← Micah

On the Hebrew text. The Hebrew follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition, as represented by standard diplomatic editions in their main wording; distinctively copyrighted critical apparatus is not reproduced. Versification follows the MT.

The Book of Micah (MT) — Interlinear Summary

A consolidated companion to the Masoretic-Text Micah data set: each chapter rendered as a six-tier Hebrew reverse-interlinear (Hebrew · gloss · parsing · syntax · semantic force · lexical note), with per-verse discourse analysis and a chapter argument-outline.

This document gathers, for each annotated chapter, the theme, the argument outline, and the textual / exegetical note (the text_note of each file, with the shared critical-text preface removed since it is stated once above). Judgment, Bethlehem's ruler, and the LORD's case against his people. The Hebrew follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition (Westminster Leningrad Codex / OSHB); distinctively copyrighted apparatus is not reproduced, and Hebrew (MT) versification is used throughout.

Scope. 7 chapters · 105 verses · 1,400 annotated words.

Micah

Micah 1 — מיכה 1

Theme. Micah 1 (16 verses in the MT) opens: The word of YHWH that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. The middle of the chapter continues: For her wound incurable; for it is come to Judah; he is come to the gate of my people, to Jerusalem. It closes: Make you bald, and poll you for your delicate children; enlarge your baldness as the eagle; for they are gone into captivity from you.

Outline.

Textual note. Micah 1 comprises 16 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — The word of YHWH that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham. The word of YHWH that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. Hear, all you people; hearken, O earth, and all that therein is: and let YHWH YHWH be witness against you, YHWH from his holy temple. For, behold, YHWH cometh forth out of his place, and will come down, and. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — For the transgression of Jacob all this, and for the sins of the house o. For the transgression of Jacob all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What the transgression of Jacob? not Samaria? and what the high places of Judah? not Jerusalem? Therefore I will make Samaria as an heap of the field, as plantings of a vineyard: and I will pour down the stones thereof into the valley, and I will discover the foundations. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — For her wound incurable; for it is come to Judah; he is come to the gate. For her wound incurable; for it is come to Judah; he is come to the gate of my people, to Jerusalem. Declare you not at Gath, weep you not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust. Pass you away, you inhabitant of Saphir, having your shame naked: the inhabitant of Zaanan came not forth in the mourning of Bethezel; he shall receive of you his. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — O you inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she th. O you inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for the transgressions of Israel were found in you. Therefore shall you give presents to Moreshethgath: the houses of Achzib a lie to the kings of Israel. Yet will I bring an heir to you, O inhabitant of Mareshah: he shall come to Adullam. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Micah 2 — מיכה 2

Theme. Micah 2 (13 verses in the MT) opens: Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand. The middle of the chapter continues: O named the house of Jacob, is the spirit of YHWH straitened? these his doings? do not my words do good to him that walketh uprightly? It closes: The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and YHWH on the head of them.

Outline.

Textual note. Micah 2 comprises 13 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when th. Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand. And they covet fields, and take by violence; and houses, and take away: so they oppress a man and his house, even a man and his heritage. Therefore thus says YHWH; Behold, against this family do I devise an. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Therefore you shall have none that shall cast a cord by lot in the congr. Therefore you shall have none that shall cast a cord by lot in the congregation of YHWH. Prophesy you not, prophesy: they shall not prophesy to them, they shall not take shame. O named the house of Jacob, is the spirit of YHWH straitened? these his doings? do not my words do good to him that walketh uprightly? Even of late my people is risen up as an enemy:. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — The women of my people have you cast out from their pleasant houses; fro. The women of my people have you cast out from their pleasant houses; from their children have you taken away my glory for ever. Arise you, and depart; for this not rest: because it is polluted, it shall destroy , even with a sore destruction. If a man walking in the spirit and falsehood do lie, , I will prophesy to you of wine and of strong drink; he shall. Movement IV (vv. 13) — The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed. The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and YHWH on the head of them. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Micah 3 — מיכה 3

Theme. Micah 3 (12 verses in the MT) opens: And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and you princes of the house of Israel; not for you to know judgment? The middle of the chapter continues: Then shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners confounded: yea, they shall all cover their lips; for no answer of God. It closes: Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest.

Outline.

Textual note. Micah 3 comprises 12 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and you princes of the h. And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and you princes of the house of Israel; not for you to know judgment? Who hate the good, and love the evil; who pluck off their skin from off them, and their flesh from off their bones; Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces,. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Thus says YHWH concerning the prophets that make my people err, that bit. Thus says YHWH concerning the prophets that make my people err, that bite with their teeth, and cry, Peace; and he that putteth not into their mouths, they even prepare war against him. Therefore night to you, that you shall not have a vision; and it shall be dark to you, that you shall not divine; and the sun shall go down over the prophets, and the day. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Hear this, I pray you, you heads of the house of Jacob, and princes of t. Hear this, I pray you, you heads of the house of Jacob, and princes of the house of Israel, that abhor judgment, and pervert all equity. They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity. The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach for hire, and the prophets thereof divine for money: yet will they lean upon YHWH, and say, not. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Micah 4 — מיכה 4

Theme. Micah 4 (14 verses in the MT) opens: But in the last days it shall come to pass, the mountain of the house of YHWH shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow to it. The middle of the chapter continues: And you, O tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of Zion, to you shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem. It closes: Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he has laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek.

Outline.

Textual note. Micah 4 comprises 14 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — But in the last days it shall come to pass, the mountain of the house of. But in the last days it shall come to pass, the mountain of the house of YHWH shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow to it. And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us go up to the mountain of YHWH, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — For all people will walk every one in the name of his god, and we will w. For all people will walk every one in the name of his god, and we will walk in the name of YHWH our God for ever and ever. In that day, says YHWH, will I assemble her that halteth, and I will gather her that is driven out, and her that I have afflicted; And I will make her that halted a remnant, and her that was cast far off a strong nation: and YHWH shall. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Now why dost you cry out aloud? no king in you? is your counsellor peris. Now why dost you cry out aloud? no king in you? is your counsellor perished? for pangs have taken you as a woman in travail. Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail: for now shall you go forth out of the city, and you shall dwell in the field, and you shall go to Babylon; there shall you be delivered; there YHWH. Movement IV (vv. 13-14) — Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make your horn iron, an. Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make your horn iron, and I will make your hoofs brass: and you shall beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain to YHWH, and their substance to YHWH of the whole earth. Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he has laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Micah 5 — מיכה 5

Theme. Micah 5 (14 verses in the MT) opens: But you, Bethlehem Ephratah, you be little among the thousands of Judah, out of you shall he come forth to me to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth from of old, from everlasting. The middle of the chapter continues: Your hand shall be lifted up upon your adversaries, and all your enemies shall be cut off. It closes: And I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen, such as they have not heard.

Outline.

Textual note. Micah 5 comprises 14 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — But you, Bethlehem Ephratah, you be little among the thousands of Judah. But you, Bethlehem Ephratah, you be little among the thousands of Judah, out of you shall he come forth to me to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth from of old, from everlasting. Therefore will he give them up, until the time she which travaileth has brought forth: then the remnant of his brethren shall return to the children of Israel. And he shall. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of. And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders. And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many people as a dew from YHWH, as the showers upon the grass, that tarrieth not for man,. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And it shall come to pass in that day, says YHWH, that I will cut off yo. And it shall come to pass in that day, says YHWH, that I will cut off your horses out of the midst of you, and I will destroy your chariots: And I will cut off the cities of your land, and throw down all your strong holds: And I will cut off witchcrafts out of your hand; and you shall have no soothsayers: Your graven images also will I cut off, and your. Movement IV (vv. 13-14) — And I will pluck up your groves out of the midst of you: so will I destr. And I will pluck up your groves out of the midst of you: so will I destroy your cities. And I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen, such as they have not heard. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Micah 6 — מיכה 6

Theme. Micah 6 (16 verses in the MT) opens: Hear you now what YHWH says; Arise, contend you before the mountains, and let the hills hear your voice. The middle of the chapter continues: YHWH's voice crieth to the city, and wisdom shall see your name: hear you the rod, and who has appointed it. It closes: For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house of Ahab, and you walk in their counsels; that I should make you a desolation, and the inhabitants thereof an hissing: therefore you shall bear the.

Outline.

Textual note. Micah 6 comprises 16 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Hear you now what YHWH says; Arise, contend you before the mountains, an. Hear you now what YHWH says; Arise, contend you before the mountains, and let the hills hear your voice. Hear you, O mountains, YHWH's controversy, and you strong foundations of the earth: for YHWH has a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel. O my people, what have I done to you? and wherein have I wearied you? testify against me. For I. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and what Ba. O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim to Gilgal; that you may know the righteousness of YHWH. Wherewith shall I come before YHWH, bow myself before the high God? shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves of a year old? Will YHWH be pleased with thousands of. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — YHWH's voice crieth to the city, and wisdom shall see your name: hear yo. YHWH's voice crieth to the city, and wisdom shall see your name: hear you the rod, and who has appointed it. Are there yet the treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and the scant measure abominable? Shall I count pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights? For the rich men thereof are full of violence, and the. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — Therefore also will I make sick in smiting you, in making desolate becau. Therefore also will I make sick in smiting you, in making desolate because of your sins. You shall eat, but not be satisfied; and your casting down in the midst of you; and you shall take hold, but shall not deliver; and which you deliverest will I give up to the sword. You shall sow, but you shall not reap; you shall tread the olives, but you shall not. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Micah 7 — מיכה 7

Theme. Micah 7 (20 verses in the MT) opens: Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the grapegleanings of the vintage: no cluster to eat: my soul desired the firstripe fruit. The middle of the chapter continues: the day that your walls are to be built, that day shall the decree be far removed. It closes: You will perform the truth to Jacob, the mercy to Abraham, which you have sworn to our fathers from the days of old.

Outline.

Textual note. Micah 7 comprises 20 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the. Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the grapegleanings of the vintage: no cluster to eat: my soul desired the firstripe fruit. The good is perished out of the earth: and none upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man his brother with a net. That they may do evil with both hands earnestly, the. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Trust you not in a friend, put you not confidence in a guide: keep the d. Trust you not in a friend, put you not confidence in a guide: keep the doors of your mouth from her that lieth in your bosom. For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up against her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a man's enemies the men of his own house. Therefore I will look to YHWH; I will wait for the God of my. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — I will bear the indignation of YHWH, because I have sinned against him,. I will bear the indignation of YHWH, because I have sinned against him, until he plead my cause, and execute judgment for me: he will bring me forth to the light, I shall behold his righteousness. Then mine enemy shall see , and shame shall cover her which said to me, Where is YHWH your God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — Notwithstanding the land shall be desolate because of them that dwell th. Notwithstanding the land shall be desolate because of them that dwell therein, for the fruit of their doings. Feed your people with your rod, the flock of your heritage, which dwell solitarily the wood, in the midst of Carmel: let them feed Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old. According to the days of your coming out of the land of Egypt will I shew to. Movement V (vv. 17-20) — They shall lick the dust like a serpent, they shall move out of their ho. They shall lick the dust like a serpent, they shall move out of their holes like worms of the earth: they shall be afraid of YHWH our God, and shall fear because of you. Who a God like to you, that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage? he retaineth not his anger for ever, because he delighteth mercy. He will. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.