3ms · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of interest)
מִבְּנ֤וֹתfrom the daughters ofprep + N f pl cstr · בַּת (H1323)Prepositional phrase of source (construct head)'daughter'; both literal and idiomatic (מִבְּנוֹת 'from the daughters of').
פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙Putielproper noun · פּוּטִיאֵל (H6317)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Putiel, Eleazar's father-in-law, of uncertain identity.
ל֣וֹfor himselfprep + pron sfx 3ms · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (resumptive, dative of interest)
לְאִשָּׁ֔הas wifeprep + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Predicative prepositional phrase (complement of לָקַח)'woman, wife'; idiom לְאִשָּׁה 'as wife', i.e. 'married'.
וַתֵּ֥לֶדand she boreconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — birth of Phinehas, whose later zeal (Num 25) secures the priestly covenant'to bear, give birth'; the verb marking each generation's offspring.
ל֖וֹfor himprep + pron sfx 3ms · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (dative of interest)
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
פִּֽינְחָ֑סPhinehasproper noun · פִּינְחָס (H6372)Direct object of וַתֵּלֶדPhinehas, Eleazar's son, whose zeal (Num 25) secures a perpetual priestly covenant for his line.
אֵ֗לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative pronoun, subject of the chapter-closing summary clausecommon-gender demonstrative pronoun 'these'; the recurring formula (אֵלֶּה + construct noun) that opens and closes each genealogical unit.
רָאשֵׁ֛יare the heads ofN m pl cstr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Predicate nominative (construct head)'head'; construct plural רָאשֵׁי 'heads of', the leading men of the ancestral houses.
אֲב֥וֹתthe fathers ofN m pl cstr · אָב (H1)Construct genitive chain'father'; plural 'fathers, ancestors'.
הַלְוִיִּ֖םthe Levitesart + gentilic N m pl abs · לֵוִי (H3881)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)gentilic 'Levite'; the tribal/clan designation.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽםby their clansprep + N f pl cstr + pron sfx 3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Prepositional phrase of manner/standard, closing the entire genealogy'clan, family'; the sub-tribal unit, in construct 'clans of X', structuring the list.
26

ה֥וּא אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם הוֹצִ֜יאוּ אֶת בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל צִבְאֹתָֽם

This is the Aaron and Moses to whom YHWH said, “Bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.”

Resumption — identification formula, first formasyndeton
The genealogy's purpose is made explicit: to identify precisely which Aaron and Moses received the commission of v. 13, closing the digression and preparing the return to narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ה֥וּאthis isindep pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Demonstrative/resumptive pronoun, subject of the identification clause3ms independent pronoun 'he'; here resumptive/identificational.
אַהֲרֹ֖ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Predicate nominative (first name identified)Aaron, Moses's elder brother, Israel's first high priest, ancestor of the priestly line.
וּמֹשֶׁ֑הand Mosesconj + proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Coordinated predicate nominativeMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
אֲשֶׁ֨רto whomrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing a relative clausethe invariable relative particle 'which, that, who'.
אָמַ֤רsaidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act — YHWH's prior command, now resumed by the narrative'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of אָמַרYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + pron sfx 3mp · לְ (bound prep., unnumbered)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)
הוֹצִ֜יאוּbring out!Hiphil impv 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (imperative, quoted command)→ Volitional (imperative): the reiterated core command of the commission'to go out, come out'; in Hiphil 'to bring out' — the chapter's central deliverance verb, opening the sevenfold promise (v. 6) and recurring as Aaron and Moses's defining act (vv. 7, 11, 13, 26, 27).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
בְּנֵ֧יthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
מֵאֶ֥רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N c sg cstr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phrase of separation (construct head)'land, earth, territory'.
מִצְרַ֖יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
עַלbyprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase of manner/distribution'on, upon, by'; here of manner/distribution, 'by their hosts'.
צִבְאֹתָֽםtheir hostsN c pl cstr + pron sfx 3mp · צָבָא (H6635)Object of preposition עַל (with pronominal suffix)'army, host'; idiom עַל צִבְאֹתָם 'by their hosts/companies'.
27

הֵ֗ם הַֽמְדַבְּרִים֙ אֶל פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם ה֥וּא מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹֽן

These are the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt to bring the Israelites out of Egypt; this is the Moses and Aaron.

Resumption — identification formula, second form (chiastic reversal)asyndeton
A second identification clause, reversing the name order (Moses then Aaron) — a chiastic frame (Aaron-Moses / Moses-Aaron) bracketing the genealogy and signaling the return to the main narrative in v. 28.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הֵ֗םtheseindep pron 3mp · הֵם (H1992)Demonstrative/resumptive pronoun, subject of the identification clause3mp independent pronoun 'they'; resumptive, identifying Aaron and Moses.
הַֽמְדַבְּרִים֙are the ones speakingart + Piel ptc m pl abs · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate (substantized participle)→ Participle: characterizing — identifies Aaron and Moses by their commissioned role'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
פַּרְעֹ֣הPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of preposition אֶלPharaoh; Egyptian loanword pr-ʿ3 'great house', the royal title of Egypt's king.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN m sg cstr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to פַּרְעֹה (construct head)'king'; construct 'king of Egypt', Pharaoh's formal title.
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
לְהוֹצִ֥יאto bring outprep + Hiphil inf construct · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct expressing purpose→ Non-finite (inf. construct): purpose/complement clause'to go out, come out'; in Hiphil 'to bring out' — the chapter's central deliverance verb, opening the sevenfold promise (v. 6) and recurring as Aaron and Moses's defining act (vv. 7, 11, 13, 26, 27).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl cstr · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (construct head)'son'; construct plural בְּנֵי, the standard idiom '(the) sons/children of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Israel; the covenant name given to Jacob (Gen 32:29), here his descendants collectively.
מִמִּצְרָ֑יִםfrom Egyptprep + proper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Prepositional phrase of separationEgypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
ה֥וּאthis isindep pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Demonstrative/resumptive pronoun, subject of a second, emphatic identification3ms independent pronoun 'he'; here resumptive/identificational.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Predicate nominativeMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
וְאַהֲרֹֽןand Aaronconj + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Coordinated predicate nominative, closing with a name-order reversalAaron, Moses's elder brother, Israel's first high priest, ancestor of the priestly line.
28

וַיְהִ֗י בְּי֨וֹם דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And it came to pass on the day that YHWH spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt,

Narrative resumption after digressionוַ (wayyiqtol, formula 'and it came to pass')
The formula וַיְהִי explicitly resumes the story interrupted at v. 13, restating the setting ('in the land of Egypt') to reorient the reader after the genealogical excursus.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיְהִ֗יand it happenedconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol, formulaic resumption)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — the formula 'and it came to pass' resumes the main story-line after the genealogical digression (vv. 14-27)'to be, become'; in the covenant formula, and the narrative formula 'and it came to pass'.
בְּי֨וֹםon the dayprep + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (construct head)'day'; idiom בְּיוֹם 'on the day (when)'.
דִּבֶּ֧ר(when) YHWH spokePiel perf 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb of the relative/temporal clause→ Perfective: a completed act, dating the resumed narrative to the day of the divine commission'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of דִּבֶּרYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N c sg cstr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Locative prepositional phrase (construct head)'land, earth, territory'.
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
29

וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹ֖ר אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה דַּבֵּ֗ר אֶל פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ

that YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, “I am YHWH; speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I speak to you.”

Elaboration — restates the divine speech of vv. 10-13asyndeton
Essentially repeats v. 11's commission almost verbatim, functioning as a resumptive repetition (Wiederaufnahme) that seals off the genealogy (vv. 14-27) as a parenthesis, returning the narrative to precisely where it left off at vv. 12-13.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֧רand spokeconj + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — resumption/repetition of the divine commission after the digression'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּרYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
לֵּאמֹ֖רsayingprep + Qal inf construct · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct introducing direct discourse→ Non-finite (inf. construct): purpose/complement clause'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
אֲנִ֣יIindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic pronoun)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate nominative (self-identification, resuming the formula of v. 2/6)YHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
דַּבֵּ֗רspeak!Piel impv 2ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional (imperative): renewed command to confront Pharaoh'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addressee'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
פַּרְעֹה֙Pharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Object of preposition אֶלPharaoh; Egyptian loanword pr-ʿ3 'great house', the royal title of Egypt's king.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg cstr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to פַּרְעֹה (construct head)'king'; construct 'king of Egypt', Pharaoh's formal title.
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptproper noun · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Construct genitive (nomen rectum)Egypt; dual/plural form referring to the land (and by extension its people/king).
אֵ֛ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerthe untranslatable direct-object marker (nota accusativi).
כָּלallN m sg cstr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object (construct head) of דַּבֵּר'all, every, whole'; construct כָּל אֲשֶׁר 'all that'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing a relative clause modifying כָּלthe invariable relative particle 'which, that, who'.
אֲנִ֖יIindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject of the relative clause1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
דֹּבֵ֥רam speakingQal ptc m sg abs · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb of relative clause (participle)→ Participle: durative — the ongoing content of the divine message being delivered'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֵלֶֽיךָto youprep + pron sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
30

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם וְאֵ֕יךְ יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֵלַ֖י פַּרְעֹֽה

But Moses said before YHWH, “Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips; how then will Pharaoh listen to me?”

Narrative sequence — Moses's objection restatedasyndeton
Moses repeats his objection from v. 12 almost verbatim (dropping the Israelites' refusal, keeping the 'uncircumcised lips' claim), setting up chapter 7's answer: God will make Aaron Moses's spokesman.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand saidconj + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause, wayyiqtol)→ Wayyiqtol: narrative advance — Moses's renewed objection, echoing v. 12'to say, speak'; the basic Hebrew verb of speech, extremely common; here introduces divine or human speech.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרMoses; popularly connected to Hebrew מָשָׁה 'to draw out' (Exod 2:10).
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep + N c pl cstr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase (locative)'face'; fixed idiom לִפְנֵי 'before, in the presence of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵיYHWH, the covenant/personal name of Israel's God; the name whose relation to the patriarchal age is the crux of this chapter (v. 3).
הֵ֤ןbeholdparticle · הֵן (H2005)Deictic particle introducing the protestdeictic/asseverative particle 'behold, if'.
אֲנִי֙Iindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic pronoun)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
עֲרַ֣לam uncircumcised ofAdj m sg cstr · עָרֵל (H6189)Predicate adjective (construct head)'uncircumcised'; figurative of lips/speech, i.e. unfit, deficient.
שְׂפָתַ֔יִםlipsN f du abs · שָׂפָה (H8193)Genitive complement of עֲרַל (construct chain)'lip'; dual שְׂפָתַיִם 'lips/speech', the organ (and by metonymy the faculty) of speech.
וְאֵ֕יךְso howconj + interrog particle · אֵיךְ (H349)Interrogative particle introducing the rhetorical question (verbatim echo of v. 12)interrogative adverb 'how'.
יִשְׁמַ֥עwill he listenQal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb of the rhetorical question→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a doubted future possibility, echoing v. 12'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
אֵלַ֖יto meprep + pron sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)'to, toward'; the basic preposition of motion/address, governing the addressee of speech.
פַּרְעֹֽהPharaohproper noun · פַּרְעֹה (H6547)Subject of יִשְׁמַעPharaoh; Egyptian loanword pr-ʿ3 'great house', the royal title of Egypt's king.