← Lamentations

On the Hebrew text. The Hebrew follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition, as represented by standard diplomatic editions in their main wording; distinctively copyrighted critical apparatus is not reproduced. Versification follows the MT.

The Book of Lamentations (MT) — Interlinear Summary

A consolidated companion to the Masoretic-Text Lamentations data set: each chapter rendered as a six-tier Hebrew reverse-interlinear (Hebrew · gloss · parsing · syntax · semantic force · lexical note), with per-verse discourse analysis and a chapter argument-outline.

This document gathers, for each annotated chapter, the theme, the argument outline, and the textual / exegetical note (the text_note of each file, with the shared critical-text preface removed since it is stated once above). Poems of grief over fallen Jerusalem. The Hebrew follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition (Westminster Leningrad Codex / OSHB); distinctively copyrighted apparatus is not reproduced, and Hebrew (MT) versification is used throughout.

Scope. 5 chapters · 154 verses · 1,564 annotated words.

Lamentations

Lamentations 1 — איכה 1

Theme. Lamentations 1 (22 verses in the MT) opens: How does the city sit solitary, full of people! is she become as a widow! she great among the nations, princess among the provinces, is she become tributary! The middle of the chapter continues: nothing to you, all you that pass by? behold, and see if there be any sorrow like to my sorrow, which is done to me, wherewith YHWH has afflicted in the day of his fierce anger. It closes: Let all their wickedness come before you; and do to them, as you have done to me for all my transgressions: for my sighs many, and my heart faint.

Outline.

Textual note. Lamentations 1 comprises 22 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — How does the city sit solitary, full of people! is she become as a widow. How does the city sit solitary, full of people! is she become as a widow! she great among the nations, princess among the provinces, is she become tributary! She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears on her cheeks: among all her lovers she has none to comfort : all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies. Judah is gone. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes ar. And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes are become like harts find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer. Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that she had in the days of old, when her people fell into the hand of the enemy, and none did help. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant thi. All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for meat to relieve the soul: see, O YHWH, and consider; for I am become vile. nothing to you, all you that pass by? behold, and see if there be any sorrow like to my sorrow, which is done to me, wherewith YHWH has afflicted in the day of his fierce anger. From above has he sent. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — For these I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water, because th. For these I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water, because the comforter that should relieve my soul is far from me: my children are desolate, because the enemy prevailed. Zion spreadeth forth her hands, none to comfort her: YHWH has commanded concerning Jacob, his adversaries round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them. YHWH. Movement V (vv. 21-22) — They have heard that I sigh: none to comfort me: all mine enemies have h. They have heard that I sigh: none to comfort me: all mine enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that you have done : you will bring the day you have called, and they shall be like to me. Let all their wickedness come before you; and do to them, as you have done to me for all my transgressions: for my sighs many, and my heart faint. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Lamentations 2 — איכה 2

Theme. Lamentations 2 (22 verses in the MT) opens: How has YHWH covered the daughter of Zion with a cloud in his anger, cast down from heaven to the earth the beauty of Israel, and remembered not his footstool in the day of his anger! The middle of the chapter continues: They say to their mothers, Where corn and wine? when they swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was poured out into their mothers' bosom. It closes: You have called as in a solemn day my terrors round about, so that in the day of YHWH's anger none escaped nor remained: those that I have swaddled and brought up has mine enemy consumed.

Outline.

Textual note. Lamentations 2 comprises 22 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — How has YHWH covered the daughter of Zion with a cloud in his anger, cas. How has YHWH covered the daughter of Zion with a cloud in his anger, cast down from heaven to the earth the beauty of Israel, and remembered not his footstool in the day of his anger! YHWH has swallowed up all the habitations of Jacob, and has not pitied: he has thrown down in his wrath the strong holds of the daughter of Judah; he has brought down to the. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — And he has violently taken away his tabernacle, as a garden: he has dest. And he has violently taken away his tabernacle, as a garden: he has destroyed his places of the assembly: YHWH has caused the solemn feasts and sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, and has despised in the indignation of his anger the king and the priest. YHWH has cast off his altar, he has abhorred his sanctuary, he has given up into the hand of the enemy the. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is poured. Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of the city. They say to their mothers, Where corn and wine? when they swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was poured out into. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — All your enemies have opened their mouth against you: they hiss and gnas. All your enemies have opened their mouth against you: they hiss and gnash the teeth: they say, We have swallowed up: certainly this the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen . YHWH has done which he had devised; he has fulfilled his word that he had commanded in the days of old: he has thrown down, and has not pitied: and he has caused enemy. Movement V (vv. 21-22) — The young and the old lie on the ground in the streets: my virgins and m. The young and the old lie on the ground in the streets: my virgins and my young men are fallen by the sword; you have slain in the day of your anger; you have killed, not pitied. You have called as in a solemn day my terrors round about, so that in the day of YHWH's anger none escaped nor remained: those that I have swaddled and brought up has mine enemy. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Lamentations 3 — איכה 3

Theme. Lamentations 3 (66 verses in the MT) opens: I the man has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. The middle of the chapter continues: To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth, It closes: Persecute and destroy them in anger from under the heavens of YHWH.

Outline.

Textual note. Lamentations 3 comprises 66 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-14) — I the man has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. I the man has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. He has led me, and brought darkness, but not light. Surely against me is he turned; he turneth his hand all the day. My flesh and my skin has he made old; he has broken my bones. He has builded against me, and compassed with gall and travail. He has set me in dark places, as dead of old. He has hedged. Movement II (vv. 15-28) — He has filled me with bitterness, he has made me drunken with wormwood. He has filled me with bitterness, he has made me drunken with wormwood. He has also broken my teeth with gravel stones, he has covered me with ashes. And you have removed my soul far off from peace: I forgat prosperity. And I said, My strength and my hope is perished from YHWH: Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall. My soul. Movement III (vv. 29-42) — He putteth his mouth in the dust; if so be there may be hope. He putteth his mouth in the dust; if so be there may be hope. He giveth cheek to him that smiteth him: he is filled full with reproach. For YHWH will not cast off for ever: But though he cause grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his mercies. For he does not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men. To crush under his. Movement IV (vv. 43-56) — You have covered with anger, and persecuted us: you have slain, you have. You have covered with anger, and persecuted us: you have slain, you have not pitied. You have covered thyself with a cloud, that prayer should not pass through. You have made us the offscouring and refuse in the midst of the people. All our enemies have opened their mouths against us. Fear and a snare is come upon us, desolation and destruction. Mine eye. Movement V (vv. 57-66) — You drewest near in the day I called upon you: you saidst, Fear not. You drewest near in the day I called upon you: you saidst, Fear not. O Lord, you have pleaded the causes of my soul; you have redeemed my life. O YHWH, you have seen my wrong: judge you my cause. You have seen all their vengeance all their imaginations against me. You have heard their reproach, O YHWH, all their imaginations against me; The lips of those. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Lamentations 4 — איכה 4

Theme. Lamentations 4 (22 verses in the MT) opens: How is the gold become dim! is the most fine gold changed! the stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street. The middle of the chapter continues: The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world, would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have entered into the gates of Jerusalem. It closes: The punishment of your iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of Zion; he will no more carry you away into captivity: he will visit your iniquity, O daughter of Edom; he will discover your sins.

Outline.

Textual note. Lamentations 4 comprises 22 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — How is the gold become dim! is the most fine gold changed! the stones of. How is the gold become dim! is the most fine gold changed! the stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street. The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they esteemed as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the potter! Even the sea monsters draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones: the daughter of my. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is great. For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the punishment of the sin of Sodom, that was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands stayed on her. Her Nazarites were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing of sapphire: Their visage is blacker than a coal; they. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — YHWH has accomplished his fury; he has poured out his fierce anger, and. YHWH has accomplished his fury; he has poured out his fierce anger, and has kindled a fire in Zion, and it has devoured the foundations thereof. The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world, would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have entered into the gates of Jerusalem. For the sins of her prophets, the iniquities. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — The anger of YHWH has divided them; he will no more regard them: they re. The anger of YHWH has divided them; he will no more regard them: they respected not the persons of the priests, they favoured not the elders. As for us, our eyes as yet failed for our vain help: in our watching we have watched for a nation could not save . They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our streets: our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for. Movement V (vv. 21-22) — Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom, that dwellest in the land of Uz. Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom, that dwellest in the land of Uz; the cup also shall pass through to you: you shall be drunken, and shall make thyself naked. The punishment of your iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of Zion; he will no more carry you away into captivity: he will visit your iniquity, O daughter of Edom; he will discover your sins. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Lamentations 5 — איכה 5

Theme. Lamentations 5 (22 verses in the MT) opens: Remember, O YHWH, what is come upon us: consider, and behold our reproach. The middle of the chapter continues: Princes are hanged up by their hand: the faces of elders were not honoured. It closes: But you have utterly rejected us; you are very wroth against us.

Outline.

Textual note. Lamentations 5 comprises 22 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — Remember, O YHWH, what is come upon us: consider, and behold our reproac. Remember, O YHWH, what is come upon us: consider, and behold our reproach. Our inheritance is turned to strangers, our houses to aliens. We are orphans and fatherless, our mothers as widows. We have drunken our water for money; our wood is sold to us. Our necks under persecution: we labour, have no rest. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — We have given the hand the Egyptians, the Assyrians, to be satisfied wit. We have given the hand the Egyptians, the Assyrians, to be satisfied with bread. Our fathers have sinned, not; and we have borne their iniquities. Servants have ruled over us: none that does deliver out of their hand. We gat our bread with our lives because of the sword of the wilderness. Our skin was black like an oven because of the terrible famine. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — They ravished the women in Zion, the maids in the cities of Judah. They ravished the women in Zion, the maids in the cities of Judah. Princes are hanged up by their hand: the faces of elders were not honoured. They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the wood. The elders have ceased from the gate, the young men from their musick. The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into mourning. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — The crown is fallen our head: woe to us, that we have sinned!. The crown is fallen our head: woe to us, that we have sinned! For this our heart is faint; for these our eyes are dim. Because of the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it. You, O YHWH, remainest for ever; your throne from generation to generation. Wherefore dost you forget us for ever, forsake us so long time? Movement V (vv. 21-22) — Turn you us to you, O YHWH, and we shall be turned; renew our days as of. Turn you us to you, O YHWH, and we shall be turned; renew our days as of old. But you have utterly rejected us; you are very wroth against us. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.