← Amos

On the Hebrew text. The Hebrew follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition, as represented by standard diplomatic editions in their main wording; distinctively copyrighted critical apparatus is not reproduced. Versification follows the MT.

The Book of Amos (MT) — Interlinear Summary

A consolidated companion to the Masoretic-Text Amos data set: each chapter rendered as a six-tier Hebrew reverse-interlinear (Hebrew · gloss · parsing · syntax · semantic force · lexical note), with per-verse discourse analysis and a chapter argument-outline.

This document gathers, for each annotated chapter, the theme, the argument outline, and the textual / exegetical note (the text_note of each file, with the shared critical-text preface removed since it is stated once above). Judgment on injustice and hollow worship, with a final promise of restoration. The Hebrew follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition (Westminster Leningrad Codex / OSHB); distinctively copyrighted apparatus is not reproduced, and Hebrew (MT) versification is used throughout.

Scope. 9 chapters · 146 verses · 2,045 annotated words.

Amos

Amos 1 — עמוס 1

Theme. Amos 1 (15 verses in the MT) opens: The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. The middle of the chapter continues: And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, says YHWH YHWH. It closes: And their king shall go into captivity, he and his princes together, says YHWH.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 1 comprises 15 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw conc. The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. And he said, YHWH will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and the top of. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from t. I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holdeth the sceptre from the house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity to Kir, says YHWH. Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away thereof; because they carried away captive the whole. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will. Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant: But I will send a fire on the wall of Tyrus, which shall devour the palaces thereof. Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn. Movement IV (vv. 13-15) — Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and f. Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border: But I will kindle a fire in the wall of Rabbah, and it shall devour the palaces thereof, with shouting in the day of battle, with a tempest in the day. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 2 — עמוס 2

Theme. Amos 2 (16 verses in the MT) opens: Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will not turn away thereof; because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime: The middle of the chapter continues: Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height like the height of the cedars, and he strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. It closes: And courageous among the mighty shall flee away naked in that day, says YHWH.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 2 comprises 16 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will n. Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will not turn away thereof; because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime: But I will send a fire upon Moab, and it shall devour the palaces of Kerioth: and Moab shall die with tumult, with shouting, with the sound of the trumpet: And I will cut off the judge from the midst. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — But I will send a fire upon Judah, and it shall devour the palaces of Je. But I will send a fire upon Judah, and it shall devour the palaces of Jerusalem. Thus says YHWH; For three transgressions of Israel, and for four, I will not turn away thereof; because they sold the righteous for silver, and the poor for a pair of shoes; That pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height like the height of. Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height like the height of the cedars, and he strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. Also I brought you up from the land of Egypt, and led you forty years through the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite. And I raised up of your sons for prophets, and of. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — Behold, I am pressed under you, as a cart is pressed full of sheaves. Behold, I am pressed under you, as a cart is pressed full of sheaves. Therefore the flight shall perish from the swift, and the strong shall not strengthen his force, neither shall the mighty deliver himself: Neither shall he stand that handleth the bow; and swift of foot shall not deliver : neither shall he that rideth the horse deliver himself. And. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 3 — עמוס 3

Theme. Amos 3 (15 verses in the MT) opens: Hear this word that YHWH has spoken against you, O children of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, saying, The middle of the chapter continues: The lion has roared, who will not fear? YHWH YHWH has spoken, who can but prophesy? It closes: And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the houses of ivory shall perish, and the great houses shall have an end, says YHWH.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 3 comprises 15 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Hear this word that YHWH has spoken against you, O children of Israel, a. Hear this word that YHWH has spoken against you, O children of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, saying, You only have I known of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities. Can two walk together, except they be agreed? Will a lion roar in the forest, when he has no prey? will. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Can a bird fall in a snare upon the earth, where no gin for him? shall t. Can a bird fall in a snare upon the earth, where no gin for him? shall take up a snare from the earth, and have taken nothing at all? Shall a trumpet be blown in the city, and the people not be afraid? shall there be evil in a city, and YHWH has not done ? Surely YHWH YHWH will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret to his servants the prophets. The lion. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Publish in the palaces at Ashdod, and in the palaces in the land of Egyp. Publish in the palaces at Ashdod, and in the palaces in the land of Egypt, and say, Assemble yourselves upon the mountains of Samaria, and behold the great tumults in the midst thereof, and the oppressed in the midst thereof. For they know not to do right, says YHWH, who store up violence and robbery in their palaces. Therefore thus says YHWH YHWH; An. Movement IV (vv. 13-15) — Hear you, and testify in the house of Jacob, says YHWH YHWH, the God of. Hear you, and testify in the house of Jacob, says YHWH YHWH, the God of hosts, That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of Bethel: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the ground. And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the houses of ivory shall perish, and. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 4 — עמוס 4

Theme. Amos 4 (13 verses in the MT) opens: Hear this word, you kine of Bashan, that in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink. The middle of the chapter continues: And also I have withholden the rain from you, when yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon. It closes: For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth to man what his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, YHWH, The God of hosts, his name.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 4 comprises 13 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Hear this word, you kine of Bashan, that in the mountain of Samaria, whi. Hear this word, you kine of Bashan, that in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink. YHWH YHWH has sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that he will take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks. And you shall go out at the breaches,. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim publish. And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim publish the free offerings: for this liketh you, O you children of Israel, says YHWH YHWH. And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places: yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH. And also I have withholden the rain from you, when yet. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your. I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees increased, the palmerworm devoured : yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH. I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: your young men have I slain with the sword, and have taken away your horses; and I have made. Movement IV (vv. 13) — For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and decla. For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth to man what his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, YHWH, The God of hosts, his name. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 5 — עמוס 5

Theme. Amos 5 (27 verses in the MT) opens: Hear you this word which I take up against you, a lamentation, O house of Israel. The middle of the chapter continues: Seek good, and not evil, that you may live: and so YHWH, the God of hosts, shall be with you, as you have spoken. It closes: Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, says YHWH, whose name The God of hosts.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 5 comprises 27 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-6) — Hear you this word which I take up against you, a lamentation, O house o. Hear you this word which I take up against you, a lamentation, O house of Israel. The virgin of Israel is fallen; she shall no more rise: she is forsaken upon her land; none to raise her up. For thus says YHWH YHWH; The city that went out a thousand shall leave an hundred, and that which went forth an hundred shall leave ten, to the house of Israel. For. Movement II (vv. 7-12) — You who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the ea. You who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the earth, that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: YHWH his name: That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so. Movement III (vv. 13-18) — Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it an evil ti. Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it an evil time. Seek good, and not evil, that you may live: and so YHWH, the God of hosts, shall be with you, as you have spoken. Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that YHWH God of hosts will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph. Therefore YHWH, the God. Movement IV (vv. 19-24) — As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the h. As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the house, and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit him. not the day of YHWH darkness, and not light? even very dark, and no brightness in it? I hate, I despise your feast days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies. Though you offer me burnt offerings and your meat. Movement V (vv. 25-27) — Have you offered to me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty. Have you offered to me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? But you have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which you made to yourselves. Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, says YHWH, whose name The God of hosts. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 6 — עמוס 6

Theme. Amos 6 (14 verses in the MT) opens: Woe to them at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, named chief of the nations, to whom the house of Israel came! The middle of the chapter continues: YHWH YHWH has sworn by himself, says YHWH the God of hosts, I abhor the excellency of Jacob, and hate his palaces: therefore will I deliver up the city with all that is therein. It closes: But, behold, I will raise up against you a nation, O house of Israel, says YHWH the God of hosts; and they shall afflict you from the entering in of Hemath to the river of the wilderness.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 6 comprises 14 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Woe to them at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, named. Woe to them at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, named chief of the nations, to whom the house of Israel came! Pass you to Calneh, and see; and from thence go you to Hamath the great: then go down to Gath of the Philistines: better than these kingdoms? or their border greater than your border? You that put far away the evil day, and cause. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — That chant to the sound of the viol, invent to themselves instruments of. That chant to the sound of the viol, invent to themselves instruments of musick, like David; That drink wine in bowls, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph. Therefore now shall they go captive with the first that go captive, and the banquet of them that stretched themselves shall be removed.. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And it shall come to pass, if there remain ten men in one house, that th. And it shall come to pass, if there remain ten men in one house, that they shall die. And a man's uncle shall take him up, and he that burneth him, to bring out the bones out of the house, and shall say to him that by the sides of the house, yet with you? and he shall say, No. Then shall he say, Hold your tongue: for we may not make mention of the name of. Movement IV (vv. 13-14) — You which rejoice in a thing of nought, which say, Have we not taken to. You which rejoice in a thing of nought, which say, Have we not taken to us horns by our own strength? But, behold, I will raise up against you a nation, O house of Israel, says YHWH the God of hosts; and they shall afflict you from the entering in of Hemath to the river of the wilderness. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 7 — עמוס 7

Theme. Amos 7 (17 verses in the MT) opens: Thus has YHWH YHWH shewed to me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, the latter growth after the king's mowings. The middle of the chapter continues: And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword. It closes: Therefore thus says YHWH; Your wife shall be an harlot in the city, and your sons and your daughters shall fall by the sword, and your land shall be divided by line; and you shall die in a polluted land: and Israel.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 7 comprises 17 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Thus has YHWH YHWH shewed to me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in. Thus has YHWH YHWH shewed to me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, the latter growth after the king's mowings. And it came to pass, when they had made an end of eating the grass of the land, then I said, O Lord YHWH, forgive, I beseech you: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he small. YHWH. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Then said I, O Lord YHWH, cease, I beseech you: by whom shall Jacob aris. Then said I, O Lord YHWH, cease, I beseech you: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he small. YHWH repented for this: This also shall not be, says YHWH YHWH. Thus he shewed me: and, behold, YHWH stood upon a wall by a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand. And YHWH said to me, Amos, what seest you? And I said, A plumbline. Then said YHWH, Behold, I will set a. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of I. And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword. Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, Amos has conspired against you in the midst of the house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words. For thus. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — But prophesy not again any more at Bethel: for it the king's chapel, and. But prophesy not again any more at Bethel: for it the king's chapel, and it the king's court. Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I no prophet, neither I a prophet's son; but I an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit: And YHWH took me as I followed the flock, and YHWH said to me, Go, prophesy to my people Israel. Now therefore hear you the word of. Movement V (vv. 17) — Therefore thus says YHWH; Your wife shall be an harlot in the city, and. Therefore thus says YHWH; Your wife shall be an harlot in the city, and your sons and your daughters shall fall by the sword, and your land shall be divided by line; and you shall die in a polluted land: and Israel shall surely go into captivity forth of his land. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 8 — עמוס 8

Theme. Amos 8 (14 verses in the MT) opens: Thus has YHWH YHWH shewed to me: and behold a basket of summer fruit. The middle of the chapter continues: Shall not the land tremble for this, and every one mourn that dwelleth therein? and it shall rise up wholly as a flood; and it shall be cast out and drowned, as the flood of Egypt. It closes: They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Your god, O Dan, liveth; and, The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and never rise up again.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 8 comprises 14 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Thus has YHWH YHWH shewed to me: and behold a basket of summer fruit. Thus has YHWH YHWH shewed to me: and behold a basket of summer fruit. And he said, Amos, what seest you? And I said, A basket of summer fruit. Then said YHWH to me, The end is come upon my people of Israel; I will not again pass by them any more. And the songs of the temple shall be howlings in that day, says YHWH YHWH: many dead bodies in every place; they. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the s. Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit? That we may buy the poor for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes; , and sell the refuse of the wheat? YHWH has sworn by the excellency of Jacob, Surely I will. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And it shall come to pass in that day, says YHWH YHWH, that I will cause. And it shall come to pass in that day, says YHWH YHWH, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day: And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning of an only , and the. Movement IV (vv. 13-14) — In that day shall the fair virgins and young men faint for thirst. In that day shall the fair virgins and young men faint for thirst. They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Your god, O Dan, liveth; and, The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and never rise up again. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

Amos 9 — עמוס 9

Theme. Amos 9 (15 verses in the MT) opens: I saw YHWH standing upon the altar: and he said, Smite the lintel of the door, that the posts may shake: and cut them in the head, all of them; and I will slay the last of them with the sword: he that fleeth of them. The middle of the chapter continues: Behold, the eyes of YHWH YHWH upon the sinful kingdom, and I will destroy it from off the face of the earth; saving that I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob, says YHWH. It closes: And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land which I have given them, says YHWH your God.

Outline.

Textual note. Amos 9 comprises 15 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — I saw YHWH standing upon the altar: and he said, Smite the lintel of the. I saw YHWH standing upon the altar: and he said, Smite the lintel of the door, that the posts may shake: and cut them in the head, all of them; and I will slay the last of them with the sword: he that fleeth of them shall not flee away, and he that escapeth of them shall not be delivered. Though they dig into hell, thence shall mine hand take them; though. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And YHWH YHWH of hosts he that toucheth the land, and it shall melt, and. And YHWH YHWH of hosts he that toucheth the land, and it shall melt, and all that dwell therein shall mourn: and it shall rise up wholly like a flood; and shall be drowned, as the flood of Egypt. he that buildeth his stories in the heaven, and has founded his troop in the earth; he that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all n. For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth. All the sinners of my people shall die by the sword, which say, The evil shall not overtake nor prevent us. In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and close up the. Movement IV (vv. 13-15) — Behold, the days come, says YHWH, that the plowman shall overtake the re. Behold, the days come, says YHWH, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt. And I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit ; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.