Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Esther, Chapter 10אסתר 10

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Esther 10 (3 verses in the MT) opens: And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and the isles of the sea. The middle of the chapter continues: And all the acts of his power and of his might, and the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced him, they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia? It closes: For Mordecai the Jew next to king Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and accepted of the multitude of his brethren, seeking the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to all his seed.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Esther 10 comprises 3 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-3) — And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and the isles of th. And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and the isles of the sea. And all the acts of his power and of his might, and the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced him, they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia? For Mordecai the Jew next to king Ahasuerus, and great among the. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיָּשֶׂם֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אחשרש אֲחַשְׁוֵר֧וֹשׁ מַ֛ס עַל הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאִיֵּ֥י הַיָּֽם

And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and the isles of the sea.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he set'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיָּשֶׂם֩and he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אחשרשAhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֧וֹשׁAhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
מַ֛סforced laborN c · מַס (H4522)Construct chain (genitival)מַס (H4522) 'forced labor'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְאִיֵּ֥יcoastlands ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · אִי (H339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
הַיָּֽםthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
2

וְכָל מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה תָקְפּוֹ֙ וּגְב֣וּרָת֔וֹ וּפָרָשַׁת֙ גְּדֻלַּ֣ת מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר גִּדְּל֖וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ הֲלוֹא הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל סֵ֨פֶר֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י הַיָּמִ֔ים לְמַלְכֵ֖י מָדַ֥י וּפָרָֽס

And all the acts of his power and of his might, and the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced him, they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he grew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
מַעֲשֵׂ֤הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
תָקְפּוֹ֙authorityN c · תֹּקֶף (H8633)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּקֶף (H8633) 'authority'.
וּגְב֣וּרָת֔וֹand like your mighty actsconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
וּפָרָשַׁת֙andconj וְ + N com f sg constr · פָּרָשָׁה (H6575)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּרָשָׁה (H6575) 'and'.
גְּדֻלַּ֣תdignityN c · גְּדוּלָה (H1420)Construct chain (genitival)גְּדוּלָה (H1420) 'dignity'.
מָרְדֳּכַ֔יMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
גִּדְּל֖וֹand he grewPiel perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
הֲלוֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
הֵ֣םtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
כְּתוּבִ֗יםand he wroteQal ptc mp · כָּתַב (H3789)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּתַב (H3789) 'and he wrote'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
סֵ֨פֶר֙the book ofN c · סֵפֶר (H5612)Construct chain (genitival)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'the book of'.
דִּבְרֵ֣יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
הַיָּמִ֔יםthe daysart + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days'.
לְמַלְכֵ֖יking ofprep + N com m pl constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
מָדַ֥יand MadaiN · מָדַי (H4074)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָדַי (H4074) 'and Madai'.
וּפָרָֽסPersiaconj וְ + N proper · פָּרַס (H6539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּרַס (H6539) 'Persia'.
3

כִּ֣י מָרְדֳּכַ֣י הַיְּהוּדִ֗י מִשְׁנֶה֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וְגָדוֹל֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְרָצ֖וּי לְרֹ֣ב אֶחָ֑יו דֹּרֵ֥שׁ טוֹב֙ לְעַמּ֔וֹ וְדֹבֵ֥ר שָׁל֖וֹם לְכָל זַרְעֽוֹ

For Mordecai the Jew next to king Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and accepted of the multitude of his brethren, seeking the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to all his seed.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'it shall be accepted'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָרְדֳּכַ֣יMordecaiN · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'Mordecai'.
הַיְּהוּדִ֗יJewart + N gentilic m sg abs · יְהוּדִי (H3064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדִי (H3064) 'Jew'.
מִשְׁנֶה֙doubleN c · מִשְׁנֶה (H4932)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁנֶה (H4932) 'double'.
לַמֶּ֣לֶךְto the king ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁAhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
וְגָדוֹל֙greatconj וְ + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
לַיְּהוּדִ֔יםJewprep + art + N gentilic m pl abs · יְהוּדִי (H3064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדִי (H3064) 'Jew'.
וְרָצ֖וּיit shall be acceptedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · רָצָה (H7521)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
לְרֹ֣בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
אֶחָ֑יוhis brothersN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'his brothers'.
דֹּרֵ֥שׁcares forQal ptc ms · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'cares for'.
טוֹב֙goodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לְעַמּ֔וֹthe peopleprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
וְדֹבֵ֥רand he shall speakconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he shall speak'.
שָׁל֖וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
זַרְעֽוֹits seedN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'its seed'.